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POI和EasyExcel对EXCEL表格的操作

程序员文章站 2022-04-03 16:03:16
1.POI简介Apache POI是Apache软件基金会的开放源码函式库，POI提供API给Java程序对Microsoft Office格式档案读和写的功能。基本功能结构:HSSF - 提供读写Microsoft Excel格式档案的功能。XSSF - 提供读写Microsoft ExcelOOXML格式档案的功能。HWPF - 提供读写Microsoft Word格式档案的功能。HSLF - 提供读写Microsoft PowerPoint格式档案的功能。HD.....

1.POI简介

Apache POI是Apache软件基金会的开放源码函式库，POI提供API给Java程序对Microsoft Office格式档案读和写的功能。

基本功能 

结构:

  • HSSF - 提供读写Microsoft Excel格式档案的功能。
  • XSSF - 提供读写Microsoft Excel OOXML格式档案的功能。
  • HWPF - 提供读写Microsoft Word格式档案的功能。
  • HSLF - 提供读写Microsoft PowerPoint格式档案的功能。
  • HDGF - 提供读写Microsoft Visio格式档案的功能。

官方文档：https://poi.apache.org/

2.POI操作 

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.newer.poiDemo</groupId>
    <artifactId>poiDemo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>6</source>
                    <target>6</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.62</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
             <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
             <version>3.9</version>
         </dependency>

         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
             <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
             <version>3.9</version>
         </dependency>-->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>joda-time</groupId>
            <artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
            <version>2.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>



    </dependencies>


</project>

ExcelReadTest.java

package com.newer.poiDemo;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDateUtil;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFormulaEvaluator;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;

public class ExcelReadTest {

    String path = "D:\\ideaProject\\poiDemo\\";

    @Test
    public void testRead03() throws IOException {
        //获取文件流
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(path + "小灰灰03.xls");
        //创建工作薄，使用Excel------尽量使用面向接口编程
        Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
        //得到表
        Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
        //得到行
        Row row = sheet.getRow(0);
        //得到列
        Cell cell = row.getCell(0);
        //
        Cell cell1 = row.getCell(1);

        //输出列值
        System.out.println(cell.getStringCellValue());
        System.out.println(cell1.getNumericCellValue());
        //关闭流
        fileInputStream.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void testRead07() throws IOException {
        //获取文件流
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(path + "小灰灰07.xlsx");
        //创建工作薄，使用Excel------尽量使用面向接口编程
        Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
        //得到表
        Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
        //得到行
        Row row = sheet.getRow(0);
        //得到列
        Cell cell = row.getCell(0);
        //
        Cell cell1 = row.getCell(1);

        //输出列值
        System.out.println(cell.getStringCellValue());
        System.out.println(cell1.getNumericCellValue());
        //关闭流
        fileInputStream.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void testCellType() throws IOException {

        //获取文件流
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(path + "明细表.xls");
        //创建工作薄
        Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
        //获取表
        Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
        //获取标题内容
        Row rowTitle = sheet.getRow(0);
        //判断标题是否为空
        if (rowTitle != null) {
            //获取标题单元格（列）数量
            int cellCount = rowTitle.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
            for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < cellCount; cellNum++) {
                Cell cell = rowTitle.getCell(cellNum);
                //判断单元格是否为空
                if (cell != null) {
                    //获取单元格类型
                    int cellType = cell.getCellType();
                    //获取各个单元格内容
                    String cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
                    System.out.print(cellValue + "|");
                }
            }
            System.out.println();
        }

        //获取表中行的数量
        int rowCount = sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows();
        for (int rowNum = 1; rowNum < rowCount; rowNum++) {
            //获取表中行的内容
            Row rowData = sheet.getRow(rowNum);
            //判断行中内容是否为空
            if (rowData != null) {
                //读取单元格（列）数量---可通过标题的列数
                int cellCount = rowTitle.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
                for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < cellCount; cellNum++) {
                    //System.out.println("["+(rowNum+1)+"-"+(cellNum+1)+"]");
                    //获取列的内容
                    Cell cell = rowData.getCell(cellNum);

