《Python编程：从入门到实践》WEB应用程序

程序员文章站 2022-04-06 13:03:42

Centos版本：7.8服务器IP：192.168.100.11Pytho版本：3.6.8Django版本：2.2.2一、Django入门1 Python安装参考：https://blog.csdn.net/linwenhai2018/article/details/1096280862 Sqlite3升级参考：https://blog.csdn.net/linwenhai2018/article/details/1096673443 配置虚拟环境mkd.....

Centos版本：7.8

服务器IP：192.168.100.11

Pytho版本：3.6.8

Django版本：2.2.2

一、Django入门

1 Python安装

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/linwenhai2018/article/details/109628086

2 Sqlite3升级

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/linwenhai2018/article/details/109667344

3 配置虚拟环境

mkdir -p /opt/Projects/learning_log
cd /opt/Projects/learning_log
/opt/python/bin/python3 -m venv ll_env

# 进入虚拟机环境
source ll_env/bin/activate

# 退出虚拟环境
deactivate

4 创建项目

# 安装django
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ pip install --upgrade pip
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ pip install Django==2.2.2

# 创建项目learning_log
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ django-admin.py startproject learning_log .

# 修改配置文件
vi learning_log/settings.py
-----------------------------------------
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
-----------------------------------------

# 安装数据库sqlite3
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ python manage.py migrate

# 运行项目
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ python manage.py runserver 192.168.100.11:8000

浏览器访问：http://192.168.100.11:8000/

《Python编程：从入门到实践》WEB应用程序

5 创建应用程序

# 创建应用程序learning_logs
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ python manage.py startapp learning_logs

# 修改配置文件，添加新建的应用程序名
vi learning_log/settings.py 
---------------------------------------
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    --snip--
    'learning_logs',
]
---------------------------------------

6 定义模型

定义模型用途：修改数据库表结构。

learning_logs/models.py

#coding=utf-8
from django.db import models

class Topic(models.Model):
    """定义主题"""
    topic_name = models.CharField(max_length=200)     # 主题最大即200个字符
    ctime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    def __str__(self):
        """显示主题简介"""
        return self.topic_name

class Entry(models.Model):
    """定义主题内容"""
    topic = models.ForeignKey(Topic,on_delete=models.CASCADE,)    # 外键，与topic关联
    content = models.TextField()
    ctime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    class Meta:
        """使用entries来表示多个条目"""
        verbose_name_plural = 'entries'
    def __str__(self):
        """显示内容简介"""
        return self.content[:50] + "..."

# 生成迁移文件
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ python manage.py makemigrations learning_logs

# 修改数据库
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ python manage.py migrate

7 后台管理

# 创建管理员
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ python manage.py createsuperuser

learning_logs/admin.py（向管理网站注册模型）

#coding=utf-8
from django.contrib import admin
from learning_logs.models import Topic,Entry

admin.site.register(Topic)
admin.site.register(Entry)

浏览器访问：http://192.168.100.11:8000/admin/

手工添加主题和内容

《Python编程：从入门到实践》WEB应用程序

8 Django Shell

(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ python manage.py shell
>>> from learning_logs.models import Topic
>>> Topic.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<Topic: 笑傲江湖>, <Topic: 倚天屠龙记>]>
>>> topics = Topic.objects.all()
>>> for topic in topics:
...     print(topic.id, topic)
... 
1 笑傲江湖
2 倚天屠龙记
>>> t = Topic.objects.get(id=1)
>>> t.topic_name
'笑傲江湖'
>>> t.ctime
datetime.datetime(2020, 11, 4, 8, 58, 50, 239233, tzinfo=<UTC>)
>>> t.entry_set.all()
<QuerySet [<Entry: 《笑傲江湖》是中国现代作家金庸创作的一部长篇武侠小说，于1967年开始创作并连载于《明报》，1969...>]>

