Linux基础学习-网络管理

程序员文章站 2022-04-04 16:48:26

Linux系统网络管理NetworkManager 1 启动网络管理服务和开机自启动在rhel7中网路管理相关命令 ,`nmtui nmtui edit nm connection editor` 服务启动 | 描述 | systemctl start NetworkManager | 启动服务 ......

Linux系统网络管理NetworkManager

1 启动网络管理服务和开机自启动
在rhel7中网路管理相关命令nmcli,nmtui,nmtui-edit,nm-connection-editor

服务启动	描述
systemctl start NetworkManager	启动服务
systemctl restart NetworkManager	重启服务
systemctl stop NetworkManager	停止服务
systemctl enable NetworkManager	开机自启动服务
systemctl disable NetworkManager	取消开机自启动

[root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl disable NetworkManager
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service.
[root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl enable NetworkManager
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager-dispatcher.service.

[root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl is-enabled NetworkManager
enabled
[root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl is-active NetworkManager
active

2 查看设备状态命令nmcli device和nmcli connection

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device 
DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION 
ens32       ethernet  connected  ens32      
virbr0      bridge    connected  virbr0     
lo          loopback  unmanaged  --         
virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged  --  

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection 
NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens32   b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d  ethernet  ens32  
virbr0  8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332  bridge    virbr0

3 查看ip地址

[root@qdlinux ~]# ifconfig ens32
ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.5  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        inet6 fe80::65fe:5243:aab7:46ac  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 834  bytes 72426 (70.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 584  bytes 69140 (67.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@qdlinux ~]# ip address show ens32
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.56.5/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global noprefixroute ens32
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::65fe:5243:aab7:46ac/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@qdlinux ~]# ip -s link show ens32
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast   
    85134      991      0       0       0       0       
    TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns 
    80226      678      0       0       0       0

生成新的配置文件

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection add con-name ens33-dhcp ifname ens32 autoconnect yes type ethernet ipv4.method auto 
Connection 'ens33-dhcp' (ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4) successfully added.

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection 
NAME        UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens32       b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d  ethernet  ens32  
virbr0      8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332  bridge    virbr0 
ens33-dhcp  ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4  ethernet  --

查看配置文件

[root@qdlinux ~]# less /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33-dhcp 
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33-dhcp
UUID=ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4
DEVICE=ens32
ONBOOT=yes
(END)

启动新的配置文件,如果此时是用ssh连接上去的会掉线.

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection up ens33-dhcp 

Socket error Event: 32 Error: 10053.
Connection closing...Socket close.

Connection closed by foreign host.

Disconnected from remote host(192.168.56.5) at 09:49:30.

在虚拟机中查看ip地址,发现ip地址已经自动获取,并且已经改变.

Linux基础学习-网络管理

现在切换原来的配置文件,ssh再次连接又连接上去了.

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection up ens32

[root@qdlinux ~]# ifconfig ens32
ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.5  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        inet6 fe80::65fe:5243:aab7:46ac  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 2508  bytes 205179 (200.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1514  bytes 196730 (192.1 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

虚拟机中重新添加一块网卡用于实验,查看一下设备名称和ip地址

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device 
DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION         
ens32       ethernet  connected  ens32              
ens34       ethernet  connected  Wired connection 1 
virbr0      bridge    connected  virbr0             
lo          loopback  unmanaged  --                 
virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged  --                 
[root@qdlinux ~]# ifconfig
ens32: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.5  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        inet6 fe80::65fe:5243:aab7:46ac  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:9f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 3153  bytes 258362 (252.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1797  bytes 227166 (221.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens34: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.103  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        inet6 fe80::3432:a743:270f:eb3d  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:2e:6e:a9  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 47  bytes 3569 (3.4 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 23  bytes 4673 (4.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

删除该设备配置文件,重新配置一个新的配置文件.

