springboot+zuul实现自定义过滤器、动态路由、动态负载。
程序员文章站
2022-04-06 13:11:30
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/u014091123/article/details/75433656 https://blog.csdn.net/u013815546/article/details/68944039 Zuul是Netflix开源的微服务网关，他的核心是一系列的过 ......
参考：
zuul是netflix开源的微服务网关，他的核心是一系列的过滤器，通过这些过滤器我们可以轻松的实现服务的访问认证、限流、路由、负载、熔断等功能。
基于对已有项目代码零侵入的需求，本文没有将zuul网关项目注册到eureka中心，而是将zuul与springboot结合作为一个独立的项目进行请求转发，因此本项目是非spring cloud架构。
开始编写zuul网关项目
首先，新建一个spring boot项目。加入zuul依赖，开启@enablezuulproxy注解。
pom.xml
1 <dependency> 2 <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> 3 <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactid> 4 <version>1.4.4.release</version> 5 </dependency>
application.properties
1 server.port=8090 2 eureka.client.enable=false 3 zuul.ribbon.eager-load.enabled=true 4 5 zuul.senderrorfilter.post.disable=true
由于后续会使用到动态路由，所以这里我们并不需要在application.properties中做网关地址转发映射。
springbootzuulapplication.java
1 package com.syher.zuul;
2
3 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.threadfactorybuilder;
4 import com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.router.propertiesrouter;
5 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
6 import org.springframework.boot.commandlinerunner;
7 import org.springframework.boot.springapplication;
8 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.enableautoconfiguration;
9 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.enablezuulproxy;
10 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.routesrefreshedevent;
11 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.routelocator;
12 import org.springframework.context.applicationeventpublisher;
13 import org.springframework.context.annotation.componentscan;
14
15 import java.io.file;
16 import java.util.concurrent.executors;
17 import java.util.concurrent.scheduledexecutorservice;
18 import java.util.concurrent.timeunit;
19
20 /**
21 * @author braska
22 * @date 2018/06/25.
23 **/
24 @enableautoconfiguration
25 @enablezuulproxy
26 @componentscan(basepackages = {
27 "com.syher.zuul.core",
28 "com.syher.zuul.service"
29 })
30 public class springbootzuulapplication implements commandlinerunner {
31 @autowired
32 applicationeventpublisher publisher;
33 @autowired
34 routelocator routelocator;
35
36 private scheduledexecutorservice executor;
37 private long lastmodified = 0l;
38 private boolean instance = true;
39
40 public static void main(string[] args) {
41 springapplication.run(springbootzuulapplication.class, args);
42 }
43
44 @override
45 public void run(string... args) throws exception {
46 executor = executors.newsinglethreadscheduledexecutor(
47 new threadfactorybuilder().setnameformat("properties read.").build()
48 );
49 executor.schedulewithfixeddelay(() -> publish(), 0, 1, timeunit.seconds);
50 }
51
52 private void publish() {
53 if (ispropertiesmodified()) {
54 publisher.publishevent(new routesrefreshedevent(routelocator));
55 }
56 }
57
58 private boolean ispropertiesmodified() {
59 file file = new file(this.getclass().getclassloader().getresource(propertiesrouter.properties_file).getpath());
60 if (instance) {
61 instance = false;
62 return false;
63 }
64 if (file.lastmodified() > lastmodified) {
65 lastmodified = file.lastmodified();
66 return true;
67 }
68 return false;
69 }
70 }
一、自定义过滤器
自定义zuul过滤器比较简单。我们先讲过滤器。
zuul过滤器分为pre、route、post、error四种类型。作用我就不详细讲了，网上资料一大把。本文主要写路由前的过滤，即pre类型。
要自定义一个过滤器，只需要要继承zuulfilter，然后指定过滤类型、过滤顺序、是否执行这个过滤器、过滤内容就ok了。
为了便于扩展，这里用到了模板模式。
abstractzuulfilter.java
1 package com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.filter;
2
3 import com.netflix.zuul.zuulfilter;
4 import com.netflix.zuul.context.requestcontext;
5 import com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.contantvalue;
6
7 /**
8 * @author braska
9 * @date 2018/06/29.