9 映射URL

learning_log/urls.py（修改项目URL）

#coding=utf-8
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include

urlpatterns = [
    # 后台管理跳转
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # 首页跳转
    path('',include('learning_logs.urls', namespace='learning_logs')),
]

learning_logs/urls.py（修改应用程序URL）

#coding=utf-8
from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name ='[learning_logs]'
urlpatterns = [
    # 首页
    path('',views.index, name='index'),
    # 主题网页
    path('topics/',views.topics,name='topics'),
    # 内容网页
    path('topics/<topic_id>',views.topic,name='topic'),
]

10 视图

learning_logs/views.py

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Topic

def index(request):
    """主页"""
    return render(request, 'html/index.html')

def topics(request):
    """图书主题"""
    topics = Topic.objects.order_by('ctime')    # 查询数据库Topic对象,按ctime排序
    context = {'topics': topics}    # 们定义了一个将要发送给模板的字典
    return render(request, 'html/topics.html', context) # 将变量context传递给render()

def topic(request, topic_id):
    """图书简介"""
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)  # 使用get()来获取主题
    entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-ctime')   # 获取与该主题相关联的条目,排序
    context = {'topic': topic, 'entries': entries}
    return render(request, 'html/topic.html', context)

11 网页

# 配置网页默认路径
vi learning_log/settings.py
------------------------------------------
TEMPLATES = [
    {
        --snip--
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '')],
        --snip--
    },
]
------------------------------------------

html/base.html（创建父模板，目录html存放相关网页）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>图书</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--设置超链接-->
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">首页</a>
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}">主题</a>
{% block content %}{% endblock content %}
</body>
</html>

html/index.html（创建首页）

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>武侠世界欢迎您！</p>
{% endblock content %}

html/topics.html（创建图书列表网页）

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>图书列表：</p>
<ul>
    {% for topic in topics %}
        <li>
            <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{ topic }}</a>
        </li>
    {% empty %}
        <li>无图书</li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock content %}

html/topic.html（创建图书简介网页）

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>图书: {{ topic }}</p>
<p>简介:</p>
<ul>
    {% for entry in entries %}
        <li>
            <p>{{ entry.content}}</p>
            <p>{{ entry.ctime|date:'Y-m-d H:i'}}</p>
        </li>
    {% empty %}
        <li>无简介</li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock content %}

二、图书增加、简介增加、简介编辑功能

1 新增包含表单的模块

learning_logs /forms.py

#coding=utf-8
from django import forms
from .models import Topic,Entry

class TopicForm(forms.ModelForm):
    """图书表单"""
    class Meta:
        model = Topic
        fields = ['topic_name']
        labels = {'topic_name': ''}

class EntryForm(forms.ModelForm):
    """简介表单"""
    class Meta:
        model = Entry
        fields = ['content']
        labels = {'content': ''}
        widgets = {'content': forms.Textarea(attrs={'cols': 80})}

2 编辑URL

learning_logs/urls.py

#coding=utf-8
from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name ='[learning_logs]'

urlpatterns = [
    --snip--
    # 新建图书网页
    path('new_topic/',views.new_topic,name='new_topic'),
    # 新建简介网页
    path('new_entry/<topic_id>',views.new_entry, name='new_entry'),
    # 编辑简介网页
    path('edit_entry/<entry_id>',views.edit_entry,name='edit_entry'),
]

3 编辑视图

learning_logs/views.py

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.urls import reverse
from .models import Topic,Entry
from .forms import TopicForm,EntryForm
--snip--

def new_topic(request):
    """添加新图书"""
    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据：创建一个新表单
        form = TopicForm()
    else:
        # POST提交的数据,对数据进行处理
        form = TopicForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topics'))
    context = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'html/new_topic.html', context)

def new_entry(request, topic_id):
    """添加图书简介"""
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)
    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据,创建一个空表单
        form = EntryForm()
    else:
        # POST提交的数据,对数据进行处理
        form = EntryForm(data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            new_entry = form.save(commit=False)
            new_entry.topic = topic
            new_entry.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic',args=[topic_id]))
    context = {'topic': topic, 'form': form}
    return render(request, 'html/new_entry.html', context)

def edit_entry(request, entry_id):
    """编辑图书简介"""
    entry = Entry.objects.get(id=entry_id)
    topic = entry.topic
    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 初次请求，使用当前条目填充表单
        form = EntryForm(instance=entry)
    else:
        # POST提交的数据，对数据进行处理
        form = EntryForm(instance=entry, data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic',args=[topic.id]))
    context = {'entry': entry, 'topic': topic, 'form': form}
    return render(request, 'html/edit_entry.html', context)

