基于springboot的RestTemplate、okhttp和HttpClient对比分析

1、httpclient：代码复杂，还得操心资源回收等。代码很复杂，冗余代码多，不建议直接使用。

2、resttemplate： 是 spring 提供的用于访问rest服务的客户端， resttemplate 提供了多种便捷访问远程http服务的方法,能够大大提高客户端的编写效率。

引入jar包：

  <dependency>
            <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
            <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>
        </dependency>

添加初始化配置（也可以不配，有默认的）--注意resttemplate只有初始化配置，没有什么连接池

package com.itunion.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.clienthttprequestfactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.simpleclienthttprequestfactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.resttemplate;

@configuration
public class apiconfig {
    @bean
    public resttemplate resttemplate(clienthttprequestfactory factory) {
        return new resttemplate(factory);
    }

    @bean
    public clienthttprequestfactory simpleclienthttprequestfactory() {
        simpleclienthttprequestfactory factory = new simpleclienthttprequestfactory();//默认的是jdk提供http连接，需要的话可以//通过setrequestfactory方法替换为例如apache httpcomponents、netty或//okhttp等其它http library。
        factory.setreadtimeout(5000);//单位为ms
        factory.setconnecttimeout(5000);//单位为ms
        return factory;
    }
}

　　1）get请求（不带参的即把参数取消即可）

// 1-getforobject()
user user1 = this.resttemplate.getforobject(uri, user.class);

// 2-getforentity()
responseentity<user> responseentity1 = this.resttemplate.getforentity(uri, user.class);
httpstatus statuscode = responseentity1.getstatuscode();
httpheaders header = responseentity1.getheaders();
user user2 = responseentity1.getbody();
  
// 3-exchange()
requestentity requestentity = requestentity.get(new uri(uri)).build();
responseentity<user> responseentity2 = this.resttemplate.exchange(requestentity, user.class);
user user3 = responseentity2.getbody();

　　　　方式一：

notice notice = resttemplate.getforobject("http://fantj.top/notice/list/{1}/{2}"
                , notice.class,1,5);

　　　　方式二：

map<string,string> map = new hashmap();
        map.put("start","1");
        map.put("page","5");
        notice notice = resttemplate.getforobject("http://fantj.top/notice/list/"
                , notice.class,map);

　　2）post请求：

// 1-postforobject()
user user1 = this.resttemplate.postforobject(uri, user, user.class);

// 2-postforentity()
responseentity<user> responseentity1 = this.resttemplate.postforentity(uri, user, user.class);

// 3-exchange()
requestentity<user> requestentity = requestentity.post(new uri(uri)).body(user);
responseentity<user> responseentity2 = this.resttemplate.exchange(requestentity, user.class);

　　方式一：

string url = "http://demo/api/book/";
        httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
        mediatype type = mediatype.parsemediatype("application/json; charset=utf-8");
        headers.setcontenttype(type);
        string requestjson = "{...}";
        httpentity<string> entity = new httpentity<string>(requestjson,headers);
        string result = resttemplate.postforobject(url, entity, string.class);
        system.out.println(result);

　　方式二：

@test
public void rtpostobject(){
    resttemplate resttemplate = new resttemplate();
    string url = "http://47.xxx.xxx.96/register/checkemail";
    httpheaders headers = new httpheaders();
    headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_form_urlencoded);
    multivaluemap<string, string> map= new linkedmultivaluemap<>();
    map.add("email", "[e-mail]");
 
    httpentity<multivaluemap<string, string>> request = new httpentity<>(map, headers);
    responseentity<string> response = resttemplate.postforentity( url, request , string.class );
    system.out.println(response.getbody());
}

其它：还支持上传和下载功能；

3、okhttp：okhttp是一个高效的http客户端，允许所有同一个主机地址的请求共享同一个socket连接；连接池减少请求延时；透明的gzip压缩减少响应数据的大小；缓存响应内容，避免一些完全重复的请求

