一文彻底解决Ubuntu上PHP的安装以及版本切换

Ubuntu上官方的源，比如 Ubuntu14.04 默认源中的是 PHP5.6.x、Ubuntu16.04 默认源中的是 PHP7.0.x，那么如果想在 Ubuntu16.04 上安装 PHP7.1，PHP7.2，应该怎么办呢？

答案是通过第三方的源来安装，ppa:ondrej/php 是一个比较知名的PHP源（目前维护php5.6,php7.0,php7.1,php7.2）。下面就用这个源来安装自己想要的PHP版本。

1. 通过源安装PHP

   sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get upgrade
   sudo apt-get install php7.1   # for PHP 7.1
   sudo apt-get install php7.0   # for PHP 7.0
   sudo apt-get install php5.6   # for PHP 5.6

2. 安装相关版本的PHP模块

   sudo apt-cache search php7*
   ...
   php-all-dev - package depending on all supported PHP development packages
   php7.0 - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage)
   php7.0-cgi - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (CGI binary)
   php7.0-cli - command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language
   php7.0-common - documentation, examples and common module for PHP
   php7.0-curl - CURL module for PHP
   php7.0-dev - Files for PHP7.0 module development
   php7.0-gd - GD module for PHP
   php7.0-gmp - GMP module for PHP
   ...
   ...
   ...
   php7.1-xml - DOM, SimpleXML, WDDX, XML, and XSL module for PHP
   php7.1-xmlrpc - XMLRPC-EPI module for PHP
   php7.1-zip - Zip module for PHP
   php7.1-opcache - Zend OpCache module for PHP
   php7.1 - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage)
   php7.1-xsl - XSL module for PHP (dummy)
   ...
   ...
   php7.2-bcmath - Bcmath module for PHP
   php7.2-bz2 - bzip2 module for PHP
   php7.2-cgi - server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (CGI binary)
   php7.2-cli - command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language
   php7.2-common - documentation, examples and common module for PHP
   php7.2-curl - CURL module for PHP
   php7.2-dba - DBA module for PHP

3. 选择需要的模块，安装之

   sudo apt-get install php7.2-curl php7.2-dev php7.2-gd php7.2-imap php7.2-intl php7.2-mbstring php7.2-mysql php7.2-xml php7.2-zip

4. 切换PHP版本

   sudo update-alternatives --config php

5. 设置Apache与正确的PHP版本一起运行

   sudo a2dismod php7.1         # unload the current version
   sudo a2enmod  php5.6         # load the version you need
   sudo service apache2 restart # restart webserver to apply

到此结束，再也不用担心安装PHP，切换PHP版本这些事情啦。