Scrapy项目实战之爬取某社区用户详情
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2022-04-01 08:31:51
本文介绍了scrapy项目实战之爬取某社区用户详情，分享给大家，具有如下：get_cookies.pyfrom selenium import webdriverfrom pymongo import...
本文介绍了scrapy项目实战之爬取某社区用户详情，分享给大家，具有如下：
get_cookies.py
from selenium import webdriver
from pymongo import mongoclient
from scrapy.crawler import overridden_settings
# from segmentfault import settings
import time
import settings
class getcookies(object):
def __init__(self):
# 初始化组件
# 设定webdriver选项
self.opt = webdriver.chromeoptions()
# self.opt.add_argument("--headless")
# 初始化用户列表
self.user_list = settings.user_list
# 初始化mongodb参数
self.client = mongoclient(settings.mongo_uri)
self.db = self.client[settings.mongo_db]
self.collection = self.db["cookies"]
def get_cookies(self,username,password):
"""
:param username:
:param password:
:return: cookies
"""
# 使用webdriver选项创建driver
driver = webdriver.chrome(executable_path="/users/hank/scrapy/segmentfault/segmentfault/chromedriver",options=self.opt)
driver.get("https://segmentfault.com/user/login")
driver.find_element_by_name("username").send_keys(username)
driver.find_element_by_name("password").send_keys(password)
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@type='submit']").click()
time.sleep(2)
driver.get("https://segmentfault.com/u/luwangmeilun/users/following")
# 登陆之后获取页面cookies
cookies = driver.get_cookies()
driver.quit()
return cookies
def format_cookies(self,cookies):
"""
:param cookies:
从driver.get_cookies的形式为：
[{'domain': 'segmentfault.com', 'httponly': false, 'name': 'phpsessid',
'path': '/', 'secure': false, 'value': 'web2~5grmfa89j12eksub8hja3bvaq4'},
{'domain': '.segmentfault.com', 'expiry': 1581602940, 'httponly': false,
'name': 'hm_lvt_e23800c454aa573c0ccb16b52665ac26', 'path': '/', 'secure': false,
'value': '1550066940'},
{'domain': '.segmentfault.com', 'httponly': false,
'name': 'hm_lpvt_e23800c454aa573c0ccb16b52665ac26',
'path': '/', 'secure': false, 'value': '1550066940'},
{'domain': '.segmentfault.com', 'expiry': 1550067000, 'httponly': false,
'name': '_gat', 'path': '/', 'secure': false, 'value': '1'},
{'domain': '.segmentfault.com', 'expiry': 1550153340, 'httponly': false,
'name': '_gid', 'path': '/', 'secure': false, 'value': 'ga1.2.783265084.1550066940'},
{'domain': '.segmentfault.com', 'expiry': 1613138940, 'httponly': false, 'name': '_ga',
'path': '/', 'secure': false, 'value': 'ga1.2.1119166665.1550066940'}]
只需提取每一项的name与value即可
:return:
"""
c = dict()
for item in cookies:
c[item['name']] = item['value']
return c
def save(self):
print("开始获取cookies....")
# 从用户列表中获取用户名与密码，分别登陆获取cookies
for username,password in self.user_list:
cookies = self.get_cookies(username,password)
f_cookies = self.format_cookies(cookies)
print("insert cookie:{}".format(f_cookies))
# 将格式整理后的cookies插入mongodb数据库
self.collection.insert_one(f_cookies)
# s = db[self.collection].find()
# for i in s:
# print(i)
if __name__ == '__main__':
cookies = getcookies()
for i in range(20):
cookies.save()
item.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # define here the models for your scraped items # # see documentation in: # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html import scrapy class segmentfaultitem(scrapy.item): # define the fields for your item here like: # 个人属性 # 姓名 name = scrapy.field() # 声望 rank = scrapy.field() # 学校 school = scrapy.field() # 专业 majors = scrapy.field() # 公司 company = scrapy.field() # 工作 job = scrapy.field() # blog blog = scrapy.field() # 社交活动数据 # 关注人数 following = scrapy.field() # 粉丝数 fans = scrapy.field() # 回答数 answers = scrapy.field() # 提问数 questions = scrapy.field() # 文章数 articles = scrapy.field() # 讲座数 lives = scrapy.field() # 徽章数 badges = scrapy.field() # 技能属性 # 点赞数 like = scrapy.field() # 技能 skills = scrapy.field() # 注册日期 register_date = scrapy.field() # 问答统计 # 回答最高得票数 answers_top_score = scrapy.field() # 得票数最高的回答对应的问题的标题 answers_top_title = scrapy.field() # 得票数最高的回答对应的问题的标签 answers_top_tags = scrapy.field() # 得票数最高的回答对应的问题的内容 answers_top_question = scrapy.field() # 得票数最高的回答对应的问题的内容 answers_top_content = scrapy.field()