当网络出现问题的时候okhttp依然坚守自己的职责，它会自动恢复一般的连接问题，如果你的服务有多个ip地址，当第一个ip请求失败时，okhttp会交替尝试你配置的其他ip，okhttp使用现代tls技术(sni, alpn)初始化新的连接，当握手失败时会回退到tls 1.0。

1）使用：它的请求/响应 api 使用构造器模式builders来设计，它支持阻塞式的同步请求和带回调的异步请求。

引入jar包：

<dependency>
    <groupid>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupid>
    <artifactid>okhttp</artifactid>
    <version>3.10.0</version>
</dependency>

2）配置文件：

import okhttp3.connectionpool;
import okhttp3.okhttpclient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;

import javax.net.ssl.sslcontext;
import javax.net.ssl.sslsocketfactory;
import javax.net.ssl.trustmanager;
import javax.net.ssl.x509trustmanager;
import java.security.keymanagementexception;
import java.security.nosuchalgorithmexception;
import java.security.securerandom;
import java.security.cert.certificateexception;
import java.security.cert.x509certificate;
import java.util.concurrent.timeunit;

@configuration
public class okhttpconfiguration {

    @bean
    public okhttpclient okhttpclient() {
        return new okhttpclient.builder()
                //.sslsocketfactory(sslsocketfactory(), x509trustmanager())
                .retryonconnectionfailure(false)
                .connectionpool(pool())
                .connecttimeout(30, timeunit.seconds)
                .readtimeout(30, timeunit.seconds)
                .writetimeout(30,timeunit.seconds)
                .build();
    }

    @bean
    public x509trustmanager x509trustmanager() {
        return new x509trustmanager() {
            @override
            public void checkclienttrusted(x509certificate[] x509certificates, string s) throws certificateexception {
            }
            @override
            public void checkservertrusted(x509certificate[] x509certificates, string s) throws certificateexception {
            }
            @override
            public x509certificate[] getacceptedissuers() {
                return new x509certificate[0];
            }
        };
    }

    @bean
    public sslsocketfactory sslsocketfactory() {
        try {
            //信任任何链接
            sslcontext sslcontext = sslcontext.getinstance("tls");
            sslcontext.init(null, new trustmanager[]{x509trustmanager()}, new securerandom());
            return sslcontext.getsocketfactory();
        } catch (nosuchalgorithmexception e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        } catch (keymanagementexception e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * create a new connection pool with tuning parameters appropriate for a single-user application.
     * the tuning parameters in this pool are subject to change in future okhttp releases. currently
     */
    @bean
    public connectionpool pool() {
        return new connectionpool(200, 5, timeunit.minutes);
    }
}

3）util工具：

import okhttp3.*;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.exceptionutils;
import org.slf4j.logger;
import org.slf4j.loggerfactory;

import java.io.file;
import java.util.iterator;
import java.util.map;

public class okhttputil{
    private static final logger logger = loggerfactory.getlogger(okhttputil.class);
    
    private static okhttpclient  okhttpclient;

    @autowired
    public okhttputil(okhttpclient  okhttpclient) {
        okhttputil.okhttpclient= okhttpclient;
    } 
    
    /**
     * get
     * @param url     请求的url
     * @param queries 请求的参数，在浏览器？后面的数据，没有可以传null
     * @return
     */
    public static  string get(string url, map<string, string> queries) {
        string responsebody = "";
        stringbuffer sb = new stringbuffer(url);
        if (queries != null && queries.keyset().size() > 0) {
            boolean firstflag = true;
            iterator iterator = queries.entryset().iterator();
            while (iterator.hasnext()) {
                map.entry entry = (map.entry<string, string>) iterator.next();
                if (firstflag) {
                    sb.append("?" + entry.getkey() + "=" + entry.getvalue());
                    firstflag = false;
                } else {
                    sb.append("&" + entry.getkey() + "=" + entry.getvalue());
                }
            }
        }
        request request = new request.builder()
                .url(sb.tostring())
                .build();
        response response = null;
        try { 
            response = okhttpclient.newcall(request).execute();
            int status = response.code();
            if (response.issuccessful()) {
                return response.body().string();
            }
        } catch (exception e) {
            logger.error("okhttp3 put error >> ex = {}", exceptionutils.getstacktrace(e));
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                response.close();
            }
        }
        return responsebody;
    }

