Zend Framework中的Zend_Db数据库操作
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2022-04-08 16:06:19
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这篇文章主要介绍了Zend Framework入门教程之Zend_Db数据库操作,结合实例形式详细分析了Zend_Db_Adapter的功能及数据库操作的相关技巧,需要的朋友可以参考下
本文实例讲述了Zend Framework中Zend_Db数据库操作方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
引言：Zend操作数据库通过Zend_Db_Adapter
它可以连接多种数据库，可以是DB2数据库、MySQli数据库、Oracle数据库。等等。
只需要配置相应的参数就可以了。
下面通过案例来展示一下其连接数据库的过程。
连接mysql数据库
代码：
<?php
require_once 'Zend/Db.php';
$params = array('host'=>'127.0.0.1',
'username'=>'root',
'password'=>'',
'dbname'=>'test'
);
$db = Zend_Db::factory('PDO_Mysql',$params);
点评：
这是连接mysql的代码案例，提供相应的参数就可以了。连接不同的数据库，提供不同的参数。下面是sqlite的例子
代码：
<?php
require_once 'Zend/Db.php';
$params = array('dbname'=>'test.mdb');
$db = Zend_Db::factory('PDO_Sqlite',$params);
点评：
sqlite明显参数不一样了，只需要提供数据库名字就可以了。
连接完数据库之后，就可以查询数据库信息以及操作数据库信息了。
如果查询呢？
下面是查询的代码案例：
<?php
require_once 'Zend/Db.php';
$params = array('host'=>'127.0.0.1',
'username'=>'root',
'password'=>'',
'dbname'=>'test'
);
$db = Zend_Db::factory('PDO_Mysql',$params);
$sql = $db->quoteInto('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id<?','5');
$result = $db->query($sql); //执行SQL查询
$r_a = $result->fetchAll(); //返回结果数组
print_r($r_a);
点评：
执行完上述代码，就会展示出数据库中前五条记录的信息。
那么这其中的玄机是什么呢？
我们来看一下源码。
我们来看看Db.php中的factory方法
public static function factory($adapter, $config = array())
{
if ($config instanceof Zend_Config) {
$config = $config->toArray();
}
/*
* Convert Zend_Config argument to plain string
* adapter name and separate config object.
*/
if ($adapter instanceof Zend_Config) {
if (isset($adapter->params)) {
$config = $adapter->params->toArray();
}
if (isset($adapter->adapter)) {
$adapter = (string) $adapter->adapter;
} else {
$adapter = null;
}
}
/*
* Verify that adapter parameters are in an array.
*/
if (!is_array($config)) {
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Exception('Adapter parameters must be in an array or a Zend_Config object');
}
/*
* Verify that an adapter name has been specified.
*/
if (!is_string($adapter) || empty($adapter)) {
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Exception('Adapter name must be specified in a string');
}
/*
* Form full adapter class name
*/
$adapterNamespace = 'Zend_Db_Adapter';
if (isset($config['adapterNamespace'])) {
if ($config['adapterNamespace'] != '') {
$adapterNamespace = $config['adapterNamespace'];
}
unset($config['adapterNamespace']);
}
// Adapter no longer normalized- see http://framework.zend.com/issues/browse/ZF-5606
$adapterName = $adapterNamespace . '_';
$adapterName .= str_replace(' ', '_', ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', strtolower($adapter))));
print_r($adapterName);exit;
/*
* Load the adapter class. This throws an exception
* if the specified class cannot be loaded.
*/
if (!class_exists($adapterName)) {
require_once 'Zend/Loader.php';
Zend_Loader::loadClass($adapterName);
}
/*
* Create an instance of the adapter class.
* Pass the config to the adapter class constructor.
*/
$dbAdapter = new $adapterName($config);
/*
* Verify that the object created is a descendent of the abstract adapter type.
*/
if (! $dbAdapter instanceof Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract) {
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Exception("Adapter class '$adapterName' does not extend Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract");
}
return $dbAdapter;
}
点评：这个方法就是核心了，代码量不多，但是作用很明确，它会通过你提供的两个参数，自动生成相应的数据库连接类的对象。具有一定的灵活性，机动性。
主要是其中的
$adapterName = $adapterNamespace . '_';
$adapterName .= str_replace(' ', '_', ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', strtolower($adapter))));
/*
* Load the adapter class. This throws an exception
* if the specified class cannot be loaded.
*/
if (!class_exists($adapterName)) {
require_once 'Zend/Loader.php';
Zend_Loader::loadClass($adapterName);
}
这段代码会引入相应的数据库连接类，比如前面的两个例子，就是分别引入了Zend目录下Db目录下Adapter目录下Pdo目录下的mysql.php类。
不同的数据库，会引入不同的数据库文件。
我们来看看mysql.php类中的内容：
<?php
/**
* Zend Framework
*
* LICENSE
*
* This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled
* with this package in the file LICENSE.txt.
* It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:
* http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd
* If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to
* obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email
* to license@zend.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
*
* @category Zend
* @package Zend_Db
* @subpackage Adapter
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
* @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License
* @version $Id: Mysql.php 24593 2012-01-05 20:35:02Z matthew $
*/
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Abstract
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Pdo/Abstract.php';
/**
* Class for connecting to MySQL databases and performing common operations.
*
* @category Zend
* @package Zend_Db
* @subpackage Adapter
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
* @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License
*/
class Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Mysql extends Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Abstract
{
/**
* PDO type.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $_pdoType = 'mysql';
/**
* Keys are UPPERCASE SQL datatypes or the constants
* Zend_Db::INT_TYPE, Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE, or Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE.
*
* Values are:
* 0 = 32-bit integer
* 1 = 64-bit integer
* 2 = float or decimal
*
* @var array Associative array of datatypes to values 0, 1, or 2.
*/
protected $_numericDataTypes = array(
Zend_Db::INT_TYPE => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,
Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE => Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE,
Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,
'INT' => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,
'INTEGER' => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,
'MEDIUMINT' => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,
'SMALLINT' => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,
'TINYINT' => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,
'BIGINT' => Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE,
'SERIAL' => Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE,
'DEC' => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,
'DECIMAL' => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,
'DOUBLE' => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,
'DOUBLE PRECISION' => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,
'FIXED' => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE,
'FLOAT' => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE
);
/**
* Override _dsn() and ensure that charset is incorporated in mysql
* @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Abstract::_dsn()
*/
protected function _dsn()
{
$dsn = parent::_dsn();
if (isset($this->_config['charset'])) {
$dsn .= ';charset=' . $this->_config['charset'];
}
return $dsn;
}
/**
* Creates a PDO object and connects to the database.