4 编辑网页

html/new_topic.html（新建增加图书网页）

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>新图书名:</p>
<form action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}" method='post'>
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<button name="submit">保存</button>
</form>
{% endblock content %}

html/new_entry.html（新建增加简介网页）

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{ topic }}</a></p>
<p>添加图书简介:</p>
<form action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}" method='post'>
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<button name='submit'>保存</button>
</form>
{% endblock content %}

html/edit_entry.html（新建修改简介网页）

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{ topic }}</a></p>
<p>简介内容:</p>
<form action="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}" method='post'>
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<button name="submit">保存</button>
</form>
{% endblock content %}

html/topics.html（修改图书列表网页，添加链接到页面new_topic）

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>图书列表：</p>
<ul>
    --snip--
</ul>
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}">新增图书</a>
{% endblock content %}

html/topic.html（修改图书简介网页，添加链接到页面new_entry与edit_entry）

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>图书: {{ topic }}</p>
<p>简介:</p>
<p>
    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}">添加简介</a>
</p>
<ul>
    {% for entry in entries %}
        <li>
            <p>{{ entry.content}}</p>
            <p>{{ entry.ctime|date:'Y-m-d H:i'}}</p>
            <p>
                <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}">编辑</a>
            </p>
        </li>
    {% empty %}
        <li>无简介</li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock content %}

三、用户登陆、退出、注册功能

1 创建新应用程序

# 创建新应用程序users
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ python manage.py startapp users

learning_log/settings.py （配置文件添加新应用程序）

--snip--
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    --snip--
    'users',
]
--snip--

2 编辑URL

learning_log/urls.py（配置项目跳转URL）

#coding=utf-8
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include

urlpatterns = [
    --snip--
    # 用户界面
    path('users/',include('users.urls', namespace='users')),
    --snip--
]

users/urls.py（配置应用程序URL）

#coding=utf-8
from django.urls import path
from django.contrib.auth.views import LoginView,LogoutView
from . import views

app_name = 'users'

urlpatterns = [
    # 登陆界面
    path('login/',LoginView.as_view(template_name='html/login.html'),name='login'),
    # 注销页面
    path('logout/',LogoutView.as_view(template_name='html/index.html'),name='logout'),
    # 注册界面
    path('register/',views.register, name='register'),
]

3 编辑视图

users/views.py

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.urls import reverse
from django.contrib.auth import login,logout,authenticate
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm

def logout_view(request):
    """注销用户"""
    logout(request)
    return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:index'))

def register(request):
    """注册新用户"""
    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 显示空的注册表单
        form = UserCreationForm()
    else:
        # 处理填写好的表单
        form = UserCreationForm(data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            new_user = form.save()
            # 让用户自动登录，再重定向到主页
            authenticated_user = authenticate(username=new_user.username,password=request.POST['password1'])
            login(request, authenticated_user)
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:index'))
    context = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'html/register.html', context)

4 编辑网页

html/login.html（创建登陆网页）

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
    {% if form.errors %}
    <p>账户和密码不匹配，请重新尝试。</p>
    {% endif %}
    <form method="post" action="{% url 'users:login' %}">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <button name="submit">登陆</button>
    <input type="hidden" name="next" value="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}" />
    </form>
{% endblock content %}

html/register.html（创建注册网页）

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
    <form method="post" action="{% url 'users:register' %}">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{ form.as_p }}
        <button name="submit">注册</button>
        <input type="hidden" name="next" value="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}" />
    </form>
{% endblock content %}

html/base.html（修改base网页，添加链接页面到登陆、注册、退出）

--snip--
<p>
    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">首页</a>
    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}">主题</a>
    {% if user.is_authenticated %}
        {{ user.username }},欢迎您
        <a href="{% url 'users:logout' %}">退出</a>
    {% else %}
        <a href="{% url 'users:register' %}">注册</a>
        <a href="{% url 'users:login' %}">登陆</a>
    {% endif %}
</p>
--snip--