    /**
     * post
     *
     * @param url    请求的url
     * @param params post form 提交的参数
     * @return
     */
    public static string post(string url, map<string, string> params) {
        string responsebody = "";
        formbody.builder builder = new formbody.builder();
        //添加参数
        if (params != null && params.keyset().size() > 0) {
            for (string key : params.keyset()) {
                builder.add(key, params.get(key));
            }
        }
        request request = new request.builder()
                .url(url)
                .post(builder.build())
                .build();
        response response = null;
        try { 
            response = okhttpclient.newcall(request).execute();
            int status = response.code();
            if (response.issuccessful()) {
                return response.body().string();
            }
        } catch (exception e) {
            logger.error("okhttp3 post error >> ex = {}", exceptionutils.getstacktrace(e));
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                response.close();
            }
        }
        return responsebody;
    }

    /**
     * get
     * @param url     请求的url
     * @param queries 请求的参数，在浏览器？后面的数据，没有可以传null
     * @return
     */
    public static string getforheader(string url, map<string, string> queries) {
        string responsebody = "";
        stringbuffer sb = new stringbuffer(url);
        if (queries != null && queries.keyset().size() > 0) {
            boolean firstflag = true;
            iterator iterator = queries.entryset().iterator();
            while (iterator.hasnext()) {
                map.entry entry = (map.entry<string, string>) iterator.next();
                if (firstflag) {
                    sb.append("?" + entry.getkey() + "=" + entry.getvalue());
                    firstflag = false;
                } else {
                    sb.append("&" + entry.getkey() + "=" + entry.getvalue());
                }
            }
        }
        request request = new request.builder()
                .addheader("key", "value")
                .url(sb.tostring())
                .build();
        response response = null;
        try { 
            response = okhttpclient.newcall(request).execute();
            int status = response.code();
            if (response.issuccessful()) {
                return response.body().string();
            }
        } catch (exception e) {
            logger.error("okhttp3 put error >> ex = {}", exceptionutils.getstacktrace(e));
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                response.close();
            }
        }
        return responsebody;
    }

    /**
     * post请求发送json数据....{"name":"zhangsan","pwd":"123456"}
     * 参数一：请求url
     * 参数二：请求的json
     * 参数三：请求回调
     */
    public static string postjsonparams(string url, string jsonparams) {
        string responsebody = "";
        requestbody requestbody = requestbody.create(mediatype.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), jsonparams);
        request request = new request.builder()
                .url(url)
                .post(requestbody)
                .build();
        response response = null;
        try { 
            response = okhttpclient.newcall(request).execute();
            int status = response.code();
            if (response.issuccessful()) {
                return response.body().string();
            }
        } catch (exception e) {
            logger.error("okhttp3 post error >> ex = {}", exceptionutils.getstacktrace(e));
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                response.close();
            }
        }
        return responsebody;
    }

    /**
     * post请求发送xml数据....
     * 参数一：请求url
     * 参数二：请求的xmlstring
     * 参数三：请求回调
     */
    public static string postxmlparams(string url, string xml) {
        string responsebody = "";
        requestbody requestbody = requestbody.create(mediatype.parse("application/xml; charset=utf-8"), xml);
        request request = new request.builder()
                .url(url)
                .post(requestbody)
                .build();
        response response = null;
        try { 
            response = okhttpclient.newcall(request).execute();
            int status = response.code();
            if (response.issuccessful()) {
                return response.body().string();
            }
        } catch (exception e) {
            logger.error("okhttp3 post error >> ex = {}", exceptionutils.getstacktrace(e));
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                response.close();
            }
        }
        return responsebody;
    }
}

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