欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  IT编程

使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作

程序员文章站 2022-03-03 23:01:01
pylint是一个不错的代码静态检查工具。将其配置在pycharm中,随时对代码进行分析,确保所有代码都符合pep8规范,以便于养成良好的习惯,将来受用无穷。第一步,配置pylint- program...

pylint是一个不错的代码静态检查工具。将其配置在pycharm中,随时对代码进行分析,确保所有代码都符合pep8规范,以便于养成良好的习惯,将来受用无穷。

第一步,配置pylint

使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作

- program: python安装目录下scripts/pylint.exe

- arguments: --output-format=parseable --disable=r -rn --msg-template="{abspath}:{line}: [{msg_id}({symbol}), {obj}] {msg}" $filepath$

- working firectory: $filedir$

第二步,使用pylint

使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作

第三步,查看输出

使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作

补充知识:pylint在pycharm的使用及pylint的配置

pylint作为python代码风格检查工具,接近 pep8风格,在使用此方法的过程中,发现不仅能让代码更加规范,优雅,更能 发现 隐藏的bug。

pylint在pycharm中的2种安装方式;

第一种效果展示(优点:通过点击错误点,自动定位到文件位置,省时):

使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作

安装步骤在:中;

我的设置如下:

使用方法:单文件 检查:先点击 某个文件内容,再点击 绿色开始的箭头 使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作 即可;

还可以 整个项目检查,只检查改变的文件 等等;

第二种安装使用效果展示(缺点:需要手动的找到错误文件位置,耗时):

使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作

安装步骤在:

使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作

注意点:

使用方法:文件 或文件夹 右击 选择 external tools => pylint 即可

2种安装方式总结:

a.通过pycharm的pylint检测 对 忽略检测文件的的 功能失效,此功能 必须 通过命令行才可使用

b.建议使用第一种方式 安装及使用,因为 省时省力

pylint 忽略 文件夹的正确配置及使用操作:

使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作

示范 项目结构如图 (忽略检查app和 venv 文件夹的所有文件):

使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作

在配置文件中 的 [master]的ignore 的 添加 app,venv 或者 在命令行 中 如下:pylint --ignore app,venv project_name 即可(注意多个忽略之间用 逗号 隔开);

通过命令行(不是pycharm的工具) 运行 脚本即可;命令为 pylint --rcfile=d:\python3.6\pylint_conf\pylint.conf project_name

pylint 禁用某些功能的方法:

在配置文件中的 [messages control] 的 disable 添加 想禁用的功能;

如:报错如下;

使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作

则 在 disable尾部添加 missing-docstring 即可;

pylint在行级别的代码中 禁用某些功能(也就是 不对所有代码禁用某个检测,只对某行代码禁用某个检测):

教程地址:

实例:

在一行代码的 后面 添加注释,便只忽略检查某一行;

使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作

在一个文件的 单独一行 使用 则 此行以下 被忽略;

pylint的配置:

注意点:pylint默认的配置 无法 满足实际的开发需求,需要自行调整;如下代码 为 自行调整的结果;

[master]

# a comma-separated list of package or module names from where c extensions may
# be loaded. extensions are loading into the active python interpreter and may
# run arbitrary code.
extension-pkg-whitelist=

# add files or directories to the blacklist. they should be base names, not
# paths. 选择需要忽略检查的文件夹(在pycharm中使用pylint工具忽略文件夹无效,只能在命令行中生效:pylint --ignore weixin,lib project_name)
ignore=app,venv,install_file,libs

# add files or directories matching the regex patterns to the blacklist. the
# regex matches against base names, not paths.
ignore-patterns=

# python code to execute, usually for sys.path manipulation such as
# pygtk.require().
#init-hook=

# use multiple processes to speed up pylint. specifying 0 will auto-detect the
# number of processors available to use.
jobs=1

# control the amount of potential inferred values when inferring a single
# object. this can help the performance when dealing with large functions or
# complex, nested conditions.
limit-inference-results=100

# list of plugins (as comma separated values of python modules names) to load,
# usually to register additional checkers.
load-plugins=