                    //匹配数据类型
                    if (cell != null) {
                        //获取数据类型
                        int cellType = cell.getCellType();
                        String cellValue = "";
                        switch (cellType) {
                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING://字符串
                                System.out.print("[String]");
                                cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
                                break;
                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN://布尔
                                System.out.print("[Boolean]");
                                cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getBooleanCellValue());
                                break;
                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK://空
                                System.out.print("[BLANK]");
                                break;
                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC://数字（日期，普通数字）
                                System.out.print("[NUMERIC]");
                                if (HSSFDateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {//日期
                                    System.out.print("[日期]");
                                    Date date = cell.getDateCellValue();
                                    //将日期转字符串
                                    cellValue = new DateTime(date).toString("yyyy-MM-dd");
                                } else {
                                    //不是日期格式，防止数字过长
                                    System.out.print("[普通数字]");
                                    cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                    cellValue = cell.toString();
                                }
                                break;
                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR://错误类型
                                System.out.print("[数据类型错误]");
                                break;
                        }
                        System.out.println(cellValue);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        fileInputStream.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void testFormula() throws IOException {
        //获取流
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(path + "公式表.xls");
        Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
        Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);

        Row row = sheet.getRow(4);
        Cell cell = row.getCell(0);

        //拿到计算公式
        FormulaEvaluator formulaEvaluator = new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) workbook);

        //输出单元格内容
        int cellType = cell.getCellType();
        switch (cellType){
            case Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA://公式
                String formula = cell.getCellFormula();
                System.out.println(formula);//SUM(A2:A4)

                //计算
                CellValue evaluate = formulaEvaluator.evaluate(cell);
                String cellValue = evaluate.formatAsString();
                System.out.println(cellValue);//800.0
                break;
        }

    }


}

ExcelWriteTest.java

package com.newer.poiDemo;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ExcelWriteTest {

    String path = "D:\\ideaProject\\poiDemo\\";

    @Test
    public void testWrite03() throws IOException {
        //1.创建工作薄ctrl+alt+v
        Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
        //创建工作表
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("小灰灰");
        //创建第一行
        Row row1 = sheet.createRow(0);
        //4.创建列
        Cell cell1 = row1.createCell(0);
        cell1.setCellValue("今日新增观众");
        //1,2
        Cell cell2 = row1.createCell(1);
        cell2.setCellValue(666);

        //创建第二行
        Row row2 = sheet.createRow(1);
        Cell cell21 = row2.createCell(0);
        cell21.setCellValue("统计时间");
        Cell cell22 = row2.createCell(1);
        String time = new DateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        //ctrl+alt+l
        cell22.setCellValue(time);

        //生成一张表 03版本xls结尾
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(path + "小灰灰03.xls");
        workbook.write(fileOutputStream);

        //关闭流
        fileOutputStream.close();

        System.out.println("小灰灰03生成完毕！");
    }

    @Test
    public void testWrite07() throws IOException {
        //1.创建工作薄ctrl+alt+v
        Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
        //创建工作表
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("小灰灰");
        //创建第一行
        Row row1 = sheet.createRow(0);
        //4..创建列
        Cell cell1 = row1.createCell(0);
        cell1.setCellValue("今日新增观众");
        //1,2
        Cell cell2 = row1.createCell(1);
        cell2.setCellValue(666);

        //创建第二行
        Row row2 = sheet.createRow(1);
        Cell cell21 = row2.createCell(0);
        cell21.setCellValue("统计时间");
        Cell cell22 = row2.createCell(1);
        String time = new DateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        //ctrl+alt+l
        cell22.setCellValue(time);

        //生成一张表 07版本xlsx结尾
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(path + "小灰灰07.xlsx");
        workbook.write(fileOutputStream);

        //关闭流
        fileOutputStream.close();