四、访问控制

1 限制功能访问

learning_logs/views.py（使用装饰器@login_required控制）

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.urls import reverse
from .models import Topic,Entry
from .forms import TopicForm,EntryForm
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
--snip--
@login_required
def topics(request):
    """图书主题"""
--snip--
@login_required
def topic(request, topic_id):
    """图书简介"""
--snip--
@login_required
def new_topic(request):
    """添加新图书"""
--snip--
@login_required
def new_entry(request, topic_id):
    """添加图书简介"""
--snip--
@login_required
def edit_entry(request, entry_id):
    """编辑图书简介"""
--snip--

learning_log/settings.py（配置未登陆重定向路径）

--snip--
# 登陆设置
LOGIN_URL = '/users/login/'

2 将数据关联到用户

learning_logs/models.py（修改主题归属）

#coding=utf-8
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
--snip--
class Topic(models.Model):
    """定义主题"""
    owner = models.ForeignKey(User,on_delete=models.CASCADE,)   # 外键，与User关联
--snip--

# 查询用户ID
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ python manage.py shell
Python 3.6.8 (default, Nov 11 2020, 19:49:20) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> User.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<User: admin>, <User: test>]>
>>> for user in User.objects.all():
...     print(user.username, user.id)
... 
admin 1
test 2

# 修改数据库数据
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ python manage.py makemigrations learning_logs
You are trying to add a non-nullable field 'owner' to topic without a default; we can't do that (the database needs something to populate existing rows).
Please select a fix:
 1) Provide a one-off default now (will be set on all existing rows with a null value for this column)
 2) Quit, and let me add a default in models.py
Select an option: 1
Please enter the default value now, as valid Python
The datetime and django.utils.timezone modules are available, so you can do e.g. timezone.now
Type 'exit' to exit this prompt
>>> 1
Migrations for 'learning_logs':
  learning_logs/migrations/0002_topic_owner.py
    - Add field owner to topic
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, learning_logs, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying learning_logs.0002_topic_owner... OK

# 验证
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ python manage.py shell
>>> from learning_logs.models import Topic
>>> for topic in Topic.objects.all():
...     print(topic, topic.owner)
... 
笑傲江湖 admin
倚天屠龙记 admin
射雕英雄传 admin

learning_logs/views.py（保护用户主题和页面）

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect,Http404
from django.urls import reverse
from .models import Topic,Entry
from .forms import TopicForm,EntryForm
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
--snip--
@login_required
def topics(request):
    """图书主题"""
    topics = Topic.objects.filter(owner=request.user).order_by('ctime') # 只允许用户访问自己的主题
    --snip--
--snip--
@login_required
def topic(request, topic_id):
    """图书简介"""
    --snip--
    if topic.owner != request.user:     # 确认请求的主题属于当前用户
        raise Http404
    --snip--
--snip--
@login_required
def new_topic(request):
    """添加新图书"""
        --snip--
        if form.is_valid():
            new_topic = form.save(commit=False) # 将新主题关联到当前用户
            new_topic.owner = request.user
            new_topic.save()
            --snip--
--snip--
@login_required
def edit_entry(request, entry_id):
    """编辑图书简介"""
    --snip--
    if topic.owner != request.user:     # 确认请求的主题属于当前用户
        raise Http404
--snip--

五、网页样式

# 安装应用程序django-bootstrap3
(ll_env) [test@test learning_log]$ pip install django-bootstrap3

learning_log/settings.py（添加应用程序）

--snip--

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    --snip--
    'bootstrap3',
    --snip--
)
--snip--