# pickle collected data for later comparisons.
persistent=no

# specify a configuration file.
#rcfile=

# when enabled, pylint would attempt to guess common misconfiguration and emit
# user-friendly hints instead of false-positive error messages.
suggestion-mode=yes

# allow loading of arbitrary c extensions. extensions are imported into the
# active python interpreter and may run arbitrary code.
unsafe-load-any-extension=no

[messages control]

# only show warnings with the listed confidence levels. leave empty to show
# all. valid levels: high, inference, inference_failure, undefined.
confidence=

# disable the message, report, category or checker with the given id(s). you
# can either give multiple identifiers separated by comma (,) or put this
# option multiple times (only on the command line, not in the configuration
# file where it should appear only once). you can also use "--disable=all" to
# disable everything first and then reenable specific checks. for example, if
# you want to run only the similarities checker, you can use "--disable=all
# --enable=similarities". if you want to run only the classes checker, but have
# no warning level messages displayed, use "--disable=all --enable=classes
# --disable=w". 禁用pylint的某些模块 如 显示: missing class docstring (missing-docstring) 则 添加 括号中的 missing-docstring 到变量中
disable=print-statement,
  parameter-unpacking,
  unpacking-in-except,
  old-raise-syntax,
  backtick,
  long-suffix,
  old-ne-operator,
  old-octal-literal,
  import-star-module-level,
  non-ascii-bytes-literal,
  raw-checker-failed,
  bad-inline-option,
  locally-disabled,
  file-ignored,
  suppressed-message,
  useless-suppression,
  deprecated-pragma,
  use-symbolic-message-instead,
  apply-builtin,
  basestring-builtin,
  buffer-builtin,
  cmp-builtin,
  coerce-builtin,
  execfile-builtin,
  file-builtin,
  long-builtin,
  raw_input-builtin,
  reduce-builtin,
  standarderror-builtin,
  unicode-builtin,
  xrange-builtin,
  coerce-method,
  delslice-method,
  getslice-method,
  setslice-method,
  no-absolute-import,
  old-division,
  dict-iter-method,
  dict-view-method,
  next-method-called,
  metaclass-assignment,
  indexing-exception,
  raising-string,
  reload-builtin,
  oct-method,
  hex-method,
  nonzero-method,
  cmp-method,
  input-builtin,
  round-builtin,
  intern-builtin,
  unichr-builtin,
  map-builtin-not-iterating,
  zip-builtin-not-iterating,
  range-builtin-not-iterating,
  filter-builtin-not-iterating,
  using-cmp-argument,
  eq-without-hash,
  div-method,
  idiv-method,
  rdiv-method,
  exception-message-attribute,
  invalid-str-codec,
  sys-max-int,
  bad-python3-import,
  deprecated-string-function,
  deprecated-str-translate-call,
  deprecated-itertools-function,
  deprecated-types-field,
  next-method-defined,
  dict-items-not-iterating,
  dict-keys-not-iterating,
  dict-values-not-iterating,
  deprecated-operator-function,
  deprecated-urllib-function,
  xreadlines-attribute,
  deprecated-sys-function,
  exception-escape,
  comprehension-escape,
  wrong-import-position, # 去掉 文件导入位置,不符合实际需求
  logging-not-lazy, # 去掉 日志打印相关
  missing-docstring,
  unnecessary-pass, # 去掉 判断 空函数 不能加pass的校验
  redefined-builtin, # 去掉 命名和 python内置函数名或类名冲突 的校验,如 python的next()函数,则变量不能命名为next
  no-self-use, # 去掉 类中没有自己调用的 检测
  too-few-public-methods, # 去掉 检测 类中方法太少 的功能
  no-else-return, # 去掉 if中有return,else中不能有return的 校验
  no-else-raise, # 去掉 if中有raise,else中不能有raise的 校验



# enable the message, report, category or checker with the given id(s). you can
# either give multiple identifier separated by comma (,) or put this option
# multiple time (only on the command line, not in the configuration file where
# it should appear only once). see also the "--disable" option for examples.
enable=c-extension-no-member

[reports]