pipeline.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# define your item pipelines here
#
# don't forget to add your pipeline to the item_pipelines setting
# see: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import pymongo
class segmentfaultpipeline(object):
# 设定mongodb集合名称
collection_name = 'userinfo'
def __init__(self,mongo_uri,mongo_db):
self.mongo_uri = mongo_uri
self.mongo_db = mongo_db
# 通过crawler获取settings.py中设定的mongodb连接信息
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls,crawler):
return cls(
mongo_uri = crawler.settings.get('mongo_uri'),
mongo_db = crawler.settings.get('mongo_db','segmentfault')
)
# 当爬虫启动时连接mongodb
def open_spider(self,spider):
self.client = pymongo.mongoclient(self.mongo_uri)
self.db = self.client[self.mongo_db]
# 当爬虫关闭时断开mongodb连接
def close_spider(self,spider):
self.client.close()
# 将item插入数据库保存
def process_item(self, item, spider):
self.db[self.collection_name].insert_one(dict(item))
return item
settings.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# scrapy settings for segmentfault project
#
# for simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. you can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
bot_name = 'segmentfault'
spider_modules = ['segmentfault.spiders']
newspider_module = 'segmentfault.spiders'
# crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
user_agent = 'mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; win64; x64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/71.0.3578.98 safari/537.36'
# obey robots.txt rules
robotstxt_obey = false
# configure maximum concurrent requests performed by scrapy (default: 16)
concurrent_requests = 100
# configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# see https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# see also autothrottle settings and docs
# download_delay = 2
# the download delay setting will honor only one of:
# concurrent_requests_per_domain = 32
# concurrent_requests_per_ip = 32
# disable cookies (enabled by default)
# cookies_enabled = false
# disable telnet console (enabled by default)
#telnetconsole_enabled = false
retry_enabled = false
redirect_enabled = false
download_timeout = 5
# httpallow
# override the default request headers:
#default_request_headers = {
# 'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'accept-language': 'en',
#}
# enable or disable spider middlewares
# see https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
spider_middlewares = {
'segmentfault.middlewares.segmentfaultspidermiddleware': 543,
}
# enable or disable downloader middlewares
# see https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
downloader_middlewares = {
# 'segmentfault.middlewares.segmentfaulthttpproxymiddleware': 543,
'segmentfault.middlewares.segmentfaultuseragentmiddleware':643,
'segmentfault.middlewares.segmentfaultcookiesmiddleware':743,
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.httpproxymiddleware': none,
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.useragentmiddleware': none,
# 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.cookiesmiddleware':none,
}
# enable or disable extensions
# see https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#extensions = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.telnetconsole': none,
#}
# configure item pipelines
# see https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
item_pipelines = {
'segmentfault.pipelines.segmentfaultpipeline': 300,
}
# enable and configure the autothrottle extension (disabled by default)
# see https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
# autothrottle_enabled = true
# # the initial download delay
# autothrottle_start_delay = 5
# # the maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
# autothrottle_max_delay = 60
# # the average number of requests scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# # each remote server
# autothrottle_target_concurrency = 1.0
# # enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
# autothrottle_debug = false
# enable and configure http caching (disabled by default)
# see https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#httpcache_enabled = true
#httpcache_expiration_secs = 0