        System.out.println("小灰灰07生成完毕！");
    }

    @Test
    public void testWrite03BigData() throws IOException {
        //时间
        long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
        //创建一个薄
       Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
       //创建表
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
        //写入数据
        for (int rowNum=0;rowNum<65536;rowNum++){
            Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum);
            for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < 10; cellNum++) {
                Cell cell = row.createCell(cellNum);
                cell.setCellValue(cellNum);
            }
        }

        System.out.println("over");
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(path + "testWrite03BigData.xls");
        workbook.write(fileOutputStream);
        //关闭流
        fileOutputStream.close();
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println((double)end-begin/1000);
    }

    @Test
    public void testWrite07BigData() throws IOException {
        //时间
        long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
        //创建一个薄
        Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
        //创建表
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
        //写入数据
        for (int rowNum=0;rowNum<100000;rowNum++){
            Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum);
            for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < 10; cellNum++) {
                Cell cell = row.createCell(cellNum);
                cell.setCellValue(cellNum);
            }
        }

        System.out.println("over");
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(path + "testWrite07BigData.xlsx");
        workbook.write(fileOutputStream);
        //关闭流
        fileOutputStream.close();
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println((double)end-begin/1000);
    }

    @Test
    public void testWrite07BigDataS() throws IOException {
        //时间
        long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
        //创建一个薄
        Workbook workbook = new SXSSFWorkbook();
        //创建表
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
        //写入数据
        for (int rowNum=0;rowNum<100000;rowNum++){
            Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum);
            for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < 10; cellNum++) {
                Cell cell = row.createCell(cellNum);
                cell.setCellValue(cellNum);
            }
        }

        System.out.println("over");
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(path + "testWrite07BigDataS.xlsx");
        workbook.write(fileOutputStream);
        //关闭流
        fileOutputStream.close();
        //清除临时文件
       // (SXSSFWorkbook)workbook.dispose();


        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println((double)end-begin/1000);
    }

}

3.EasyExcel概述及使用

官方文档：https://www.yuque.com/easyexcel/doc/easyexcel

EasyExcel是一个基于Java的简单、省内存的读写Excel的开源项目。在尽可能节约内存的情况下支持读写百M的Excel

pom.xml 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.newer.poiDemo</groupId>
    <artifactId>poiDemo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>6</source>
                    <target>6</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.62</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
             <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
             <version>3.9</version>
         </dependency>

         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
             <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
             <version>3.9</version>
         </dependency>-->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>joda-time</groupId>
            <artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
            <version>2.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>



    </dependencies>


</project>

DemoData.java

package com.newer.easy;

import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelIgnore;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelProperty;
import lombok.Data;


import java.util.Date;

@Data
public class DemoData {


        @ExcelProperty("字符串标题")
        private String string;
        @ExcelProperty("日期标题")
        private Date date;
        @ExcelProperty("数字标题")
        private Double doubleData;
        /**
         * 忽略这个字段
         */
        @ExcelIgnore
        private String ignore;

}

 DemoDAO.java

package com.newer.easy;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 假设这个是你的DAO存储。当然还要这个类让spring管理，当然你不用需要存储，也不需要这个类。
 **/
public class DemoDAO {
    public void save(List<DemoData> list) {
        // 如果是mybatis,尽量别直接调用多次insert,自己写一个mapper里面新增一个方法batchInsert,所有数据一次性插入
    }
}

DemoDataListener.java

package com.newer.easy;

import com.alibaba.excel.context.AnalysisContext;
import com.alibaba.excel.event.AnalysisEventListener;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

// 有个很重要的点 DemoDataListener 不能被spring管理，要每次读取excel都要new,然后里面用到spring可以构造方法传进去
public class DemoDataListener extends AnalysisEventListener<DemoData> {
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoDataListener.class);
    /**
     * 每隔5条存储数据库，实际使用中可以3000条，然后清理list ，方便内存回收
     */
    private static final int BATCH_COUNT = 5;
    List<DemoData> list = new ArrayList<DemoData>();

    private DemoDAO demoDAO;
    public DemoDataListener() {
        // 这里是demo，所以随便new一个。实际使用如果到了spring,请使用下面的有参构造函数
        demoDAO = new DemoDAO();
    }
    /**
     * 如果使用了spring,请使用这个构造方法。每次创建Listener的时候需要把spring管理的类传进来
     *
     * @param demoDAO
     */
    public DemoDataListener(DemoDAO demoDAO) {
        this.demoDAO = demoDAO;
    }