# python expression which should return a note less than 10 (10 is the highest
# note). you have access to the variables errors warning, statement which
# respectively contain the number of errors / warnings messages and the total
# number of statements analyzed. this is used by the global evaluation report
# (rp0004).
evaluation=10.0 - ((float(5 * error + warning + refactor + convention) / statement) * 10)

# template used to display messages. this is a python new-style format string
# used to format the message information. see doc for all details.
#msg-template=

# set the output format. available formats are text, parseable, colorized, json
# and msvs (visual studio). you can also give a reporter class, e.g.
# mypackage.mymodule.myreporterclass.
output-format=colorized

# tells whether to display a full report or only the messages.
reports=yes

# activate the evaluation score.
score=yes

[refactoring]

# maximum number of nested blocks for function / method body;函数或方法的最大嵌套块数
max-nested-blocks=5

# complete name of functions that never returns. when checking for
# inconsistent-return-statements if a never returning function is called then
# it will be considered as an explicit return statement and no message will be
# printed.
never-returning-functions=sys.exit

[basic]
# 基础设置
# naming style matching correct argument names. 参数命名风格
argument-naming-style=snake_case

# regular expression matching correct argument names. overrides argument-
# naming-style. 不能有大写字母
argument-rgx=([^a-z]+$)

# naming style matching correct attribute names.属性命名风格
attr-naming-style=snake_case

# regular expression matching correct attribute names. overrides attr-naming-
# style.不能有大写字母
attr-rgx=([^a-z]+$)

# bad variable names which should always be refused, separated by a comma. 应该被拒绝的变量命名 穷举,用逗号隔开
bad-names=foo,
   bar,
   baz,
   toto,
   tutu,
   tata

# naming style matching correct class attribute names.类属性命名风格
class-attribute-naming-style=any

# regular expression matching correct class attribute names. overrides class-
# attribute-naming-style.
#class-attribute-rgx=

# naming style matching correct class names.类命名风格
class-naming-style=pascalcase

# regular expression matching correct class names. overrides class-naming-
# style.
#class-rgx=

# naming style matching correct constant names.常量命名风格
const-naming-style=any

# regular expression matching correct constant names. overrides const-naming-
# style.
#const-rgx=

# minimum line length for functions/classes that require docstrings, shorter
# ones are exempt. 函数或类 的文档注释的最短长度
docstring-min-length=-1

# naming style matching correct function names. 函数命名风格
function-naming-style=snake_case

# regular expression matching correct function names. overrides function-
# naming-style.
#function-rgx=

# good variable names which should always be accepted, separated by a comma.好的 变量命名 穷举,用逗号隔开
good-names=i,
   j,
   k,
   ex,
   run,
   _

# include a hint for the correct naming format with invalid-name.
include-naming-hint=no

# naming style matching correct inline iteration names.
inlinevar-naming-style=any

# regular expression matching correct inline iteration names. overrides
# inlinevar-naming-style.
#inlinevar-rgx=

# naming style matching correct method names.
method-naming-style=snake_case

# regular expression matching correct method names. overrides method-naming-
# style.
#method-rgx=

# naming style matching correct module names.
module-naming-style=snake_case

# regular expression matching correct module names. overrides module-naming-
# style.
#module-rgx=

# colon-delimited sets of names that determine each other's naming style when
# the name regexes allow several styles.
name-group=

# regular expression which should only match function or class names that do
# not require a docstring. 不需要文档注释的函数或类 的 匹配的正则;如下为 匹配除了以_开头 的 其他函数或类
no-docstring-rgx=^_

# list of decorators that produce properties, such as abc.abstractproperty. add
# to this list to register other decorators that produce valid properties.
# these decorators are taken in consideration only for invalid-name. 不理解
property-classes=abc.abstractproperty

# naming style matching correct variable names. 变量命名风格
variable-naming-style=snake_case

# regular expression matching correct variable names. overrides variable-
# naming-style. 变量命名风格 正则匹配 覆盖上面的 本规则:不能有大写字母
variable-rgx=([^a-z]+$)

[format]
# 格式的设置
# expected format of line ending, e.g. empty (空字符), lf(换行) or crlf(回车并换行). 行结束的预期格式;
expected-line-ending-format=