10 **/
11 public abstract class abstractzuulfilter extends zuulfilter {
12
13 protected requestcontext context;
14
15 @override
16 public boolean shouldfilter() {
17 requestcontext ctx = requestcontext.getcurrentcontext();
18 return (boolean) (ctx.getordefault(contantvalue.next_filter, true));
19 }
20
21 @override
22 public object run() {
23 context = requestcontext.getcurrentcontext();
24 return dorun();
25 }
26
27 public abstract object dorun();
28
29 public object fail(integer code, string message) {
30 context.set(contantvalue.next_filter, false);
31 context.setsendzuulresponse(false);
32 context.getresponse().setcontenttype("text/html;charset=utf-8");
33 context.setresponsestatuscode(code);
34 context.setresponsebody(string.format("{\"result\":\"%s!\"}", message));
35 return null;
36 }
37
38 public object success() {
39 context.set(contantvalue.next_filter, true);
40 return null;
41 }
42 }
定义prefilter的抽象类，继承abstractzuulfilter。指定pre类型，之后所有的pre过滤器都可以继承这个抽象类。
abstractprezuulfilter.java
1 package com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.filter.pre;
2
3 import com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.filtertype;
4 import com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.filter.abstractzuulfilter;
5
6 /**
7 * @author braska
8 * @date 2018/06/29.
9 **/
10 public abstract class abstractprezuulfilter extends abstractzuulfilter {
11 @override
12 public string filtertype() {
13 return filtertype.pre.name();
14 }
15 }
接着编写具体一个具体的过滤器，比如限流。
ratelimiterfilter.java
1 package com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.filter.pre;
2
3 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ratelimiter;
4 import com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.filterorder;
5 import org.slf4j.logger;
6 import org.slf4j.loggerfactory;
7
8 import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
9
10 /**
11 * @author braska
12 * @date 2018/06/29.
13 **/
14 public class ratelimiterfilter extends abstractprezuulfilter {
15
16 private static final logger logger = loggerfactory.getlogger(ratelimiterfilter.class);
17
18 /**
19 * 每秒允许处理的量是50
20 */
21 ratelimiter ratelimiter = ratelimiter.create(50);
22
23 @override
24 public int filterorder() {
25 return filterorder.rate_limiter_order;
26 }
27
28 @override
29 public object dorun() {
30 httpservletrequest request = context.getrequest();
31 string url = request.getrequesturi();
32 if (ratelimiter.tryacquire()) {
33 return success();
34 } else {
35 logger.info("rate limit:{}", url);
36 return fail(401, string.format("rate limit:{}", url));
37 }
38 }
39 }
其他类型的过滤器也一样。创建不同的抽象类，比如abstractpostzuulfilter，指定filtertype，然后具体的postfilter只要继承该抽象类即可。
最后，将过滤器托管给spring。
zuulconfigure.java
1 package com.syher.zuul.core.config;
2
3 import com.netflix.loadbalancer.irule;
4 import com.netflix.zuul.zuulfilter;
5 import com.syher.zuul.core.ribbon.serverloadbalancerrule;
6 import com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.filter.pre.ratelimiterfilter;
7 import com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.filter.pre.tokenaccessfilter;
8 import com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.filter.pre.userrightfilter;
9 import com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.router.propertiesrouter;
10 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
11 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.serverproperties;
12 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.zuulproperties;
13 import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;
14 import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;
15
16 /**
17 * @author braska
18 * @date 2018/07/05.
19 **/
20 @configuration
21 public class zuulconfigure {
22
23 @autowired
24 zuulproperties zuulproperties;
25 @autowired
26 serverproperties server;
27
28 /**
29 * 动态路由
30 * @return
31 */
32 @bean
33 public propertiesrouter propertiesrouter() {
34 return new propertiesrouter(this.server.getservletprefix(), this.zuulproperties);
35 }
36
37 /**
38 * 动态负载
39 * @return
40 */
41 @bean
42 public irule loadbalance() {
43 return new serverloadbalancerrule();
44 }
45
46 /**
47 * 自定义过滤器
48 * @return
49 */
50 @bean
51 public zuulfilter ratelimiterfilter() {
52 return new ratelimiterfilter();
53 }
54 }
二、动态路由
接着写动态路由。动态路由需要配置可持久化且能动态刷新。
zuul默认使用的路由是simpleroutelocator，不具备动态刷新的效果。discoveryclientroutelocator具备刷新功能，但是需要已有的项目将服务注册到eureka，这不符合已有项目代码零侵入的需求所以排除。那么还有个办法就是自定义路由然后实现refreshableroutelocator类。
部分代码如下：
abstractdynamicrouter.java
1 package com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.router;
2
3 import com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.entity.basicroute;
4 import org.apache.commons.lang.stringutils;
5 import org.slf4j.logger;
6 import org.slf4j.loggerfactory;
7 import org.springframework.beans.beanutils;
8 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.refreshableroutelocator;
9 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.simpleroutelocator;
10 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.zuulproperties;
11
12 import java.util.linkedhashmap;
13 import java.util.list;
14 import java.util.map;
15
16 /**
17 * @author braska
18 * @date 2018/07/02.