*
* @return void
* @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
protected function _connect()
{
if ($this->_connection) {
return;
}
if (!empty($this->_config['charset'])) {
$initCommand = "SET NAMES '" . $this->_config['charset'] . "'";
$this->_config['driver_options'][1002] = $initCommand; // 1002 = PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND
}
parent::_connect();
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getQuoteIdentifierSymbol()
{
return "`";
}
/**
* Returns a list of the tables in the database.
*
* @return array
*/
public function listTables()
{
return $this->fetchCol('SHOW TABLES');
}
/**
* Returns the column descriptions for a table.
*
* The return value is an associative array keyed by the column name,
* as returned by the RDBMS.
*
* The value of each array element is an associative array
* with the following keys:
*
* SCHEMA_NAME => string; name of database or schema
* TABLE_NAME => string;
* COLUMN_NAME => string; column name
* COLUMN_POSITION => number; ordinal position of column in table
* DATA_TYPE => string; SQL datatype name of column
* DEFAULT => string; default expression of column, null if none
* NULLABLE => boolean; true if column can have nulls
* LENGTH => number; length of CHAR/VARCHAR
* SCALE => number; scale of NUMERIC/DECIMAL
* PRECISION => number; precision of NUMERIC/DECIMAL
* UNSIGNED => boolean; unsigned property of an integer type
* PRIMARY => boolean; true if column is part of the primary key
* PRIMARY_POSITION => integer; position of column in primary key
* IDENTITY => integer; true if column is auto-generated with unique values
*
* @param string $tableName
* @param string $schemaName OPTIONAL
* @return array
*/
public function describeTable($tableName, $schemaName = null)
{
// @todo use INFORMATION_SCHEMA someday when MySQL's
// implementation has reasonably good performance and
// the version with this improvement is in wide use.
if ($schemaName) {
$sql = 'DESCRIBE ' . $this->quoteIdentifier("$schemaName.$tableName", true);
} else {
$sql = 'DESCRIBE ' . $this->quoteIdentifier($tableName, true);
}
$stmt = $this->query($sql);
// Use FETCH_NUM so we are not dependent on the CASE attribute of the PDO connection
$result = $stmt->fetchAll(Zend_Db::FETCH_NUM);
$field = 0;
$type = 1;
$null = 2;
$key = 3;
$default = 4;
$extra = 5;
$desc = array();
$i = 1;
$p = 1;
foreach ($result as $row) {
list($length, $scale, $precision, $unsigned, $primary, $primaryPosition, $identity)
= array(null, null, null, null, false, null, false);
if (preg_match('/unsigned/', $row[$type])) {
$unsigned = true;
}
if (preg_match('/^((?:var)?char)\((\d+)\)/', $row[$type], $matches)) {
$row[$type] = $matches[1];
$length = $matches[2];
} else if (preg_match('/^decimal\((\d+),(\d+)\)/', $row[$type], $matches)) {
$row[$type] = 'decimal';
$precision = $matches[1];
$scale = $matches[2];
} else if (preg_match('/^float\((\d+),(\d+)\)/', $row[$type], $matches)) {
$row[$type] = 'float';
$precision = $matches[1];
$scale = $matches[2];
} else if (preg_match('/^((?:big|medium|small|tiny)?int)\((\d+)\)/', $row[$type], $matches)) {
$row[$type] = $matches[1];
// The optional argument of a MySQL int type is not precision
// or length; it is only a hint for display width.
}
if (strtoupper($row[$key]) == 'PRI') {
$primary = true;
$primaryPosition = $p;
if ($row[$extra] == 'auto_increment') {
$identity = true;
} else {
$identity = false;
}
++$p;
}
$desc[$this->foldCase($row[$field])] = array(
'SCHEMA_NAME' => null, // @todo
'TABLE_NAME' => $this->foldCase($tableName),
'COLUMN_NAME' => $this->foldCase($row[$field]),
'COLUMN_POSITION' => $i,
'DATA_TYPE' => $row[$type],
'DEFAULT' => $row[$default],
'NULLABLE' => (bool) ($row[$null] == 'YES'),
'LENGTH' => $length,
'SCALE' => $scale,
'PRECISION' => $precision,
'UNSIGNED' => $unsigned,
'PRIMARY' => $primary,
'PRIMARY_POSITION' => $primaryPosition,
'IDENTITY' => $identity
);
++$i;
}
return $desc;
}
/**
* Adds an adapter-specific LIMIT clause to the SELECT statement.
*
* @param string $sql
* @param integer $count
* @param integer $offset OPTIONAL
* @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
* @return string
*/
public function limit($sql, $count, $offset = 0)
{
$count = intval($count);
if ($count <= 0) {
/** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("LIMIT argument count=$count is not valid");
}
$offset = intval($offset);
if ($offset < 0) {
/** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("LIMIT argument offset=$offset is not valid");
}
$sql .= " LIMIT $count";
if ($offset > 0) {
$sql .= " OFFSET $offset";
}
return $sql;
}
}
这里又引入了一个Abstract类，抽象类
<?php
/**
* Zend Framework
*
* LICENSE
*
* This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled
* with this package in the file LICENSE.txt.
* It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:
* http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd
* If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to
* obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email
* to license@zend.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
*
* @category Zend
* @package Zend_Db
* @subpackage Adapter
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
* @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License
* @version $Id: Abstract.php 24593 2012-01-05 20:35:02Z matthew $
*/
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Abstract.php';
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Statement_Pdo
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Pdo.php';
/**
* Class for connecting to SQL databases and performing common operations using PDO.
*
* @category Zend
* @package Zend_Db
* @subpackage Adapter
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
* @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License
*/
abstract class Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Abstract extends Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract
{
/**
* Default class name for a DB statement.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $_defaultStmtClass = 'Zend_Db_Statement_Pdo';
/**
* Creates a PDO DSN for the adapter from $this->_config settings.
