架构师之jdk8-----------------ConcurrentHashMap快速构建本地缓存和单例模式

1.前言。
   本地缓存和复杂的单例写起来不仅效率低下，而且费时。ConcurrentHashMap+computeIfAbsent使得可以直接快速构建。
2.例子.
 

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
public class Main {
    static Map<Integer, Integer> cache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        cache.put(0, 0);
        cache.put(1, 1);
        // 普通方式
        System.out.println("Fibonacci(7) = " + fibonacci(7));
        // 采用java7的同步线程方式及java8的本地缓存的方式
        System.out.println("FibonacciJava8(7) = " + fibonacciJava8(7));
        System.out.println("FibonacciJava7(7) = " + fibonacciJava7(7));
 
        // 构建多值Map样例代码
        Map<String, HashSet<String>> map1 = new HashMap<>();
        map1.computeIfAbsent("fruits", k -> genValue(k)).add("apple");
        map1.computeIfAbsent("fruits", k -> genValue(k)).add("orange");
        map1.computeIfAbsent("fruits", k -> genValue(k)).add("pear");
        map1.computeIfAbsent("fruits", k -> genValue(k)).add("banana");
        map1.computeIfAbsent("fruits", k -> genValue(k)).add("water");
        System.out.println(map1);
 
        //测试多线程并发处理，是否同步操作
        Map<String, String> map2 = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            exec.execute(() -> {
                map2.computeIfAbsent("name", k -> genValue2(k));
                map2.computeIfAbsent("addr", k -> genValue2(k));
                map2.computeIfAbsent("email", k -> genValue2(k));
                map2.computeIfAbsent("mobile", k -> genValue2(k));
            });
        }
        exec.shutdown();
        exec.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        System.out.println(map2);
    }
 
    static HashSet<String> genValue(String str) {
        return new HashSet<String>();
    }
 
    static String genValue2(String str) {
        System.out.println("===");
        return str + "2";
    }
 
    /**
     * 普通的实现方式 普通方式使用大量的计算，存在性能问题. 并且计算量随着n的增加呈指数级增加，需要用到一些缓存策略，并且是线程安全的.
     *
     * @param n
     * @return
     */
    static int fibonacci(int n) {
        if (n == 0 || n == 1)
            return n;
 
        System.out.println("calculating Fibonacci(" + n + ")");
        return fibonacci(n - 2) + fibonacci(n - 1);
    }
 
    /**
     * 采用java8的本地缓存方式 如果缓存MAP中不存在指定key的值，会自动调用mappingFunction(key)计算key的value
     * 然后将key = value放入到缓存Map,java8会使用thread-safe的方式从cache中存取记录
     *
     * @param n
     * @return
     */
    static int fibonacciJava8(int n) {
        return cache.computeIfAbsent(n, (key) -> {
            System.out.println("calculating FibonacciJava8 " + n);
            return fibonacciJava8(n - 2) + fibonacciJava8(n - 1);
        });
    }
 
    /**
     * 在java7中的实现方式
     * 在java7中，通过synchronized进行线程同步，检查缓存是否存在key对应的值，如果不存在才进行计算并放入缓存中
     * 为了更好的性能，需要使用 double-checked locking，那样代码会更复杂
     *
     * @param n
     * @return
     */
    static int fibonacciJava7(int n) {
        if (n == 0 || n == 1)
            return n;
 
        Integer result = cache.get(n);
 
        if (result == null) {
            synchronized (cache) {
                result = cache.get(n);
 
                if (result == null) {
                    System.out.println("calculating FibonacciJava7(" + n + ")");
                    result = fibonacciJava7(n - 2) + fibonacciJava7(n - 1);
                    cache.put(n, result);
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}

  运行结果:
 

calculating Fibonacci(7)
calculating Fibonacci(5)
calculating Fibonacci(3)
calculating Fibonacci(2)
calculating Fibonacci(4)
calculating Fibonacci(2)
calculating Fibonacci(3)
calculating Fibonacci(2)
calculating Fibonacci(6)
calculating Fibonacci(4)
calculating Fibonacci(2)
calculating Fibonacci(3)
calculating Fibonacci(2)
calculating Fibonacci(5)
calculating Fibonacci(3)
calculating Fibonacci(2)
calculating Fibonacci(4)
calculating Fibonacci(2)
calculating Fibonacci(3)
calculating Fibonacci(2)
Fibonacci(7) = 13
calculating FibonacciJava8 7
calculating FibonacciJava8 5
calculating FibonacciJava8 3
calculating FibonacciJava8 2
calculating FibonacciJava8 4
calculating FibonacciJava8 6
FibonacciJava8(7) = 13
FibonacciJava7(7) = 13
{fruits=[orange, banana, apple, pear, water]}
===
===
===
===
{name=name2, mobile=mobile2, addr=addr2, email=email2}