#httpcache_dir = 'httpcache'
#httpcache_ignore_http_codes = []
#httpcache_storage = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.filesystemcachestorage'
# 配置mongodb
mongo_uri = 'localhost:27017'
mongo_db = 'segmentfault'
# 用户列表
user_list = [
("798549150@qq.com","guoqing1010"),
("learnscrapy@163.com","guoqing1010"),
]
# 配置代理列表
proxy_list = [
'http://115.182.212.169:8080',
'http://121.61.25.149:9999',
'http://180.118.247.189:9000',
'http://115.151.3.12:9999',
'http://183.154.213.160:9000',
'http://113.128.9.106:9999',
'http://124.42.68.152:90',
'http://49.70.48.50:9999',
'http://113.128.11.172:9999',
'http://111.177.177.40:9999',
'http://59.62.83.253:9999',
'http://39.107.84.185:8123',
'http://124.94.195.107:9999',
'http://111.177.160.132:9999',
'http://120.25.203.182:7777'
]
user_agent_list = [
'mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/39.0.2171.95 safari/537.36 opr/26.0.1656.60',
'opera/8.0 (windows nt 5.1; u; en)',
'mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 5.1; u; en; rv:1.8.1) gecko/20061208 firefox/2.0.0 opera 9.50',
'mozilla/4.0 (compatible; msie 6.0; windows nt 5.1; en) opera 9.50',
'mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64; rv:34.0) gecko/20100101 firefox/34.0',
'mozilla/5.0 (x11; u; linux x86_64; zh-cn; rv:1.9.2.10) gecko/20100922 ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) firefox/3.6.10',
'mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/39.0.2171.71 safari/537.36',
'mozilla/5.0 (x11; linux x86_64) applewebkit/537.11 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/23.0.1271.64 safari/537.11',
'mozilla/5.0 (windows; u; windows nt 6.1; en-us) applewebkit/534.16 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/10.0.648.133 safari/534.16',
'mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.1 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/21.0.1180.71 safari/537.1 lbbrowser',
'mozilla/4.0 (compatible; msie 6.0; windows nt 5.1; sv1; qqdownload 732; .net4.0c; .net4.0e; lbbrowser)',
'mozilla/4.0 (compatible; msie 6.0; windows nt 5.1; sv1; qqdownload 732; .net4.0c; .net4.0e)',
'mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 5.1) applewebkit/535.11 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/17.0.963.84 safari/535.11 se 2.x metasr 1.0',
'mozilla/4.0 (compatible; msie 7.0; windows nt 5.1; trident/4.0; sv1; qqdownload 732; .net4.0c; .net4.0e; se 2.x metasr 1.0)',
'mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) maxthon/4.4.3.4000 chrome/30.0.1599.101 safari/537.36',
'mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/38.0.2125.122 ubrowser/4.0.3214.0 safari/537.36'
]
userinfo.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import time
from scrapy import request
from pymongo import mongoclient
from scrapy.linkextractors import linkextractor
from scrapy.spiders import crawlspider,rule
from scrapy.http import formrequest
from segmentfault.items import segmentfaultitem
class userinfospider(crawlspider):
name = 'userinfo'
allowed_domains = ['segmentfault.com']
start_urls = ['https://segmentfault.com/u/mybigbigcat/users/following']
rules = (
# 用户主页地址，跟进并进行解析
rule(linkextractor(allow=r'/u/\w+$'),callback='parse_item',follow=true),
# 用户关注列表，跟进列表页面，抓取用户主页地址进行后续操作
# rule(linkextractor(allow=r'/users/followed$'),follow=true),
# 用户粉丝列表，跟进列表页面，抓取用户主页地址进行后续操作
rule(linkextractor(allow=r'/users/following$'),follow=true),
# 跟进其他页面地址
# rule(linkextractor(allow=r'/users/[followed|following]?page=\d+'),follow=true),
)
def start_requests(self):
# 从mongodb中获取一条cookie，添加到开始方法
client = mongoclient(self.crawler.settings['mongo_uri'])
db = client[self.crawler.settings['mongo_db']]
cookies_collection = db.cookies
# 获取一条cookie
cookies = cookies_collection.find_one()
# cookie中的'hm_lpvt_e23800c454aa573c0ccb16b52665ac26'参数是当前时间的10位表示法，因此重新填充
cookies['hm_lpvt_e23800c454aa573c0ccb16b52665ac26'] = str(int(time.time()))