*
* @return string
*/
protected function _dsn()
{
// baseline of DSN parts
$dsn = $this->_config;
// don't pass the username, password, charset, persistent and driver_options in the DSN
unset($dsn['username']);
unset($dsn['password']);
unset($dsn['options']);
unset($dsn['charset']);
unset($dsn['persistent']);
unset($dsn['driver_options']);
// use all remaining parts in the DSN
foreach ($dsn as $key => $val) {
$dsn[$key] = "$key=$val";
}
return $this->_pdoType . ':' . implode(';', $dsn);
}
/**
* Creates a PDO object and connects to the database.
*
* @return void
* @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
protected function _connect()
{
// if we already have a PDO object, no need to re-connect.
if ($this->_connection) {
return;
}
// get the dsn first, because some adapters alter the $_pdoType
$dsn = $this->_dsn();
// check for PDO extension
if (!extension_loaded('pdo')) {
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception('The PDO extension is required for this adapter but the extension is not loaded');
}
// check the PDO driver is available
if (!in_array($this->_pdoType, PDO::getAvailableDrivers())) {
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception('The ' . $this->_pdoType . ' driver is not currently installed');
}
// create PDO connection
$q = $this->_profiler->queryStart('connect', Zend_Db_Profiler::CONNECT);
// add the persistence flag if we find it in our config array
if (isset($this->_config['persistent']) && ($this->_config['persistent'] == true)) {
$this->_config['driver_options'][PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT] = true;
}
try {
$this->_connection = new PDO(
$dsn,
$this->_config['username'],
$this->_config['password'],
$this->_config['driver_options']
);
$this->_profiler->queryEnd($q);
// set the PDO connection to perform case-folding on array keys, or not
$this->_connection->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_CASE, $this->_caseFolding);
// always use exceptions.
$this->_connection->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception($e->getMessage(), $e->getCode(), $e);
}
}
/**
* Test if a connection is active
*
* @return boolean
*/
public function isConnected()
{
return ((bool) ($this->_connection instanceof PDO));
}
/**
* Force the connection to close.
*
* @return void
*/
public function closeConnection()
{
$this->_connection = null;
}
/**
* Prepares an SQL statement.
*
* @param string $sql The SQL statement with placeholders.
* @param array $bind An array of data to bind to the placeholders.
* @return PDOStatement
*/
public function prepare($sql)
{
$this->_connect();
$stmtClass = $this->_defaultStmtClass;
if (!class_exists($stmtClass)) {
require_once 'Zend/Loader.php';
Zend_Loader::loadClass($stmtClass);
}
$stmt = new $stmtClass($this, $sql);
$stmt->setFetchMode($this->_fetchMode);
return $stmt;
}
/**
* Gets the last ID generated automatically by an IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT column.
*
* As a convention, on RDBMS brands that support sequences
* (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2), this method forms the name of a sequence
* from the arguments and returns the last id generated by that sequence.
* On RDBMS brands that support IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT columns, this method
* returns the last value generated for such a column, and the table name
* argument is disregarded.
*
* On RDBMS brands that don't support sequences, $tableName and $primaryKey
* are ignored.
*
* @param string $tableName OPTIONAL Name of table.
* @param string $primaryKey OPTIONAL Name of primary key column.
* @return string
*/
public function lastInsertId($tableName = null, $primaryKey = null)
{
$this->_connect();
return $this->_connection->lastInsertId();
}
/**
* Special handling for PDO query().
* All bind parameter names must begin with ':'
*
* @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql The SQL statement with placeholders.
* @param array $bind An array of data to bind to the placeholders.
* @return Zend_Db_Statement_Pdo
* @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception To re-throw PDOException.
*/
public function query($sql, $bind = array())
{
if (empty($bind) && $sql instanceof Zend_Db_Select) {
$bind = $sql->getBind();
}
if (is_array($bind)) {
foreach ($bind as $name => $value) {
if (!is_int($name) && !preg_match('/^:/', $name)) {
$newName = ":$name";
unset($bind[$name]);
$bind[$newName] = $value;
}
}
}
try {
return parent::query($sql, $bind);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Statement_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Statement/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Exception($e->getMessage(), $e->getCode(), $e);
}
}
/**
* Executes an SQL statement and return the number of affected rows
*
* @param mixed $sql The SQL statement with placeholders.
* May be a string or Zend_Db_Select.
* @return integer Number of rows that were modified
* or deleted by the SQL statement
*/
public function exec($sql)
{
if ($sql instanceof Zend_Db_Select) {
$sql = $sql->assemble();
}
try {
$affected = $this->getConnection()->exec($sql);
if ($affected === false) {
$errorInfo = $this->getConnection()->errorInfo();
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception($errorInfo[2]);
}
return $affected;
} catch (PDOException $e) {
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception($e->getMessage(), $e->getCode(), $e);
}
}
/**
* Quote a raw string.
*
* @param string $value Raw string
* @return string Quoted string
*/
protected function _quote($value)
{
if (is_int($value) || is_float($value)) {
return $value;
}
$this->_connect();
return $this->_connection->quote($value);
}
/**
* Begin a transaction.
*/
protected function _beginTransaction()
{
$this->_connect();
$this->_connection->beginTransaction();
}
/**
* Commit a transaction.
*/
protected function _commit()
{
$this->_connect();
$this->_connection->commit();
}
/**
* Roll-back a transaction.
*/
protected function _rollBack() {
$this->_connect();
$this->_connection->rollBack();
}
/**
* Set the PDO fetch mode.
*
* @todo Support FETCH_CLASS and FETCH_INTO.
*
* @param int $mode A PDO fetch mode.
* @return void
* @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
public function setFetchMode($mode)
{
//check for PDO extension
if (!extension_loaded('pdo')) {
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception('The PDO extension is required for this adapter but the extension is not loaded');
}
switch ($mode) {
case PDO::FETCH_LAZY:
case PDO::FETCH_ASSOC:
case PDO::FETCH_NUM:
case PDO::FETCH_BOTH:
case PDO::FETCH_NAMED:
case PDO::FETCH_OBJ:
$this->_fetchMode = $mode;
break;
default:
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Invalid fetch mode '$mode' specified");
break;
}
}
/**
* Check if the adapter supports real SQL parameters.