19 **/
20 public abstract class abstractdynamicrouter extends simpleroutelocator implements refreshableroutelocator {
21
22 private static final logger logger = loggerfactory.getlogger(abstractdynamicrouter.class);
23
24 public abstractdynamicrouter(string servletpath, zuulproperties properties) {
25 super(servletpath, properties);
26 }
27
28 @override
29 public void refresh() {
30 dorefresh();
31 }
32
33 @override
34 protected map<string, zuulproperties.zuulroute> locateroutes() {
35 linkedhashmap<string, zuulproperties.zuulroute> routes = new linkedhashmap<string, zuulproperties.zuulroute>();
36 routes.putall(super.locateroutes());
37
38 list<basicroute> results = readroutes();
39
40 for (basicroute result : results) {
41 if (stringutils.isempty(result.getpath()) ) {
42 continue;
43 }
44 zuulproperties.zuulroute zuulroute = new zuulproperties.zuulroute();
45 try {
46 beanutils.copyproperties(result, zuulroute);
47 } catch (exception e) {
48 logger.error("=============load zuul route info from db with error==============", e);
49 }
50 routes.put(zuulroute.getpath(), zuulroute);
51 }
52 return routes;
53 }
54
55 /**
56 * 读取路由信息
57 * @return
58 */
59 protected abstract list<basicroute> readroutes();
60 }
由于本人比较懒。不想每次写个demo都要重新配置一大堆数据库信息。所以本文很多数据比如路由信息、比如负载策略。要么写在文本里面，要么直接java代码构造。
本demo的路由信息就是从properties里面读取。嗯，继承abstractdynamicrouter即可。
propertiesrouter.java
1 package com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.router;
2
3 import com.google.common.collect.lists;
4 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.threadfactorybuilder;
5 import com.syher.zuul.common.context;
6 import com.syher.zuul.core.zuul.entity.basicroute;
7 import org.apache.commons.lang.stringutils;
8 import org.slf4j.logger;
9 import org.slf4j.loggerfactory;
10 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.zuulproperties;
11
12 import java.io.file;
13 import java.io.ioexception;
14 import java.util.hashmap;
15 import java.util.list;
16 import java.util.map;
17 import java.util.properties;
18 import java.util.concurrent.executors;
19 import java.util.concurrent.scheduledexecutorservice;
20 import java.util.stream.collectors;
21
22 /**
23 * @author braska
24 * @date 2018/07/02.
25 **/
26 public class propertiesrouter extends abstractdynamicrouter {
27
28 private static final logger logger = loggerfactory.getlogger(propertiesrouter.class);
29 public static final string properties_file = "router.properties";
30 private static final string zuul_router_prefix = "zuul.routes";
31
32
33 public propertiesrouter(string servletpath, zuulproperties properties) {
34 super(servletpath, properties);
35 }
36
37 @override
38 protected list<basicroute> readroutes() {
39 list<basicroute> list = lists.newarraylistwithexpectedsize(3);
40 try {
41 properties prop = new properties();
42 prop.load(
43 this.getclass().getclassloader().getresourceasstream(properties_file)
44 );
45
46 context context = new context(new hashmap<>((map) prop));
47 map<string, string> data = context.getsubproperties(zuul_router_prefix);
48 list<string> ids = data.keyset().stream().map(s -> s.substring(0, s.indexof("."))).distinct().collect(collectors.tolist());
49 ids.stream().foreach(id -> {
50 map<string, string> router = context.getsubproperties(string.join(".", zuul_router_prefix, id));
51
52 string path = router.get("path");
53 path = path.startswith("/") ? path : "/" + path;
54
55 string serviceid = router.getordefault("serviceid", null);
56 string url = router.getordefault("url", null);
57
58 basicroute basicroute = new basicroute();
59 basicroute.setid(id);
60 basicroute.setpath(path);
61 basicroute.seturl(router.getordefault("url", null));
62 basicroute.setserviceid((stringutils.isblank(url) && stringutils.isblank(serviceid)) ? id : serviceid);
63 basicroute.setretryable(boolean.parseboolean(router.getordefault("retry-able", "false")));