return [request("https://segmentfault.com",
cookies=cookies,
meta={'cookiejar':1},
callback=self.after_login)]
# 登录之后从start_url中开始抓取数据
def after_login(self,response):
for url in self.start_urls:
return self.make_requests_from_url(url)
# def after_login(self,response):
# yield request(self.start_urls[0],
# meta={'cookiejar':response.meta['cookiejar']},
# callback=self.parse_item)
def parse_item(self, response):
"""
:param response:
:return:
"""
item = segmentfaultitem()
# 个人属性模块
profile_head = response.css('.profile__heading')
# 姓名
item['name'] = profile_head.css('h2[class*=name]::text').re_first(r'\w+')
# 声望
item['rank'] = profile_head.css('.profile__rank-btn > span::text').extract_first()
# 学校专业信息
school_info = profile_head.css('.profile__school::text').extract()
if school_info:
# 学校
item['school'] = school_info[0]
# 专业
item['majors'] = school_info[1].strip()
else:
item['school'] = ''
item['majors'] = ''
# 公司职位信息
company_info = profile_head.css('.profile__company::text').extract()
if company_info:
# 公司
item['company'] = company_info[0]
# 职位
item['job'] = company_info[1].strip()
else:
item['company'] = ''
item['job'] = ''
# 个人博客
item['blog'] = profile_head.css('a[class*=other-item-link]::attr(href)').extract_first()
# 统计面板模块
profile_active = response.xpath("//div[@class='col-md-2']")
# 关注人数
item['following'] = profile_active.css('div[class*=info] a > .h5::text').re(r'\d+')[0]
# 粉丝人数
item['fans'] = profile_active.css('div[class*=info] a > .h5::text').re(r'\d+')[1]
# 回答问题数
item['answers'] = profile_active.css('a[href*=answer] .count::text').re_first(r'\d+')
# 提问数
item['questions'] = profile_active.css('a[href*=questions] .count::text').re_first(r'\d+')
# 文章数
item['articles'] = profile_active.css('a[href*=articles] .count::text').re_first(r'\d+')
# 讲座数
item['lives'] = profile_active.css('a[href*=lives] .count::text').re_first(r'\d+')
# 徽章数
item['badges'] = profile_active.css('a[href*=badges] .count::text').re_first(r'\d+')
# 徽章详细页面地址
badge_url = profile_active.css('a[href*=badges]::attr(href)').extract_first()
# 技能面板模块
profile_skill = response.xpath("//div[@class='col-md-3']")
# 技能标签列表
item['skills'] = profile_skill.css('.tag::text').re(r'\w+')
# 获得的点赞数
item['like'] = profile_skill.css('.authlist').re_first(r'获得 (\d+) 次点赞')
# 注册日期
item['register_date'] = profile_skill.css('.profile__skill--other p::text').extract_first()
# if register_time:
# item['register_date'] = ''.join(re.findall(r'\d+',register_time))
# else:
# item['register_date'] = ''
# 产出数据模块
profile_work = response.xpath("//div[@class='col-md-7']")
# 回答获得的最高分
item['answers_top_score'] = profile_work.css('#navanswer .label::text').re_first(r'\d+')
# 最高分回答对应的问题的标题
item['answers_top_title'] = profile_work.css('#navanswer div[class*=title-warp] > a::text').extract_first()
# 最高分回答对应的问题的url
answer_url = profile_work.css('#navanswer div[class*=title-warp] > a::attr(href)').extract_first()
# 将需要继续跟进抓取数据的url与item作为参数传递给相应方法继续抓取数据
request = scrapy.request(
# 问题详细页url
url=response.urljoin(answer_url),
meta={
# item需要传递
'item':item,
# 徽章的url
'badge_url':response.urljoin(badge_url)},
# 调用parse_ansser继续处理
callback=self.parse_answer)
yield request
def parse_answer(self,response):
# 取出传递的item
item = response.meta['item']
# 取出传递的徽章详细页url
badge_url = response.meta['badge_url']
# 问题标签列表
item['answers_top_tags'] = response.css('.question__title--tag .tag::text').re(r'\w+')
# 先获取组成问题内容的字符串列表
question_content = response.css('.widget-question__item p').re(r'>(.*?)<')
# 拼接后传入item
item['answers_top_question'] = ''.join(question_content)
# 先获取组成答案的字符串列表
answer_content = response.css('.qa-answer > article .answer').re(r'>(.*?)<')
# 拼接后传入item
item['answers_top_content'] = ''.join(answer_content)
# 问题页面内容抓取后继续抓取徽章页内容，并将更新后的item继续传递
request = scrapy.request(url=badge_url,
meta={'item':item},
callback=self.parse_badge)
yield request
def parse_badge(self,response):
item = response.meta['item']
badge_name = response.css('span.badge span::text').extract()
badge_count = response.css('span[class*=badges-count]::text').re(r'\d+')
name_count = {}