*
* @param string $type 'positional' or 'named'
* @return bool
*/
public function supportsParameters($type)
{
switch ($type) {
case 'positional':
case 'named':
default:
return true;
}
}
/**
* Retrieve server version in PHP style
*
* @return string
*/
public function getServerVersion()
{
$this->_connect();
try {
$version = $this->_connection->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_SERVER_VERSION);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
// In case of the driver doesn't support getting attributes
return null;
}
$matches = null;
if (preg_match('/((?:[0-9]{1,2}\.){1,3}[0-9]{1,2})/', $version, $matches)) {
return $matches[1];
} else {
return null;
}
}
}
这个抽象类中又有另一个核心的抽象类。一些核心的方法都在这里
<?php
/**
* Zend Framework
*
* LICENSE
*
* This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled
* with this package in the file LICENSE.txt.
* It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:
* http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd
* If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to
* obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email
* to license@zend.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
*
* @category Zend
* @package Zend_Db
* @subpackage Adapter
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
* @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License
* @version $Id: Abstract.php 25229 2013-01-18 08:17:21Z frosch $
*/
/**
* @see Zend_Db
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db.php';
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Select
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Select.php';
/**
* Class for connecting to SQL databases and performing common operations.
*
* @category Zend
* @package Zend_Db
* @subpackage Adapter
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
* @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License
*/
abstract class Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract
{
/**
* User-provided configuration
*
* @var array
*/
protected $_config = array();
/**
* Fetch mode
*
* @var integer
*/
protected $_fetchMode = Zend_Db::FETCH_ASSOC;
/**
* Query profiler object, of type Zend_Db_Profiler
* or a subclass of that.
*
* @var Zend_Db_Profiler
*/
protected $_profiler;
/**
* Default class name for a DB statement.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $_defaultStmtClass = 'Zend_Db_Statement';
/**
* Default class name for the profiler object.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $_defaultProfilerClass = 'Zend_Db_Profiler';
/**
* Database connection
*
* @var object|resource|null
*/
protected $_connection = null;
/**
* Specifies the case of column names retrieved in queries
* Options
* Zend_Db::CASE_NATURAL (default)
* Zend_Db::CASE_LOWER
* Zend_Db::CASE_UPPER
*
* @var integer
*/
protected $_caseFolding = Zend_Db::CASE_NATURAL;
/**
* Specifies whether the adapter automatically quotes identifiers.
* If true, most SQL generated by Zend_Db classes applies
* identifier quoting automatically.
* If false, developer must quote identifiers themselves
* by calling quoteIdentifier().
*
* @var bool
*/
protected $_autoQuoteIdentifiers = true;
/**
* Keys are UPPERCASE SQL datatypes or the constants
* Zend_Db::INT_TYPE, Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE, or Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE.
*
* Values are:
* 0 = 32-bit integer
* 1 = 64-bit integer
* 2 = float or decimal
*
* @var array Associative array of datatypes to values 0, 1, or 2.
*/
protected $_numericDataTypes = array(
Zend_Db::INT_TYPE => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE,
Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE => Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE,
Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE
);
/** Weither or not that object can get serialized
*
* @var bool
*/
protected $_allowSerialization = true;
/**
* Weither or not the database should be reconnected
* to that adapter when waking up
*
* @var bool
*/
protected $_autoReconnectOnUnserialize = false;
/**
* Constructor.
*
* $config is an array of key/value pairs or an instance of Zend_Config
* containing configuration options. These options are common to most adapters:
*
* dbname => (string) The name of the database to user
* username => (string) Connect to the database as this username.
* password => (string) Password associated with the username.
* host => (string) What host to connect to, defaults to localhost
*
* Some options are used on a case-by-case basis by adapters:
*
* port => (string) The port of the database
* persistent => (boolean) Whether to use a persistent connection or not, defaults to false
* protocol => (string) The network protocol, defaults to TCPIP
* caseFolding => (int) style of case-alteration used for identifiers
* socket => (string) The socket or named pipe that should be used
*
* @param array|Zend_Config $config An array or instance of Zend_Config having configuration data
* @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
public function __construct($config)
{
/*
* Verify that adapter parameters are in an array.
*/
if (!is_array($config)) {
/*
* Convert Zend_Config argument to a plain array.
*/
if ($config instanceof Zend_Config) {
$config = $config->toArray();
} else {
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception('Adapter parameters must be in an array or a Zend_Config object');
}
}
$this->_checkRequiredOptions($config);
$options = array(
Zend_Db::CASE_FOLDING => $this->_caseFolding,
Zend_Db::AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS => $this->_autoQuoteIdentifiers,
Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE => $this->_fetchMode,
);
$driverOptions = array();
/*
* normalize the config and merge it with the defaults
*/
if (array_key_exists('options', $config)) {
// can't use array_merge() because keys might be integers
foreach ((array) $config['options'] as $key => $value) {
$options[$key] = $value;
}
}
if (array_key_exists('driver_options', $config)) {
if (!empty($config['driver_options'])) {
// can't use array_merge() because keys might be integers
foreach ((array) $config['driver_options'] as $key => $value) {
$driverOptions[$key] = $value;
}
}
}
if (!isset($config['charset'])) {
$config['charset'] = null;
}
if (!isset($config['persistent'])) {
$config['persistent'] = false;
}
$this->_config = array_merge($this->_config, $config);
$this->_config['options'] = $options;
$this->_config['driver_options'] = $driverOptions;
// obtain the case setting, if there is one
if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::CASE_FOLDING, $options)) {
$case = (int) $options[Zend_Db::CASE_FOLDING];
switch ($case) {
case Zend_Db::CASE_LOWER:
case Zend_Db::CASE_UPPER:
case Zend_Db::CASE_NATURAL:
$this->_caseFolding = $case;
break;
default:
/** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception('Case must be one of the following constants: '
. 'Zend_Db::CASE_NATURAL, Zend_Db::CASE_LOWER, Zend_Db::CASE_UPPER');
}
}
if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE, $options)) {
if (is_string($options[Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE])) {
$constant = 'Zend_Db::FETCH_' . strtoupper($options[Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE]);
if(defined($constant)) {
$options[Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE] = constant($constant);
}
}
$this->setFetchMode((int) $options[Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE]);
}
// obtain quoting property if there is one
if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS, $options)) {
$this->_autoQuoteIdentifiers = (bool) $options[Zend_Db::AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS];
}
// obtain allow serialization property if there is one
if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::ALLOW_SERIALIZATION, $options)) {
$this->_allowSerialization = (bool) $options[Zend_Db::ALLOW_SERIALIZATION];
}
// obtain auto reconnect on unserialize property if there is one
if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::AUTO_RECONNECT_ON_UNSERIALIZE, $options)) {
$this->_autoReconnectOnUnserialize = (bool) $options[Zend_Db::AUTO_RECONNECT_ON_UNSERIALIZE];
}
// create a profiler object
$profiler = false;
if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::PROFILER, $this->_config)) {
$profiler = $this->_config[Zend_Db::PROFILER];
unset($this->_config[Zend_Db::PROFILER]);
}
$this->setProfiler($profiler);
}
/**
* Check for config options that are mandatory.