    //读取数据会执行invoke
    //DemoData类型
    //AnalysisContext 分析上下文
    @Override
    public void invoke(DemoData data, AnalysisContext context) {
        //LOGGER.info("解析到一条数据:{}", JSON.toJSONString(data));
        System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(data));
        list.add(data);
        // 达到BATCH_COUNT了，需要去存储一次数据库，防止数据几万条数据在内存，容易OOM
        if (list.size() >= BATCH_COUNT) {
            //持久化逻辑
            saveData();
            // 存储完成清理 list
            list.clear();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 所有数据解析完成了 都会来调用
     *
     * @param context
     */
    @Override
    public void doAfterAllAnalysed(AnalysisContext context) {
        // 这里也要保存数据，确保最后遗留的数据也存储到数据库
        saveData();
        LOGGER.info("所有数据解析完成！");
    }
    /**
     * 加上存储数据库
     */
    private void saveData() {
        LOGGER.info("{}条数据，开始存储数据库！", list.size());
        demoDAO.save(list);
        LOGGER.info("存储数据库成功！");
    }
}

EasyTest.java

package com.newer.easy;

import com.alibaba.excel.EasyExcel;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

public class EasyTest {
    String path = "D:\\ideaProject\\poiDemo\\";

    private List<DemoData> data() {
        List<DemoData> list = new ArrayList<DemoData>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            DemoData data = new DemoData();
            data.setString("字符串" + i);
            data.setDate(new Date());
            data.setDoubleData(0.56);
            list.add(data);
        }
        return list;
    }

    //根据list写
    @Test
    public void simpleWrite() {
        // 写法1
        String fileName = path+ "easy.xlsx";
        // 这里 需要指定写用哪个class去写，然后写到第一个sheet，名字为模板 然后文件流会自动关闭
        // 如果这里想使用03 则 传入excelType参数即可
        //write(fileName,格式类)
        //sheet(表明)
        //dowrite(数据)
        EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class).sheet("模板").doWrite(data());

      /*  // 写法2
        fileName = TestFileUtil.getPath() + "simpleWrite" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xlsx";
        // 这里 需要指定写用哪个class去写
        ExcelWriter excelWriter = null;
        try {
            excelWriter = EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class).build();
            WriteSheet writeSheet = EasyExcel.writerSheet("模板").build();
            excelWriter.write(data(), writeSheet);
        } finally {
            // 千万别忘记finish 会帮忙关闭流
            if (excelWriter != null) {
                excelWriter.finish();
            }
        }*/
    }

    @Test
    public void simpleRead() {
        // 有个很重要的点 DemoDataListener 不能被spring管理，要每次读取excel都要new,然后里面用到spring可以构造方法传进去
        // 写法1：
        String fileName = path+ "easy.xlsx";
        // 这里 需要指定读用哪个class去读，然后读取第一个sheet 文件流会自动关闭
        EasyExcel.read(fileName, DemoData.class, new DemoDataListener()).sheet().doRead();

      /*  // 写法2：
        fileName = TestFileUtil.getPath() + "demo" + File.separator + "demo.xlsx";
        ExcelReader excelReader = null;
        try {
            excelReader = EasyExcel.read(fileName, DemoData.class, new DemoDataListener()).build();
            ReadSheet readSheet = EasyExcel.readSheet(0).build();
            excelReader.read(readSheet);
        } finally {
            if (excelReader != null) {
                // 这里千万别忘记关闭，读的时候会创建临时文件，到时磁盘会崩的
                excelReader.finish();
            }
        }*/
    }

}

 

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