【Python】读写xlsx 文件
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2022-04-02 11:05:58
一. 介绍openpyxl 是一个Python 库，用于读写Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm 文件;二. 安装openpyxlopenpyxl 官网:https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/安装命令，参考如下:$ pip2 install openpyxl过程如下:(venv2)$ pip2 install openpyxlDEPRECATION: Python 2.......
目录
一. 介绍
openpyxl 是一个Python 库，用于读写Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm 文件;
二. 安装openpyxl
安装命令，参考如下:
$ pip2 install openpyxl过程如下:
(venv2)$ pip2 install openpyxl
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.
Collecting openpyxl
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d6/26/eb28e975b7a37aad38d7ec4f7a0f652bdee6ecf36e6bd06f473c5af9b87b/openpyxl-2.6.4.tar.gz (173kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 174kB 463kB/s
Collecting jdcal (from openpyxl)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f0/da/572cbc0bc582390480bbd7c4e93d14dc46079778ed915b505dc494b37c57/jdcal-1.4.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting et_xmlfile (from openpyxl)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/22/28/a99c42aea746e18382ad9fb36f64c1c1f04216f41797f2f0fa567da11388/et_xmlfile-1.0.1.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: openpyxl, et-xmlfile
Building wheel for openpyxl (setup.py) ... done
Stored in directory: /Users/…/Library/Caches/pip/wheels/58/1d/e3/7c7ee57db55ac00dd5c4632287d8401cdd08ed59c965306f9c
Building wheel for et-xmlfile (setup.py) ... done
Stored in directory: /Users/…/Library/Caches/pip/wheels/2a/77/35/0da0965a057698121fc7d8c5a7a9955cdbfb3cc4e2423cad39
Successfully built openpyxl et-xmlfile
Installing collected packages: jdcal, et-xmlfile, openpyxl
Successfully installed et-xmlfile-1.0.1 jdcal-1.4.1 openpyxl-2.6.4安装版本，查询命令:
(venv2)$ pip2 list具体相关版本信息，如下:
(venv2) $ pip2 list
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.
Package Version
----------------------------- ---------
...
et-xmlfile 1.0.1
jdcal 1.4.1
openpyxl 2.6.4
...显示细节版本信息，查询命令:
(venv2)$ pip2 show openpyxl具体细节版本信息，如下:
(venv2)$ pip2 show openpyxl
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.
Name: openpyxl
Version: 2.6.4
Summary: A Python library to read/write Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm files
Home-page: https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io
Author: See AUTHORS
Author-email: charlie.clark@clark-consulting.eu
License: MIT/Expat
Location: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages // 注意此处细节
Requires: jdcal, et-xmlfile
Required-by:
三. 简单示例
3.1 写入excel 文件数据
代码示例：
def write_to_excel(file_name):
'the write data to excel file'
if file_name is None or len(file_name.strip()) == 0:
raise ValueError('the current file name is invaild.')
wb = Workbook() # 工作簿
work_sheet_of_default = wb.active # 当前工作表,等价于wb.active(0)
work_sheet_of_default.title = u"测试0" # 当前工作表title
# 单元格赋值
work_sheet_of_default['A8'] = 'A8'
ws_cell = work_sheet_of_default.cell(row=9, column=1, value='A9')
ws_cell.value = 'A99'
# 合并/撤销单元格
work_sheet_of_default.merge_cells('B2:C2')
# work_sheet_of_default.merge_cells(start_row=2,
# start_column=2,
# end_row=2,
# end_column=3)
work_sheet_of_default['B2'] = u'合并的单元格'
# work_sheet_of_default.unmerge_cells('B2:C2')
# 区间访问
for row in range(1, 10):
work_sheet_of_default.append(range(10))
# 创建新的工作表 WorkSheet
work_sheet_of_test = wb.create_sheet()
# work_sheet_of_test = wb.create_sheet(title='test',
# index=1) # title 和index 可不写省略
work_sheet_of_test.title = u'test1'
work_sheet_of_test.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA" # 设置选项卡背景色
# 单元格取值
# for row in work_sheet_of_test.values():
# for value in row:
# print(value)
# 行列访问
row_3 = work_sheet_of_test['3']
row_range = work_sheet_of_test['3:5']
row_str = 'row: %s\t\t%s' % (row_3, row_range)
row_str = 'row pass'
print(row_str)
column_c = work_sheet_of_test['C']
column_ragne = work_sheet_of_test['C:D']
column_str = 'column: %s\t\t%s' % (column_c, column_ragne)
column_str = 'column pass'
print(column_str)
# 迭代访问，迭代行
for row in work_sheet_of_test.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_row=2, max_col=3):
for cell in row:
# print(cell)
pass
# 迭代访问，迭代列
for col in work_sheet_of_test.iter_cols(min_row=1, max_row=2,
max_col=3): # 只读模式不可用
for cell in col:
# print (cell)
pass
work_sheet_pi = wb.create_sheet(title=u"Pi")
work_sheet_pi['F5'] = 3.14
# 日期格式
work_sheet_pi['A3'] = datetime.datetime.now()