* Throw exceptions if any are missing.
*
* @param array $config
* @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
protected function _checkRequiredOptions(array $config)
{
// we need at least a dbname
if (! array_key_exists('dbname', $config)) {
/** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Configuration array must have a key for 'dbname' that names the database instance");
}
if (! array_key_exists('password', $config)) {
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Configuration array must have a key for 'password' for login credentials");
}
if (! array_key_exists('username', $config)) {
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Configuration array must have a key for 'username' for login credentials");
}
}
/**
* Returns the underlying database connection object or resource.
* If not presently connected, this initiates the connection.
*
* @return object|resource|null
*/
public function getConnection()
{
$this->_connect();
return $this->_connection;
}
/**
* Returns the configuration variables in this adapter.
*
* @return array
*/
public function getConfig()
{
return $this->_config;
}
/**
* Set the adapter's profiler object.
*
* The argument may be a boolean, an associative array, an instance of
* Zend_Db_Profiler, or an instance of Zend_Config.
*
* A boolean argument sets the profiler to enabled if true, or disabled if
* false. The profiler class is the adapter's default profiler class,
* Zend_Db_Profiler.
*
* An instance of Zend_Db_Profiler sets the adapter's instance to that
* object. The profiler is enabled and disabled separately.
*
* An associative array argument may contain any of the keys 'enabled',
* 'class', and 'instance'. The 'enabled' and 'instance' keys correspond to the
* boolean and object types documented above. The 'class' key is used to name a
* class to use for a custom profiler. The class must be Zend_Db_Profiler or a
* subclass. The class is instantiated with no constructor arguments. The 'class'
* option is ignored when the 'instance' option is supplied.
*
* An object of type Zend_Config may contain the properties 'enabled', 'class', and
* 'instance', just as if an associative array had been passed instead.
*
* @param Zend_Db_Profiler|Zend_Config|array|boolean $profiler
* @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract Provides a fluent interface
* @throws Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception if the object instance or class specified
* is not Zend_Db_Profiler or an extension of that class.
*/
public function setProfiler($profiler)
{
$enabled = null;
$profilerClass = $this->_defaultProfilerClass;
$profilerInstance = null;
if ($profilerIsObject = is_object($profiler)) {
if ($profiler instanceof Zend_Db_Profiler) {
$profilerInstance = $profiler;
} else if ($profiler instanceof Zend_Config) {
$profiler = $profiler->toArray();
} else {
/**
* @see Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception
*/
require_once 'Zend/Db/Profiler/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception('Profiler argument must be an instance of either Zend_Db_Profiler'
. ' or Zend_Config when provided as an object');
}
}
if (is_array($profiler)) {
if (isset($profiler['enabled'])) {
$enabled = (bool) $profiler['enabled'];
}
if (isset($profiler['class'])) {
$profilerClass = $profiler['class'];
}
if (isset($profiler['instance'])) {
$profilerInstance = $profiler['instance'];
}
} else if (!$profilerIsObject) {
$enabled = (bool) $profiler;
}
if ($profilerInstance === null) {
if (!class_exists($profilerClass)) {
require_once 'Zend/Loader.php';
Zend_Loader::loadClass($profilerClass);
}
$profilerInstance = new $profilerClass();
}
if (!$profilerInstance instanceof Zend_Db_Profiler) {
/** @see Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception */
require_once 'Zend/Db/Profiler/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception('Class ' . get_class($profilerInstance) . ' does not extend '
. 'Zend_Db_Profiler');
}
if (null !== $enabled) {
$profilerInstance->setEnabled($enabled);
}
$this->_profiler = $profilerInstance;
return $this;
}
/**
* Returns the profiler for this adapter.
*
* @return Zend_Db_Profiler
*/
public function getProfiler()
{
return $this->_profiler;
}
/**
* Get the default statement class.
*
* @return string
*/
public function getStatementClass()
{
return $this->_defaultStmtClass;
}
/**
* Set the default statement class.
*
* @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract Fluent interface
*/
public function setStatementClass($class)
{
$this->_defaultStmtClass = $class;
return $this;
}
/**
* Prepares and executes an SQL statement with bound data.
*
* @param mixed $sql The SQL statement with placeholders.
* May be a string or Zend_Db_Select.
* @param mixed $bind An array of data to bind to the placeholders.
* @return Zend_Db_Statement_Interface
*/
public function query($sql, $bind = array())
{
// connect to the database if needed
$this->_connect();
// is the $sql a Zend_Db_Select object?
if ($sql instanceof Zend_Db_Select) {
if (empty($bind)) {
$bind = $sql->getBind();
}
$sql = $sql->assemble();
}
// make sure $bind to an array;
// don't use (array) typecasting because
// because $bind may be a Zend_Db_Expr object
if (!is_array($bind)) {
$bind = array($bind);
}
// prepare and execute the statement with profiling
$stmt = $this->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute($bind);
// return the results embedded in the prepared statement object
$stmt->setFetchMode($this->_fetchMode);
return $stmt;
}
/**
* Leave autocommit mode and begin a transaction.
*
* @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract
*/
public function beginTransaction()
{
$this->_connect();
$q = $this->_profiler->queryStart('begin', Zend_Db_Profiler::TRANSACTION);
$this->_beginTransaction();
$this->_profiler->queryEnd($q);
return $this;
}
/**
* Commit a transaction and return to autocommit mode.
*
* @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract
*/
public function commit()
{
$this->_connect();
$q = $this->_profiler->queryStart('commit', Zend_Db_Profiler::TRANSACTION);
$this->_commit();
$this->_profiler->queryEnd($q);
return $this;
}
/**
* Roll back a transaction and return to autocommit mode.
*
* @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract
*/
public function rollBack()
{
$this->_connect();
$q = $this->_profiler->queryStart('rollback', Zend_Db_Profiler::TRANSACTION);
$this->_rollBack();
$this->_profiler->queryEnd($q);
return $this;
}
/**
* Inserts a table row with specified data.