for i in range(len(badge_count)):
name_count[badge_name[i]] = badge_count[i]
item['badges'] = name_count
yield item
middlewars.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# see documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
import random
import re
import datetime
import scrapy
import logging
import time
from scrapy.conf import settings
from pymongo import mongoclient
from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy import httpproxymiddleware
import pymongo
logger = logging.getlogger(__name__)
class segmentfaultspidermiddleware(object):
"""
处理item中保存的三种类型注册日期数据：
1. 注册于 2015年12月12日
2. 注册于 3 天前
3. 注册于 5 小时前
"""
def process_spider_output(self,response,result,spider):
"""
输出response时调用此方法处理item中register_date
:param response:
:param result: 包含item
:param spider:
:return:处理过注册日期的item
"""
for item in result:
# 判断获取的数据是否是scrapy.item类型
if isinstance(item,scrapy.item):
# 获取当前时间
now = datetime.datetime.now()
register_date = item['register_date']
logger.info("获取注册日志格式为{}".format(register_date))
# 提取注册日期字符串，如'注册于2015年12月12日' => '20151212'
day = ''.join(re.findall(r'\d+',register_date))
# 如果提取数字字符串长度大于4位，则为'注册于2015年12月12日'形式
if len(day) > 4:
date = day
# 如果‘时'在提取的字符串中，则为'注册于8小时前'形式
elif '时' in register_date:
d = now - datetime.timedelta(hours=int(day))
date = d.strftime("%y%m%d")
# 最后一种情况就是'注册于3天前'形式
else:
d = now - datetime.timedelta(days=int(day))
date = d.strftime("%y%m%d")
# 更新register_date值
item['register_date'] = date
yield item
class segmentfaulthttpproxymiddleware(object):
# not all methods need to be defined. if a method is not defined,
# scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
# passed objects.
def __init__(self):
self.proxy_list = settings['proxy_list']
def process_request(self, request, spider):
proxy = random.choice(self.proxy_list)
logger.info('使用代理:{}'.format(proxy))
request.meta['proxy'] = proxy
class segmentfaultuseragentmiddleware(object):
def __init__(self):
self.useragent_list = settings['user_agent_list']
def process_request(self,request,spider):
user_agent = random.choice(self.useragent_list)
# logger.info('使用的use user-agent:{}'.format(user_agent))
request.headers['user-agent'] = user_agent
class segmentfaultcookiesmiddleware(object):
client = mongoclient(settings['mongo_uri'])
db = client[settings['mongo_db']]
collection = db['cookies']
def get_cookies(self):
"""
随机获取cookies
:return:
"""
cookies = random.choice([cookie for cookie in self.collection.find()])
# 将不需要的"_id"与"_gat"参数删除
cookies.pop('_id')
cookies.pop('_gat')
# 将"hm_lpvt_e23800c454aa573c0ccb16b52665ac26"填充当前时间
cookies['hm_lpvt_e23800c454aa573c0ccb16b52665ac26'] = str(int(time.time()))
return cookies
def remove_cookies(self,cookies):
"""
删除已失效的cookies
:param cookies:
:return:
"""
# 随机获取cookies中的一对键值,返回结果是一个元祖
i = cookies.popitem()
# 删除cookies
try:
logger.info("删除cookies{}".format(cookies))
self.collection.remove({i[0]:i[1]})
except exception as e:
logger.info("no this cookies:{}".format(cookies))
def process_request(self,request,spider):
"""
为每一个request添加一个cookie
:param request:
:param spider:
:return:
"""
cookies = self.get_cookies()
request.cookies = cookies
def process_response(self,request,response,spider):
"""
对于登录失效的情况，可能会重定向到登录页面，这时添加新的cookies继续，将请求放回调度器
:param request:
:param response:
:param spider:
:return:
"""
if response.status in [301,302]:
logger.info("redirect response:{}".format(response))
redirect_url = response.headers['location']
if b'/user/login' in redirect_url:
logger.info("cookies失效")
# 请求失败，重新获取一个cookie，添加到request，并停止后续中间件处理此request，将此request放入调度器
new_cookie = self.get_cookies()
logger.info("获取新cookie:{}".format(new_cookie))
# 删除旧cookies
self.remove_cookies(request.cookies)
request.cookies = new_cookie
return request
#
return response
run.py
from scrapy import cmdline
# from segmentfault.get_cookies import getcookies
from get_cookies import getcookies
if __name__ == '__main__':
cookies = getcookies()
cookies.save()
name = 'userinfo'
""
cmd = 'scrapy crawl {}'.format(name)
cmdline.execute(cmd.split())
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