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection delete 
ens32                 help                  path                  virbr0                
ens33-dhcp            id                    uuid                  Wired\ connection\ 1  
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection delete "Wired connection 1"
Connection 'Wired connection 1' (e9c28a80-5519-359b-919f-4a0d572044e3) successfully deleted.
[root@qdlinux ~]#

查看一下网络设备状态

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection 
NAME        UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens32       b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d  ethernet  ens32  
virbr0      8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332  bridge    virbr0 
ens33-dhcp  ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4  ethernet  --     
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device 
DEVICE      TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION 
ens32       ethernet  connected     ens32      
virbr0      bridge    connected     virbr0     
ens34       ethernet  disconnected  --         
lo          loopback  unmanaged     --         
virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged     --

添加一个手动配置文件

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection add con-name ens34-static ifname ens34 type ethernet ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes ipv4.addresses 192.168.56.26/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.56.2 ipv4.dns 202.102.134.68 +ipv4.dns 202.102.128.68
Connection 'ens34-static' (7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4) successfully added.

再查看一个设备状态

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device 
DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION   
ens32       ethernet  connected  ens32        
ens34       ethernet  connected  ens34-static 
virbr0      bridge    connected  virbr0       
lo          loopback  unmanaged  --           
virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged  --           
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection 
NAME          UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens32         b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d  ethernet  ens32  
ens34-static  7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4  ethernet  ens34  
virbr0        8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332  bridge    virbr0 
ens33-dhcp    ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4  ethernet  --

查看一下该配置文件信息

[root@qdlinux ~]# less /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34-static 
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.56.26
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.56.2
DNS1=202.102.134.68
DNS2=202.102.128.68
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens34-static
UUID=7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4
DEVICE=ens34
ONBOOT=yes

修改开机自启动

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection modify ens34-static autoconnect no
[root@qdlinux ~]# tail /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34-static 
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens34-static
UUID=7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4
DEVICE=ens34
ONBOOT=no

修改DNS通过+/-添加删除dns

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection modify ens34-static ipv4.dns 202.102.134.68
[root@qdlinux ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34-static | grep DNS
DNS1=202.102.134.68

手动方式修改配置文件

通过手动方式修改配置文件,首先复制一份原始配置命名为ifcfg-ens35-static,修改配置名称、协议、删除UUID、IP地址

[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens35-static 
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static //修改为static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens35-static//修改为ens35-static
DEVICE=ens35//修改为ens35
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.56.26
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.56.2
DNS1=202.102.134.68
DNS2=114.114.114.114

重新加载一下配置文件启动配置

[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# nmcli connection reload 
[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# nmcli device 
DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION   
ens32       ethernet  connected  ens32        
ens34       ethernet  connected  ens34-static 
ens35       ethernet  connected  ens35-static 
virbr0      bridge    connected  virbr0       
lo          loopback  unmanaged  --           
virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged  --           
[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# nmcli connection 
NAME          UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens32         b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d  ethernet  ens32  
ens34-static  7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4  ethernet  ens34  
ens35-static  c3f27806-e8cf-8d29-2fba-c732def2dc76  ethernet  ens35  
virbr0        8e94e1f3-ca47-40b3-9003-15c741bcd332  bridge    virbr0 
ens33-dhcp    ee3fc1d8-8d0e-4749-a624-cbdf6505bfe4  ethernet  --     

[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# nmcli connection down ens35-static ; nmcli connection up ens35-static

修改centos默认ens32为eth0方法

[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# vim /etc/sysconfig/grub 
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rhgb net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

//重新加载一下
[root@qdlinux network-scripts]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-52d8eda1b73640adbcf5f8c63832171a
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-52d8eda1b73640adbcf5f8c63832171a.img
done
[root@qdlinux network-scripts]#

重新启动计算机,发现已经修改成功

[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli connection 
NAME         UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
eth0         b6ee9f55-35dd-41b0-865d-d83bc597877d  ethernet  eth0   
eth1-static  7050b2ec-2d8b-42a8-be2b-856d92dc66a4  ethernet  eth1   
eth2-static  8f105ed6-1361-8e14-51fd-dedb8ef3510a  ethernet  eth2   
virbr0       9a190443-83a0-4623-a6b4-a62fdda2d167  bridge    virbr0 
[root@qdlinux ~]# nmcli device 
DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION  
eth0        ethernet  connected  eth0        
eth1        ethernet  connected  eth1-static 
eth2        ethernet  connected  eth2-static 
virbr0      bridge    connected  virbr0      
lo          loopback  unmanaged  --          
virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged  --

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