Oracle 11g 数据装载的几种方式
数据的装载: SQL*LOADER 外部表 导入/导出 SQL*LOADER: SQL*LOADER是一个Oracle工具,能够将数据从外部数据文件装载到数据库中
数据的装载:
SQL*LOADER:
SQL*LOADER是一个Oracle工具,,能够将数据从外部数据文件装载到数据库中。
运行SQL*LOADER的命令是sqlldr。
Sqlldr的两种使用方式:
1. 只使用一个控制文件,在这个控制文件中包含数据
2. 使用一个控制文件(作为模板) 和一个数据文件
一般采用第二种方式,数据文件可以是 CSV 文件、txt文件或者以其他分割符分隔的。
说明:操作类型 可用以下中的一值:
1) insert --为缺省方式,在数据装载开始时要求表为空
2) append --在表中追加新记录
3) replace --删除旧记录(用 delete from table 语句),替换成新装载的记录
4) truncate --删除旧记录(用 truncate table 语句),替换成新装载的记录
通过spool来制作数据文件:--可以查询帮助文档的示例代码
SQL> spool /u01/app/oracle/test_data_loader/student.txt--开启spool导出数据文件
SQL> select id ||',' || name ||',' || age ||',' || inner_date from student;--导出数据
ID||','||NAME||','||AGE||','||INNER_DATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1,zhangsan,21,23-JAN-15
2,lisi,22,23-JAN-15
3,wangwu,23,23-JAN-15
SQL> spool off;--关闭
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost test_data_loader]$ cat student.txt--可以查看到导出的数据记录
SQL> select id ||',' || name ||',' || age ||',' || inner_date from student;
ID||','||NAME||','||AGE||','||INNER_DATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1,zhangsan,21,23-JAN-15
2,lisi,22,23-JAN-15
3,wangwu,23,23-JAN-15
SQL> spool off;
写配置文件:
[oracle@localhost test_data_loader]$ vi student.ctl
[oracle@localhost test_data_loader]$ cat student.ctl
options(skip=4)--表示前面的四行
load data--导入数据
infile 'student.txt'--通过该文件导入数据
into table student--导入的表
insert--执行的是插入操作
fields terminated by ','--记录中的分割符
(
id char,--注意虽然表中是number类型,但是要写char类型
name char,
age char,
inner_date date nullif (inner_date = "null"))
[oracle@localhost test_data_loader]$
既然是insert操作所以:
SQL> truncate table student;--清空表,由于执行的是插入操作
Table truncated.
SQL> select * from student;
no rows selected
执行sqlldr操作:
[oracle@localhost test_data_loader]$ sqlldr hr/hr control= student.ctl log = student.log
SQL*Loader: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Jan 23 23:11:08 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Commit point reached - logical record count 4
[oracle@localhost test_data_loader]$ cat student.log
SQL*Loader: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Jan 23 23:11:08 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Control File: student.ctl
Data File: student.txt
Bad File: student.bad
Discard File: none specified
(Allow all discards)
Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 4
Errors allowed: 50
Bind array: 64 rows, maximum of 256000 bytes
Continuation: none specified
Path used: Conventional
Table STUDENT, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: INSERT
Column Name Position Len Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
ID FIRST * , CHARACTER
NAME NEXT * , CHARACTER
AGE NEXT * , CHARACTER
INNER_DATE NEXT * , DATE DD-MON-RR
NULL if INNER_DATE = 0X6e756c6c(character 'null')
Record 4: Rejected - Error on table STUDENT, column ID.
Column not found before end of logical record (use TRAILING NULLCOLS)
Table STUDENT:
3 Rows successfully loaded.
1 Row not loaded due to data errors.
0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.
Space allocated for bind array: 66048 bytes(64 rows)
Read buffer bytes: 1048576