TensorFlow训练CNN模型识别猫VS狗（总结）

      学习TensorFlow的基础教程一般都会接触到入门实验--手写数字识别（MNIST），当我们学习完这个实验后就会想着能不能自己去做个一个CNN（卷积神经网络）模型来训练自己的图像集呢，于是基于此想法可以通过MNIST延伸加深TensorFlow的学习和理解。网上有很多图像分类的例子，做为新手我建议先去阅读别人的模型，然后在此基础上去修改，以为如果自己去从头开始

做的话一旦出错，你很难找出问题的解决办法，当然有问题可以激发你学习的动力，但一旦解决不了容易让你崩溃。接下来进入话题，猫狗识别，大致流程如下：

1. 获取训练集及测试集（图像）
2. 构建CNN模型
3. 训练模型，优化参数
4. 测试模型

     以上是所有图像分类一致的处理过程

首先训练集及测试集，在互联网上搜索下载了一些猫和狗的图片，然后把这些图片读入到名称队列中，每次往队列中取一定数量的图片来训练

                                                                                图1 训练集--猫

                                                                                   图2 训练集--狗

图像获取及处理过程为：首先把图像放置在文件夹 train_image 下面，train_image下面再放置两类训练集文件夹0和1，0代表猫，1代表狗，代码中的def get_files(file_path):函数返回的是file_path下面每一类的训练图像路径及标签值（image_list, label_list），代码中的def get_batches(image, label, resize_w, resize_h, batch_size, capacity):是通过训练图像的路径来加载训练图像到名称队列，每次获取一批次的训练图像到内存队列中，这个过程包含了图像裁剪，把图像处理成合适的尺寸，其中用到两个重要的函数：queue = tf.train.slice_input_producer([image, label])  和 image_batch, label_batch = tf.train.batch([image, label], batch_size = batch_size,num_threads = 64, capacity = capacity)，其中tf.train.batch是从内存队列中取出图像数据，每次取batch_size，关于这两个重要的函数，网上有说明可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/dcrmg/article/details/79776876  和  http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/tensorflow-zh/how_tos/reading_data.html，下面贴出图像获取及处理相关代码：

def get_files(file_path):
	class_train = []
	label_train = []
	for train_class in os.listdir(file_path):
		for pic_name in os.listdir(file_path + train_class):
			class_train.append(file_path + train_class + '/' + pic_name)
			label_train.append(train_class)
	temp = np.array([class_train, label_train])
	temp = temp.transpose()
	np.random.shuffle(temp)

	image_list = list(temp[:,0])
	label_list = list(temp[:,1])
	# class is 1 2 3 4 5 
	label_list = [int(i) for i in label_list]
	return image_list, label_list

def get_batches(image, label, resize_w, resize_h, batch_size, capacity):
	image = tf.cast(image, tf.string)
	label = tf.cast(label, tf.int64)
	queue = tf.train.slice_input_producer([image, label])
	label = queue[1]
	image_temp = tf.read_file(queue[0])
	image = tf.image.decode_jpeg(image_temp, channels = 3)
	#resize image 
	image = tf.image.resize_image_with_crop_or_pad(image, resize_w, resize_h)

	image = tf.image.per_image_standardization(image)

	image_batch, label_batch = tf.train.batch([image, label], batch_size = batch_size,
		num_threads = 64,
		capacity = capacity)
	images_batch = tf.cast(image_batch, tf.float32)
	labels_batch = tf.reshape(label_batch, [batch_size])
	return images_batch, labels_batch

接下来是模型构建，卷积层+全连接层，最后将得分通过softmax进行分类，得到每一类的概率

def inference(images, batch_size, n_classes):
    # 
    # conv1
    # 
    with tf.variable_scope('conv1') as scope:
        weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal(shape=[3, 3, 3, 64], stddev=1.0, dtype=tf.float32),
                              name='weights', dtype=tf.float32)

        biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(value=0.1, dtype=tf.float32, shape=[64]),
                             name='biases', dtype=tf.float32)

        conv = tf.nn.conv2d(images, weights, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
        pre_activation = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
        conv1 = tf.nn.relu(pre_activation, name=scope.name)

    # pooling1
    # 
    with tf.variable_scope('pooling1_lrn') as scope:
        pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv1, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME', name='pooling1')
        norm1 = tf.nn.lrn(pool1, depth_radius=4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75, name='norm1')

    # conv2
    with tf.variable_scope('conv2') as scope:
        weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal(shape=[3, 3, 64, 16], stddev=0.1, dtype=tf.float32),
                              name='weights', dtype=tf.float32)

        biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(value=0.1, dtype=tf.float32, shape=[16]),
                             name='biases', dtype=tf.float32)

        conv = tf.nn.conv2d(norm1, weights, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
        pre_activation = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
        conv2 = tf.nn.relu(pre_activation, name='conv2')

    # pooling2
    with tf.variable_scope('pooling2_lrn') as scope:
        norm2 = tf.nn.lrn(conv2, depth_radius=4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75, name='norm2')
        pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(norm2, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME', name='pooling2')

    # fc3
    with tf.variable_scope('local3') as scope:
        reshape = tf.reshape(pool2, shape=[batch_size, -1])
        dim = reshape.get_shape()[1].value
        weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal(shape=[dim, 128], stddev=0.005, dtype=tf.float32),
                              name='weights', dtype=tf.float32)

        biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(value=0.1, dtype=tf.float32, shape=[128]),
                             name='biases', dtype=tf.float32)

        local3 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(reshape, weights) + biases, name=scope.name)