*
* @param mixed $table The table to insert data into.
* @param array $bind Column-value pairs.
* @return int The number of affected rows.
* @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
public function insert($table, array $bind)
{
// extract and quote col names from the array keys
$cols = array();
$vals = array();
$i = 0;
foreach ($bind as $col => $val) {
$cols[] = $this->quoteIdentifier($col, true);
if ($val instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {
$vals[] = $val->__toString();
unset($bind[$col]);
} else {
if ($this->supportsParameters('positional')) {
$vals[] = '?';
} else {
if ($this->supportsParameters('named')) {
unset($bind[$col]);
$bind[':col'.$i] = $val;
$vals[] = ':col'.$i;
$i++;
} else {
/** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception(get_class($this) ." doesn't support positional or named binding");
}
}
}
}
// build the statement
$sql = "INSERT INTO "
. $this->quoteIdentifier($table, true)
. ' (' . implode(', ', $cols) . ') '
. 'VALUES (' . implode(', ', $vals) . ')';
// execute the statement and return the number of affected rows
if ($this->supportsParameters('positional')) {
$bind = array_values($bind);
}
$stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);
$result = $stmt->rowCount();
return $result;
}
/**
* Updates table rows with specified data based on a WHERE clause.
*
* @param mixed $table The table to update.
* @param array $bind Column-value pairs.
* @param mixed $where UPDATE WHERE clause(s).
* @return int The number of affected rows.
* @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
public function update($table, array $bind, $where = '')
{
/**
* Build "col = ?" pairs for the statement,
* except for Zend_Db_Expr which is treated literally.
*/
$set = array();
$i = 0;
foreach ($bind as $col => $val) {
if ($val instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {
$val = $val->__toString();
unset($bind[$col]);
} else {
if ($this->supportsParameters('positional')) {
$val = '?';
} else {
if ($this->supportsParameters('named')) {
unset($bind[$col]);
$bind[':col'.$i] = $val;
$val = ':col'.$i;
$i++;
} else {
/** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception(get_class($this) ." doesn't support positional or named binding");
}
}
}
$set[] = $this->quoteIdentifier($col, true) . ' = ' . $val;
}
$where = $this->_whereExpr($where);
/**
* Build the UPDATE statement
*/
$sql = "UPDATE "
. $this->quoteIdentifier($table, true)
. ' SET ' . implode(', ', $set)
. (($where) ? " WHERE $where" : '');
/**
* Execute the statement and return the number of affected rows
*/
if ($this->supportsParameters('positional')) {
$stmt = $this->query($sql, array_values($bind));
} else {
$stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);
}
$result = $stmt->rowCount();
return $result;
}
/**
* Deletes table rows based on a WHERE clause.
*
* @param mixed $table The table to update.
* @param mixed $where DELETE WHERE clause(s).
* @return int The number of affected rows.
*/
public function delete($table, $where = '')
{
$where = $this->_whereExpr($where);
/**
* Build the DELETE statement
*/
$sql = "DELETE FROM "
. $this->quoteIdentifier($table, true)
. (($where) ? " WHERE $where" : '');
/**
* Execute the statement and return the number of affected rows
*/
$stmt = $this->query($sql);
$result = $stmt->rowCount();
return $result;
}
/**
* Convert an array, string, or Zend_Db_Expr object
* into a string to put in a WHERE clause.
*
* @param mixed $where
* @return string
*/
protected function _whereExpr($where)
{
if (empty($where)) {
return $where;
}
if (!is_array($where)) {
$where = array($where);
}
foreach ($where as $cond => &$term) {
// is $cond an int? (i.e. Not a condition)
if (is_int($cond)) {
// $term is the full condition
if ($term instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {
$term = $term->__toString();
}
} else {
// $cond is the condition with placeholder,
// and $term is quoted into the condition
$term = $this->quoteInto($cond, $term);
}
$term = '(' . $term . ')';
}
$where = implode(' AND ', $where);
return $where;
}
/**
* Creates and returns a new Zend_Db_Select object for this adapter.
*
* @return Zend_Db_Select
*/
public function select()
{
return new Zend_Db_Select($this);
}
/**
* Get the fetch mode.
*
* @return int
*/
public function getFetchMode()
{
return $this->_fetchMode;
}
/**
* Fetches all SQL result rows as a sequential array.
* Uses the current fetchMode for the adapter.
*
* @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement.
* @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders.
* @param mixed $fetchMode Override current fetch mode.
* @return array
*/
public function fetchAll($sql, $bind = array(), $fetchMode = null)
{
if ($fetchMode === null) {
$fetchMode = $this->_fetchMode;
}
$stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);
$result = $stmt->fetchAll($fetchMode);
return $result;
}
/**
* Fetches the first row of the SQL result.
* Uses the current fetchMode for the adapter.
*
* @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement.
* @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders.
* @param mixed $fetchMode Override current fetch mode.
* @return mixed Array, object, or scalar depending on fetch mode.
*/
public function fetchRow($sql, $bind = array(), $fetchMode = null)
{
if ($fetchMode === null) {
$fetchMode = $this->_fetchMode;
}
$stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);
$result = $stmt->fetch($fetchMode);
return $result;
}
/**
* Fetches all SQL result rows as an associative array.
*
* The first column is the key, the entire row array is the
* value. You should construct the query to be sure that
* the first column contains unique values, or else
* rows with duplicate values in the first column will
* overwrite previous data.
*
* @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement.
* @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders.
* @return array
*/
public function fetchAssoc($sql, $bind = array())
{
$stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);
$data = array();
while ($row = $stmt->fetch(Zend_Db::FETCH_ASSOC)) {
$tmp = array_values(array_slice($row, 0, 1));
$data[$tmp[0]] = $row;
}
return $data;
}
/**
* Fetches the first column of all SQL result rows as an array.
*
* @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement.
* @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders.
* @return array
*/
public function fetchCol($sql, $bind = array())
{
$stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);
$result = $stmt->fetchAll(Zend_Db::FETCH_COLUMN, 0);
return $result;
}
/**
* Fetches all SQL result rows as an array of key-value pairs.
*
* The first column is the key, the second column is the
* value.
*
* @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement.
* @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders.
* @return array
*/
public function fetchPairs($sql, $bind = array())
{
$stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);
$data = array();
while ($row = $stmt->fetch(Zend_Db::FETCH_NUM)) {
$data[$row[0]] = $row[1];
}
return $data;
}
/**
* Fetches the first column of the first row of the SQL result.