# django-bootstrap3的设置
BOOTSTRAP3 = {
    'include_jquery': True,
}

1 html/base.html

{% load bootstrap3 %}
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>Learning Log</title>
    {% bootstrap_css %}
    {% bootstrap_javascript %}
</head>
<body>
    <!-- Static navbar -->
    <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top">
        <div class="container">
            <div class="navbar-header">
                <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed"
                    data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar"
                    aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
                </button>
                <a class="navbar-brand" href="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">首页</a>
            </div>
            <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
                <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                    <li><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}">图书</a></li>
                </ul>
                <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                    {% if user.is_authenticated %}
                        <li><a>Hello, {{ user.username }}.</a></li>
                        <li><a href="{% url 'users:logout' %}">退出</a></li>
                    {% else %}
                        <li><a href="{% url 'users:register' %}">注册</a></li>
                        <li><a href="{% url 'users:login' %}">登陆</a></li>
                    {% endif %}
                </ul>
            </div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
        </div>
    </nav>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="page-header">
            {% block header %}{% endblock header %}
        </div>
        <div>
            {% block content %}{% endblock content %}
        </div>
    </div> <!-- /container -->
</body>
</html>

2 html/index.html

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% block header %}
    <div class='jumbotron'>
        <h3>武侠世界欢迎您！</h3>
    </div>
{% endblock header %}
{% block content %}
<h4>
    武侠小说是中国旧通俗小说的一种重要类型，多以侠客和义士为主人公，描写他们身怀绝技、见义勇为和叛逆*行为。
</h4>
{% endblock content %}

《Python编程：从入门到实践》WEB应用程序

3 html/topics.html

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% block header %}
    <h3>图书列表</h3>
{% endblock header %}
{% block content %}
    <ul>
        {% for topic in topics %}
            <li>
                <h4>
                    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{ topic }}</a>
                </h4>
            </li>
        {% empty %}
            <li>无图书</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
    <h4><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}">新增图书</h4>
{% endblock content %}

《Python编程：从入门到实践》WEB应用程序

4 html/topic.html

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% block header %}
    <h3>{{ topic }}</h3>
{% endblock header %}
{% block content %}
    <p>
        <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}">添加简介</a>
    </p>
    {% for entry in entries %}
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h4>
                    {{ entry.ctime|date:'Y-m-d H:i' }}
                    <small>
                        <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}">编辑简介</a>
                    </small>
                </h4>
            </div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                {{ entry.content|linebreaks }}
            </div>
        </div> <!-- panel -->
    {% empty %}
        无简介
    {% endfor %}
{% endblock content %}

《Python编程：从入门到实践》WEB应用程序

5 html/new_topic.html

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% load bootstrap3 %}
{% block header %}
    <h3>输入图书名:</h3>
{% endblock header %}
{% block content %}
    <form action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}" method='post' class="form">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {% bootstrap_form form %}
        {% buttons %}
            <button name="submit" class="btn btn-primary">保存</button>
        {% endbuttons %}
    </form>
{% endblock content %}

《Python编程：从入门到实践》WEB应用程序

6 html/login.html

{% extends "html/base.html" %}
{% load bootstrap3 %}
{% block header %}
    <h3>登陆您的账户</h3>
{% endblock header %}
{% block content %}
    <form method="post" action="{% url 'users:login' %}" class="form">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {% bootstrap_form form %}
        {% buttons %}
            <button name="submit" class="btn btn-primary">登陆</button>
        {% endbuttons %}
        <input type="hidden" name="next" value="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}" />
    </form>
{% endblock content %}

《Python编程：从入门到实践》WEB应用程序

本文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/linwenhai2018/article/details/109667274

《Python编程：从入门到实践》WEB应用程序

一、Django入门

1 Python安装

2 Sqlite3升级

3 配置虚拟环境

4 创建项目

5 创建应用程序

6 定义模型

7 后台管理

8 Django Shell

9 映射URL

10 视图

11 网页

二、图书增加、简介增加、简介编辑功能

1 新增包含表单的模块

2 编辑URL

3 编辑视图

4 编辑网页

三、用户登陆、退出、注册功能

1 创建新应用程序

2 编辑URL

3 编辑视图

4 编辑网页

四、访问控制

1 限制功能访问

2 将数据关联到用户

五、网页样式

1 html/base.html

2 html/index.html

3 html/topics.html

4 html/topic.html

5 html/new_topic.html

6 html/login.html

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