# regexp for a line that is allowed to be longer than the limit. 运行超过行长度的 符合正则的 字符;如下为:注释的http或https请求
ignore-long-lines=^\s*(# )?<?https?://\s+>?$

# number of spaces of indent required inside a hanging or continued line. 行缩进数
indent-after-paren=4

# string used as indentation unit. this is usually " " (4 spaces) or "\t" (1
# tab). 字符串缩进
indent-string=' '

# maximum number of characters on a single line. 最大行字符长度
max-line-length=125

# maximum number of lines in a module. 一个文件最大行数
max-module-lines=1000

# list of optional constructs for which whitespace checking is disabled. `dict-
# separator` is used to allow tabulation in dicts, etc.: {1 : 1,\n222: 2}.
# `trailing-comma` allows a space between comma and closing bracket: (a, ).
# `empty-line` allows space-only lines. 没有空格的检查
no-space-check=trailing-comma,
    dict-separator

# allow the body of a class to be on the same line as the declaration if body
# contains single statement. 允许类的主体与声明在同一行
single-line-class-stmt=no

# allow the body of an if to be on the same line as the test if there is no
# else. 不理解
single-line-if-stmt=no

[logging]

# format style used to check logging format string. `old` means using %
# formatting, while `new` is for `{}` formatting. 日志代码风格 old:'%s' % ('日志内容'); new: '{}'.format('日志内容')
# 此方法 目前不支持 new的方式,禁用可在 disable 中 添加 logging-format-interpolation
logging-format-style=new

# logging modules to check that the string format arguments are in logging
# function parameter format.
logging-modules=logging

[miscellaneous]

# list of note tags to take in consideration, separated by a comma.注释标签列表
notes=fixme,
  xxx,
  todo

[similarities]
# 相似性
# ignore comments when computing similarities.
ignore-comments=yes

# ignore docstrings when computing similarities.
ignore-docstrings=yes

# ignore imports when computing similarities.
ignore-imports=no

# minimum lines number of a similarity.
min-similarity-lines=4

[spelling]

# limits count of emitted suggestions for spelling mistakes.不理解
max-spelling-suggestions=4

# spelling dictionary name. available dictionaries: none. to make it working
# install python-enchant package.. 拼写词典名字
spelling-dict=

# list of comma separated words that should not be checked.拼写忽略的单词
spelling-ignore-words=

# a path to a file that contains private dictionary; one word per line.
spelling-private-dict-file=

# tells whether to store unknown words to indicated private dictionary in
# --spelling-private-dict-file option instead of raising a message.
spelling-store-unknown-words=no

[string]

# this flag controls whether the implicit-str-concat-in-sequence should
# generate a warning on implicit string concatenation in sequences defined over
# several lines.不理解
check-str-concat-over-line-jumps=no

[typecheck]

# list of decorators that produce context managers, such as
# contextlib.contextmanager. add to this list to register other decorators that
# produce valid context managers.
contextmanager-decorators=contextlib.contextmanager

# list of members which are set dynamically and missed by pylint inference
# system, and so shouldn't trigger e1101 when accessed. python regular
# expressions are accepted.
generated-members=

# tells whether missing members accessed in mixin class should be ignored. a
# mixin class is detected if its name ends with "mixin" (case insensitive).
ignore-mixin-members=yes

# tells whether to warn about missing members when the owner of the attribute
# is inferred to be none.
ignore-none=yes

# this flag controls whether pylint should warn about no-member and similar
# checks whenever an opaque object is returned when inferring. the inference
# can return multiple potential results while evaluating a python object, but
# some branches might not be evaluated, which results in partial inference. in
# that case, it might be useful to still emit no-member and other checks for
# the rest of the inferred objects.
ignore-on-opaque-inference=yes

# list of class names for which member attributes should not be checked (useful
# for classes with dynamically set attributes). this supports the use of
# qualified names.
ignored-classes=optparse.values,thread._local,_thread._local

# list of module names for which member attributes should not be checked
# (useful for modules/projects where namespaces are manipulated during runtime
# and thus existing member attributes cannot be deduced by static analysis. it
# supports qualified module names, as well as unix pattern matching.
ignored-modules=