*
* @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement.
* @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders.
* @return string
*/
public function fetchOne($sql, $bind = array())
{
$stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind);
$result = $stmt->fetchColumn(0);
return $result;
}
/**
* Quote a raw string.
*
* @param string $value Raw string
* @return string Quoted string
*/
protected function _quote($value)
{
if (is_int($value)) {
return $value;
} elseif (is_float($value)) {
return sprintf('%F', $value);
}
return "'" . addcslashes($value, "\000\n\r\\'\"\032") . "'";
}
/**
* Safely quotes a value for an SQL statement.
*
* If an array is passed as the value, the array values are quoted
* and then returned as a comma-separated string.
*
* @param mixed $value The value to quote.
* @param mixed $type OPTIONAL the SQL datatype name, or constant, or null.
* @return mixed An SQL-safe quoted value (or string of separated values).
*/
public function quote($value, $type = null)
{
$this->_connect();
if ($value instanceof Zend_Db_Select) {
return '(' . $value->assemble() . ')';
}
if ($value instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {
return $value->__toString();
}
if (is_array($value)) {
foreach ($value as &$val) {
$val = $this->quote($val, $type);
}
return implode(', ', $value);
}
if ($type !== null && array_key_exists($type = strtoupper($type), $this->_numericDataTypes)) {
$quotedValue = '0';
switch ($this->_numericDataTypes[$type]) {
case Zend_Db::INT_TYPE: // 32-bit integer
$quotedValue = (string) intval($value);
break;
case Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE: // 64-bit integer
// ANSI SQL-style hex literals (e.g. x'[\dA-F]+')
// are not supported here, because these are string
// literals, not numeric literals.
if (preg_match('/^(
[+-]? # optional sign
(?:
0[Xx][\da-fA-F]+ # ODBC-style hexadecimal
|\d+ # decimal or octal, or MySQL ZEROFILL decimal
(?:[eE][+-]?\d+)? # optional exponent on decimals or octals
)
)/x',
(string) $value, $matches)) {
$quotedValue = $matches[1];
}
break;
case Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE: // float or decimal
$quotedValue = sprintf('%F', $value);
}
return $quotedValue;
}
return $this->_quote($value);
}
/**
* Quotes a value and places into a piece of text at a placeholder.
*
* The placeholder is a question-mark; all placeholders will be replaced
* with the quoted value. For example:
*
* <code>
* $text = "WHERE date < ?";
* $date = "2005-01-02";
* $safe = $sql->quoteInto($text, $date);
* // $safe = "WHERE date < '2005-01-02'"
* </code>
*
* @param string $text The text with a placeholder.
* @param mixed $value The value to quote.
* @param string $type OPTIONAL SQL datatype
* @param integer $count OPTIONAL count of placeholders to replace
* @return string An SQL-safe quoted value placed into the original text.
*/
public function quoteInto($text, $value, $type = null, $count = null)
{
if ($count === null) {
return str_replace('?', $this->quote($value, $type), $text);
} else {
while ($count > 0) {
if (strpos($text, '?') !== false) {
$text = substr_replace($text, $this->quote($value, $type), strpos($text, '?'), 1);
}
--$count;
}
return $text;
}
}
/**
* Quotes an identifier.
*
* Accepts a string representing a qualified indentifier. For Example:
* <code>
* $adapter->quoteIdentifier('myschema.mytable')
* </code>
* Returns: "myschema"."mytable"
*
* Or, an array of one or more identifiers that may form a qualified identifier:
* <code>
* $adapter->quoteIdentifier(array('myschema','my.table'))
* </code>
* Returns: "myschema"."my.table"
*
* The actual quote character surrounding the identifiers may vary depending on
* the adapter.
*
* @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier.
* @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.
* @return string The quoted identifier.
*/
public function quoteIdentifier($ident, $auto=false)
{
return $this->_quoteIdentifierAs($ident, null, $auto);
}
/**
* Quote a column identifier and alias.
*
* @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier or expression.
* @param string $alias An alias for the column.
* @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.
* @return string The quoted identifier and alias.
*/
public function quoteColumnAs($ident, $alias, $auto=false)
{
return $this->_quoteIdentifierAs($ident, $alias, $auto);
}
/**
* Quote a table identifier and alias.
*
* @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier or expression.
* @param string $alias An alias for the table.
* @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.
* @return string The quoted identifier and alias.
*/
public function quoteTableAs($ident, $alias = null, $auto = false)
{
return $this->_quoteIdentifierAs($ident, $alias, $auto);
}
/**
* Quote an identifier and an optional alias.
*
* @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier or expression.
* @param string $alias An optional alias.
* @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.
* @param string $as The string to add between the identifier/expression and the alias.
* @return string The quoted identifier and alias.
*/
protected function _quoteIdentifierAs($ident, $alias = null, $auto = false, $as = ' AS ')
{
if ($ident instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {
$quoted = $ident->__toString();
} elseif ($ident instanceof Zend_Db_Select) {
$quoted = '(' . $ident->assemble() . ')';
} else {
if (is_string($ident)) {
$ident = explode('.', $ident);
}
if (is_array($ident)) {
$segments = array();
foreach ($ident as $segment) {
if ($segment instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {
$segments[] = $segment->__toString();
} else {
$segments[] = $this->_quoteIdentifier($segment, $auto);
}
}
if ($alias !== null && end($ident) == $alias) {
$alias = null;
}
$quoted = implode('.', $segments);
} else {
$quoted = $this->_quoteIdentifier($ident, $auto);
}
}
if ($alias !== null) {
$quoted .= $as . $this->_quoteIdentifier($alias, $auto);
}
return $quoted;
}
/**
* Quote an identifier.
*
* @param string $value The identifier or expression.
* @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.
* @return string The quoted identifier and alias.
*/
protected function _quoteIdentifier($value, $auto=false)
{
if ($auto === false || $this->_autoQuoteIdentifiers === true) {
$q = $this->getQuoteIdentifierSymbol();
return ($q . str_replace("$q", "$q$q", $value) . $q);
}
return $value;
}
/**
* Returns the symbol the adapter uses for delimited identifiers.
*
* @return string
*/
public function getQuoteIdentifierSymbol()
{
return '"';
}
/**
* Return the most recent value from the specified sequence in the database.