print(work_sheet_pi['A3'].number_format)
# 公式
work_sheet_pi['B2'] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
# 折叠行/列
work_sheet_pi.row_dimensions.group(10, 12, hidden=True)
work_sheet_pi.column_dimensions.group('F', 'G', hidden=True)
work_sheet_ascii = wb.create_sheet(title=u"字母")
for row in range(10, 20):
for col in range(10, 20):
work_sheet_ascii.cell(column=col,
row=row,
value=str("%s%s" % (row, col)))
# minimum_bounding_range = work_sheet_ascii.calculate_dimension()
# print(minimum_bounding_range)
work_sheet_style = wb.create_sheet(title=u"style")
#
# 样式默认值
#
font = Font(name='Calibri',
size=11,
bold=False,
italic=False,
vertAlign=None,
underline='none',
strike=False,
color='FF000000')
fill = PatternFill(fill_type=None,
start_color='FFFFFFFF',
end_color='FF000000')
# border = Border(left=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'),
# right=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'),
# top=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'),
# bottom=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'),
# diagonal=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'),
# diagonal_direction=0,
# outline=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'),
# vertical=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'),
# horizontal=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'))
# alignment = Alignment(horizontal='general',
# vertical='bottom',
# text_rotation=0,
# wrap_text=False,
# shrink_to_fit=False,
# indent=0)
# number_format = 'General'
# protection = Protection(locked=True, hidden=False)
#
# 单元格样式在对象之间共享，并且一旦分配它们便无法更改
#
# https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/2.6/styles.html#cell-styles-and-named-styles
ws_b5 = work_sheet_style['B5']
font1 = copy(font) # 样式复制
font1.name = 'Arial'
ws_b5.font = font1
ws_b5.value = 'ws_b5'
ws_d6 = work_sheet_style['D6']
font2 = Font(name='Tahoma', color=colors.RED, italic=True, size=16)
ws_d6.font = font2
ws_d6.value = 'ws_d6'
#
# 样式合并单元格
#
work_sheet_style.merge_cells('B8:F10')
top_left_cell = work_sheet_style['B8']
top_left_cell.value = u"样式合并单元格"
# 边
thin = Side(border_style="thin", color="000000")
double = Side(border_style="double", color="ff0000")
# 边框
top_left_cell.border = Border(top=double,
left=thin,
right=thin,
bottom=double)
# 填充
top_left_cell.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")
fill = GradientFill(stop=("000000", "FFFFFF"))
top_left_cell.fill = fill
top_left_cell.font = Font(b=True, color="FF0000")
# 对齐模式
top_left_cell.alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")
#
# 页面设置
#
work_sheet_style.page_setup.orientation = work_sheet_style.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE
work_sheet_style.page_setup.paperSize = work_sheet_style.PAPERSIZE_TABLOID
work_sheet_style.page_setup.fitToWidth = 1
work_sheet_style.page_setup.fitToHeight = 0
#
# 与单元样式相反，命名样式是可变的
#
# 当您想一次将格式应用于许多不同的单元格时，它们很有意义。注意 将命名样式分配给单元后，对该样式的其他更改将 不会影响该单元。
# 一旦将命名样式注册到工作簿中，就可以简单地通过名称来引用它。
#
# 创建样式,注册与指定
high_light_style = NamedStyle(name="highlight")
high_light_style.font = Font(bold=True, size=20, color=colors.RED)
boder_style = Side(style='thick', color="000000")
high_light_style.border = Border(left=boder_style,
top=boder_style,
right=boder_style,
bottom=boder_style)
wb.add_named_style(high_light_style) # 工作簿注册样式，命名样式在首次分配给单元时也会自动注册
ws_g8 = work_sheet_style['G8']
ws_g8.style = high_light_style
ws_g8.value = 'ws_g8'
ws_h6 = work_sheet_style['H6']
ws_h6.style = 'highlight' # 工作簿注册样式后，仅使用名称指定样式
ws_h6.value = 'ws_h6'
#
# 使用内置样式
# 请参考:
# https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/2.6/styles.html#using-builtin-styles
#
wb.save(filename=file_name)
3.2 读取excel 文件数据
代码示例：
def ready_to_excel(file_name):
'the read data from excel file'
if file_name is None or len(file_name.strip()) == 0:
raise ValueError('the current file name is invaild.')
wb = load_workbook(file_name)
sheet_names = wb.sheetnames
# names = []
for name in sheet_names:
print(name.encode('utf-8'))
# names.append(name.encode('utf-8'))
# print(names)
...持续更新...
四. 参考
- https://github.com/Alinvor/Python-DeMo
- https://pypi.org/project/openpyxl/
- https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/2.6/
- https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
- https://lxml.de/
- https://pypi.org/project/Pillow/
(完)
本文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/DovSnier/article/details/110878760
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