64 basicroute.setstripprefix(boolean.parseboolean(router.getordefault("strip-prefix", "false")));
65 list.add(basicroute);
66 });
67 } catch (ioexception e) {
68 logger.info("error to read " + properties_file + " :{}", e);
69 }
70 return list;
71 }
72 }
既然是动态路由实时刷新，那肯定需要一个定时器定时监控properties文件。所以我在启动类springbootzuulapplication加了个定时器监控properties是否发生过变更(之前有疑问的现在可以解惑了）。一旦文件被修改过就重新发布一下， 然后会触发routelocator的refresh方法。
1 public void publish() {
2 if (ispropertiesmodified()) {
3 publisher.publishevent(new routesrefreshedevent(routelocator));
4 }
5 }
当然，如果是从数据库或者其他地方比如redis读取就不需要用到定时器，只要在增删改的时候直接publish就好了。
最后，记得propertiesrouter类交由spring托管（在zuulconfigure类中配置bean）。
router.properties文件：
1 zuul.routes.dashboard.path=/** 2 zuul.routes.dashboard.strip-prefix=true 3 4 ##不使用动态负载需指定url 5 ##zuul.routes.dashboard.url=http://localhost:9000/ 6 ##zuul服务部署后，动态增加网关映射，无需重启即可实时路由到新的网关 7 ##zuul.routes.baidu.path=/**
三、动态负载
负载也算比较简单，复杂点的是写负载算法。
动态负载主要分两个步骤：
1、根据网关项目配置的host和port去数据库（我是java直接造的数据）查找负载策略，比如轮询、比如随机、比如iphash等等。
2、根据策略结合每台服务器分配的权重选出合适的服务。
实现动态负载需要自定义rule类然后继承abstractloadbalancerrule类。
首先看负载策略的选择：
serverloadbalancerrule.java
1 package com.syher.zuul.core.ribbon;
2
3 import com.google.common.base.preconditions;
4 import com.netflix.client.config.iclientconfig;
5 import com.netflix.loadbalancer.abstractloadbalancerrule;
6 import com.netflix.loadbalancer.iloadbalancer;
7 import com.netflix.loadbalancer.server;
8 import com.syher.zuul.common.util.systemutil;
9 import com.syher.zuul.core.ribbon.balancer.loadbalancer;
10 import com.syher.zuul.core.ribbon.balancer.randomloadbalancer;
11 import com.syher.zuul.core.ribbon.balancer.roundloadbalancer;
12 import com.syher.zuul.entity.gatewayaddress;
13 import com.syher.zuul.service.gatewayservice;
14 import org.apache.commons.lang.stringutils;
15 import org.slf4j.logger;
16 import org.slf4j.loggerfactory;
17 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
18 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.value;
19
20 /**
21 * @author braska
22 * @date 2018/07/05.
23 **/
24 public class serverloadbalancerrule extends abstractloadbalancerrule {
25
26 private static final logger logger = loggerfactory.getlogger(serverloadbalancerrule.class);
27
28 @value("${server.host:127.0.0.1}")
29 private string host;
30 @value("${server.port:8080}")
31 private integer port;
32
33 @autowired
34 private gatewayservice gatewayservice;
35
36 @override
37 public void initwithniwsconfig(iclientconfig iclientconfig) {
38 }
39
40 @override
41 public server choose(object key) {
42 return getserver(getloadbalancer(), key);
43 }
44
45 private server getserver(iloadbalancer loadbalancer, object key) {
46 if (stringutils.isblank(host)) {
47 host = systemutil.iplist().get(0);
48 }
49 //preconditions.checkargument(host != null, "server.host must be specify.");
50 //preconditions.checkargument(port != null, "server.port must be specify.");
51
52 gatewayaddress address = gatewayservice.getbyhostandport(host, port);
53 if (address == null) { //这里的逻辑可以改，找不到网关配置信息可以指定默认的负载策略
54 logger.error(string.format("must be config a gateway info for the server[%s:%s].", host, string.valueof(port)));
55 return null;
56 }
57
58 loadbalancer balancer = loadbalancerfactory.build(address.getfkstrategyid());
59
60 return balancer.chooseserver(loadbalancer);
61 }
62
63 static class loadbalancerfactory {
64
65 public static loadbalancer build(string strategy) {
66 gatewayaddress.strategytype type = gatewayaddress.strategytype.of(strategy);
67 switch (type) {
68 case round:
69 return new roundloadbalancer();
70 case random:
71 return new randomloadbalancer();
72 default:
73 return null;
74 }
75 }
76 }
77 }
然后是负载算法接口代码。
loadbalancer.java
1 package com.syher.zuul.core.ribbon.balancer;
2
3 import com.netflix.loadbalancer.iloadbalancer;
4 import com.netflix.loadbalancer.server;
5
6 /**
7 * @author braska
8 * @date 2018/07/06.