* This is supported only on RDBMS brands that support sequences
* (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2). Other RDBMS brands return null.
*
* @param string $sequenceName
* @return string
*/
public function lastSequenceId($sequenceName)
{
return null;
}
/**
* Generate a new value from the specified sequence in the database, and return it.
* This is supported only on RDBMS brands that support sequences
* (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2). Other RDBMS brands return null.
*
* @param string $sequenceName
* @return string
*/
public function nextSequenceId($sequenceName)
{
return null;
}
/**
* Helper method to change the case of the strings used
* when returning result sets in FETCH_ASSOC and FETCH_BOTH
* modes.
*
* This is not intended to be used by application code,
* but the method must be public so the Statement class
* can invoke it.
*
* @param string $key
* @return string
*/
public function foldCase($key)
{
switch ($this->_caseFolding) {
case Zend_Db::CASE_LOWER:
$value = strtolower((string) $key);
break;
case Zend_Db::CASE_UPPER:
$value = strtoupper((string) $key);
break;
case Zend_Db::CASE_NATURAL:
default:
$value = (string) $key;
}
return $value;
}
/**
* called when object is getting serialized
* This disconnects the DB object that cant be serialized
*
* @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
* @return array
*/
public function __sleep()
{
if ($this->_allowSerialization == false) {
/** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */
require_once 'Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php';
throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception(get_class($this) ." is not allowed to be serialized");
}
$this->_connection = false;
return array_keys(array_diff_key(get_object_vars($this), array('_connection'=>false)));
}
/**
* called when object is getting unserialized
*
* @return void
*/
public function __wakeup()
{
if ($this->_autoReconnectOnUnserialize == true) {
$this->getConnection();
}
}
/**
* Abstract Methods
*/
/**
* Returns a list of the tables in the database.
*
* @return array
*/
abstract public function listTables();
/**
* Returns the column descriptions for a table.
*
* The return value is an associative array keyed by the column name,
* as returned by the RDBMS.
*
* The value of each array element is an associative array
* with the following keys:
*
* SCHEMA_NAME => string; name of database or schema
* TABLE_NAME => string;
* COLUMN_NAME => string; column name
* COLUMN_POSITION => number; ordinal position of column in table
* DATA_TYPE => string; SQL datatype name of column
* DEFAULT => string; default expression of column, null if none
* NULLABLE => boolean; true if column can have nulls
* LENGTH => number; length of CHAR/VARCHAR
* SCALE => number; scale of NUMERIC/DECIMAL
* PRECISION => number; precision of NUMERIC/DECIMAL
* UNSIGNED => boolean; unsigned property of an integer type
* PRIMARY => boolean; true if column is part of the primary key
* PRIMARY_POSITION => integer; position of column in primary key
*
* @param string $tableName
* @param string $schemaName OPTIONAL
* @return array
*/
abstract public function describeTable($tableName, $schemaName = null);
/**
* Creates a connection to the database.
*
* @return void
*/
abstract protected function _connect();
/**
* Test if a connection is active
*
* @return boolean
*/
abstract public function isConnected();
/**
* Force the connection to close.
*
* @return void
*/
abstract public function closeConnection();
/**
* Prepare a statement and return a PDOStatement-like object.
*
* @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql SQL query
* @return Zend_Db_Statement|PDOStatement
*/
abstract public function prepare($sql);
/**
* Gets the last ID generated automatically by an IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT column.
*
* As a convention, on RDBMS brands that support sequences
* (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2), this method forms the name of a sequence
* from the arguments and returns the last id generated by that sequence.
* On RDBMS brands that support IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT columns, this method
* returns the last value generated for such a column, and the table name
* argument is disregarded.
*
* @param string $tableName OPTIONAL Name of table.
* @param string $primaryKey OPTIONAL Name of primary key column.
* @return string
*/
abstract public function lastInsertId($tableName = null, $primaryKey = null);
/**
* Begin a transaction.
*/
abstract protected function _beginTransaction();
/**
* Commit a transaction.
*/
abstract protected function _commit();
/**
* Roll-back a transaction.
*/
abstract protected function _rollBack();
/**
* Set the fetch mode.
*
* @param integer $mode
* @return void
* @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
*/
abstract public function setFetchMode($mode);
/**
* Adds an adapter-specific LIMIT clause to the SELECT statement.
*
* @param mixed $sql
* @param integer $count
* @param integer $offset
* @return string
*/
abstract public function limit($sql, $count, $offset = 0);
/**
* Check if the adapter supports real SQL parameters.
*
* @param string $type 'positional' or 'named'
* @return bool
*/
abstract public function supportsParameters($type);
/**
* Retrieve server version in PHP style
*
* @return string
*/
abstract public function getServerVersion();
}
到此，我已经晕了。你呢？？？
哈哈哈。。。
下面看一些简单的案例
插入数据到数据库：
<?php
require_once 'Zend/Db.php';
$params = array('host'=>'127.0.0.1',
'username'=>'root',
'password'=>'',
'dbname'=>'test'
);
$db = Zend_Db::factory('PDO_Mysql',$params);
$row = array(
'username'=>'Jiqing',
'password'=>'jiqing90061234'
);
$table = 'user';
$res = $db->insert($table,$row);
if($res){
echo "成功插入新的记录！";
echo "<p>";
$last_insert_id = $db->lastInsertId($table);
echo "新记录的ID值为：";
echo $last_insert_id;
echo "<p>";
echo "其内容为：";
$sql = "select * from $table where id=$last_insert_id";
$result = $db->fetchRow($sql);
echo "<p>";
foreach($result as $key=>$val){
echo $key;
echo "值为：";
echo $val;
echo "<p>";
}
}else{
echo "插入数据有误";
}
结果为：
成功插入新的记录！ 新记录的ID值为：13 其内容为： id值为：13 username值为：Jiqing password值为：jiqing90061234
修改update方法
删除delete方法
都大同小异，首先连接数据库，然后填写相应参数，执行即可。
查询方法总结：
fetchAll()匹配查询结果，返回一个连续的数组。
fetchAssoc()匹配查询结果，返回一个联合的数组。
fetchCol()匹配结果的第一列，返回一个数组。
fetchOne()陪陪查询结果的第一列与第一行的值，返回一个字符串。
fetchRow()匹配查询结果的第一行，返回一个数组。
常用的是第一个和最后一个方法，其他的方法用的不是很多。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网！
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