# show a hint with possible names when a member name was not found. the aspect
# of finding the hint is based on edit distance.
missing-member-hint=yes

# the minimum edit distance a name should have in order to be considered a
# similar match for a missing member name.
missing-member-hint-distance=1

# the total number of similar names that should be taken in consideration when
# showing a hint for a missing member.
missing-member-max-choices=1

[variables]

# list of additional names supposed to be defined in builtins. remember that
# you should avoid defining new builtins when possible.
additional-builtins=

# tells whether unused global variables should be treated as a violation.
allow-global-unused-variables=yes

# list of strings which can identify a callback function by name. a callback
# name must start or end with one of those strings.
callbacks=cb_,
   _cb

# a regular expression matching the name of dummy variables (i.e. expected to
# not be used).
dummy-variables-rgx=_+$|(_[a-za-z0-9_]*[a-za-z0-9]+?$)|dummy|^ignored_|^unused_

# argument names that match this expression will be ignored. default to name
# with leading underscore.
ignored-argument-names=_.*|^ignored_|^unused_

# tells whether we should check for unused import in __init__ files.对于__init__文件的 导入不用检查是否被使用
init-import=no

# list of qualified module names which can have objects that can redefine
# builtins.
redefining-builtins-modules=six.moves,past.builtins,future.builtins,builtins,io

[classes]

# list of method names used to declare (i.e. assign) instance attributes.
defining-attr-methods=__init__,
      __new__,
      setup

# list of member names, which should be excluded from the protected access
# warning.
exclude-protected=_asdict,
     _fields,
     _replace,
     _source,
     _make

# list of valid names for the first argument in a class method.
valid-classmethod-first-arg=cls

# list of valid names for the first argument in a metaclass class method.
valid-metaclass-classmethod-first-arg=cls

[design]

# maximum number of arguments for function / method.一个函数或方法的最大参数个数
max-args=8

# maximum number of attributes for a class (see r0902).一个类最多的属性个数
max-attributes=15

# maximum number of boolean expressions in an if statement.if语句中的最大布尔表达式个数
max-bool-expr=5

# maximum number of branch for function / method body.一个函数或方法最大的分支个数(if else 个数)
max-branches=15

# maximum number of locals for function / method body. 最大局部变量个数
max-locals=30

# maximum number of parents for a class (see r0901).类的最大父类个数
max-parents=7

# maximum number of public methods for a class (see r0904).类中公共方法个数
max-public-methods=50

# maximum number of return / yield for function / method body.一个函数最大return个数
max-returns=10

# maximum number of statements in function / method body.
max-statements=100

# minimum number of public methods for a class (see r0903).
min-public-methods=2

[imports]

# allow wildcard imports from modules that define __all__.
allow-wildcard-with-all=no

# analyse import fallback blocks. this can be used to support both python 2 and
# 3 compatible code, which means that the block might have code that exists
# only in one or another interpreter, leading to false positives when analysed.
analyse-fallback-blocks=no

# deprecated modules which should not be used, separated by a comma.不该被使用的废弃模块
deprecated-modules=optparse,tkinter.tix

# create a graph of external dependencies in the given file (report rp0402 must
# not be disabled).
ext-import-graph=

# create a graph of every (i.e. internal and external) dependencies in the
# given file (report rp0402 must not be disabled).
import-graph=

# create a graph of internal dependencies in the given file (report rp0402 must
# not be disabled).
int-import-graph=

# force import order to recognize a module as part of the standard
# compatibility libraries.
known-standard-library=

# force import order to recognize a module as part of a third party library.
known-third-party=enchant


[exceptions]

# exceptions that will emit a warning when being caught. defaults to
# "baseexception, exception". 捕获的异常包含 exception,baseexception会被 警告显示,这里 去掉了 exception(因为代码里基本都是这种异常)
overgeneral-exceptions=baseexception,


# 其他注释
#报错 详解 http://pylint.pycqa.org/en/latest/technical_reference/features.html
# inconsistent-return-statements 当函数中 if 有return else 没有resturn

以上这篇使用pycharm和pylint检查python代码规范操作就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持。