9 **/
10 public interface loadbalancer {
11
12 /**
13 * choose a loadbalancer
14 * @param loadbalancer
15 * @return
16 */
17 server chooseserver(iloadbalancer loadbalancer);
18 }
定义抽象类，实现loadbalancer接口
abstractloadbalancer.java
1 package com.syher.zuul.core.ribbon.balancer;
2
3 import com.netflix.loadbalancer.iloadbalancer;
4 import com.netflix.loadbalancer.server;
5 import com.syher.zuul.core.springcontext;
6 import com.syher.zuul.service.serverservice;
7 import org.slf4j.logger;
8 import org.slf4j.loggerfactory;
9
10 /**
11 * @author braska
12 * @date 2018/07/06.
13 **/
14 public abstract class abstractloadbalancer implements loadbalancer {
15 private static final logger logger = loggerfactory.getlogger(abstractloadbalancer.class);
16 protected serverservice serverservice;
17
18 @override
19 public server chooseserver(iloadbalancer loadbalancer) {
20 this.serverservice = springcontext.getbean(serverservice.class);
21 server server = choose(loadbalancer);
22 if (server != null) {
23 logger.info(string.format("the server[%s:%s] has been select.", server.gethost(), server.getport()));
24 } else {
25 logger.error("could not find any server.");
26 }
27 return server;
28 }
29
30 public abstract server choose(iloadbalancer loadbalancer);
31 }
轮询负载算法
roundloadbalancer.java
1 package com.syher.zuul.core.ribbon.balancer;
2
3 import com.netflix.loadbalancer.iloadbalancer;
4 import com.netflix.loadbalancer.server;
5 import com.syher.zuul.common.constant;
6 import com.syher.zuul.core.globalcache;
7 import com.syher.zuul.core.ribbon.loadbalancerruleutil;
8 import com.syher.zuul.entity.serveraddress;
9
10 import java.util.list;
11
12 /**
13 * 权重轮询
14 * 首次使用取最大权重的服务器。而后通过权重的不断递减，寻找适合的服务器。
15 * @author braska
16 * @date 2018/07/06.
17 **/
18 public class roundloadbalancer extends abstractloadbalancer {
19
20 private integer currentserver;
21 private integer currentweight;
22 private integer maxweight;
23 private integer gcdweight;
24
25 @override
26 public server choose(iloadbalancer loadbalancer) {
27 list<serveraddress> addresslist = serverservice.getavailableserver();
28 if (addresslist != null && !addresslist.isempty()) {
29 maxweight = loadbalancerruleutil.getmaxweightforservers(addresslist);
30 gcdweight = loadbalancerruleutil.getgcdforservers(addresslist);
31 currentserver = integer.parseint(globalcache.instance().getordefault(constant.current_server_key, -1).tostring());
32 currentweight = integer.parseint(globalcache.instance().getordefault(constant.current_weight_key, 0).tostring());
33
34 integer servercount = addresslist.size();
35
36 if (1 == servercount) {
37 return new server(addresslist.get(0).gethost(), addresslist.get(0).getport());
38 } else {
39 while (true) {
40 currentserver = (currentserver + 1) % servercount;
41 if (currentserver == 0) {
42 currentweight = currentweight - gcdweight;
43 if (currentweight <= 0) {
44 currentweight = maxweight;
45 if (currentweight == 0) {
46 globalcache.instance().put(constant.current_server_key, currentserver);
47 globalcache.instance().put(constant.current_weight_key, currentweight);
48 thread.yield();
49 return null;
50 }
51 }
52 }
53
54 serveraddress address = addresslist.get(currentserver);
55 if (address.getweight() >= currentweight) {
56 globalcache.instance().put(constant.current_server_key, currentserver);
57 globalcache.instance().put(constant.current_weight_key, currentweight);
58 return new server(address.gethost(), address.getport());
59 }
60 }
61 }
62
63 }
64 return null;
65 }
66 }
最后，serverloadbalancerrule交由spring托管。
至此，springboot+zuul实现自定义过滤器、动态路由、动态负载就都完成了。
源码：
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