    # fc4
    with tf.variable_scope('local4') as scope:
        weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal(shape=[128, 128], stddev=0.005, dtype=tf.float32),
                              name='weights', dtype=tf.float32)

        biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(value=0.1, dtype=tf.float32, shape=[128]),
                             name='biases', dtype=tf.float32)

        local4 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(local3, weights) + biases, name='local4')

    # dropout
    #    with tf.variable_scope('dropout') as scope:
    #        drop_out = tf.nn.dropout(local4, 0.8)
    with tf.variable_scope('softmax_linear') as scope:
        weights = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal(shape=[128, n_classes], stddev=0.005, dtype=tf.float32),
                              name='softmax_linear', dtype=tf.float32)

        biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(value=0.1, dtype=tf.float32, shape=[n_classes]),
                             name='biases', dtype=tf.float32)

        softmax_linear = tf.add(tf.matmul(local4, weights), biases, name='softmax_linear')

    return softmax_linear


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# cal loss
def losses(logits, labels):
    with tf.variable_scope('loss') as scope:
        cross_entropy = tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=logits, labels=labels,
                                                                       name='xentropy_per_example')
        loss = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy, name='loss')
        tf.summary.scalar(scope.name + '/loss', loss)
    return loss


# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# loss
# loss learning_rate
# train_op
def trainning(loss, learning_rate):
    with tf.name_scope('optimizer'):
        optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate)
        global_step = tf.Variable(0, name='global_step', trainable=False)
        train_op = optimizer.minimize(loss, global_step=global_step)
    return train_op


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------

def evaluation(logits, labels):
    with tf.variable_scope('accuracy') as scope:
        correct = tf.nn.in_top_k(logits, labels, 1)
        correct = tf.cast(correct, tf.float16)
        accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(correct)
        tf.summary.scalar(scope.name + '/accuracy', accuracy)
    return accuracy

接下来是训练过程，

train,train_label = get_files('/home/jyf/jyf/python/PeopleRecong/train_image/')

train_batch, train_label_batch = get_batches(train, train_label, 64, 64, 10, 20)

train_logits = model.inference(train_batch, 10, 2)

train_loss = model.losses(train_logits, train_label_batch)

train_op = model.trainning(train_loss, 0.001)

train_acc = model.evaluation(train_logits, train_label_batch)

summary_op = tf.summary.merge_all()

sess = tf.Session()
train_writer = tf.summary.FileWriter(LOG_DIR, sess.graph)
saver = tf.train.Saver()

sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

coord = tf.train.Coordinator()

threads = tf.train.start_queue_runners(sess=sess, coord=coord)

try:
	for step in np.arange(1000):
		if coord.should_stop():
			break
		_, tra_loss, tra_acc = sess.run([train_op, train_loss, train_acc])

		if step % 10 == 0:
			print('Step %d, train loss=%.2f, train accuracy = %.2f%%' %(step, tra_loss, tra_acc))
			summary_str = sess.run(summary_op)
			train_writer.add_summary(summary_str, step)
		if (step + 1) == 1000:
			checkpoint_path = os.path.join(CHECK_POINT_DIR, 'model_ckpt')
			saver.save(sess, checkpoint_path, global_step=step)
except tf.errors.OutOfRangeError:
	print ('Done training')
finally:
	coord.request_stop()
coord.join(threads)

接下来是测试过程，加载模型，输出测试结果

CHECK_POINT_DIR = '/home/jyf/jyf/python/PeopleRecong/modelsave'
def evaluate_one_image(image_array):
	with tf.Graph().as_default():
		image = tf.cast(image_array, tf.float32)
		image = tf.image.per_image_standardization(image)
		image = tf.reshape(image, [1, 64,64,3])

		logit = model.inference(image, 1, 2)
		logit = tf.nn.softmax(logit)

		x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[64,64,3])

		saver = tf.train.Saver()
		with tf.Session() as sess:
			print ('Reading checkpoints...')
			ckpt = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state(CHECK_POINT_DIR)
			if ckpt and ckpt.model_checkpoint_path:
				global_step = ckpt.model_checkpoint_path.split('/')[-1].split('-')[-1]
				saver.restore(sess, ckpt.model_checkpoint_path)
				print('Loading success, global_step is %s' %global_step)
			else:
				print ('No checkpoint file found')
			prediction = sess.run(logit, feed_dict = {x:image_array})
			max_index = np.argmax(prediction)
			print (prediction)
			if max_index == 0:
				result = ('this is cat rate: %.6f, result prediction is [%s]' %(prediction[:,0],','.join(str(i) for i in prediction[0])))
			else:
				result = ('this is dog rate: %.6f, result prediction is [%s]' %(prediction[:,1],','.join(str(i) for i in prediction[0])))
			return result


if __name__ == '__main__':
	image = Image.open('/home/jyf/jyf/python/PeopleRecong/4.jpg')
	plt.imshow(image)
	plt.show()
	image = image.resize([64,64])
	image = np.array(image)
	print evaluate_one_image(image)

测试结果：

训练过程的损失值曲线：

 

 训练精度曲线图如下：

实验的完整代码已经上传到CSDN下载：https://download.csdn.net/download/jiangyingfeng/10610662