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初识MySQL调优之性能监控

程序员文章站 2022-03-03 13:05:12
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mysql教程栏目介绍认识性能监控。初识MySQL调优之性能监控

MySQL优化主要从其逻辑架构的核心层-分析、优化、执行阶段着手。

实验过程中,我是用的MySQL版本是5.7,关于MySQL的快速安装,可参考 如何在CentOS7下快速安装MySQL5.7。

MySQL调优,我们先从性能监控开始,找点感觉。

使用show profile

show profile是MySQL的查询剖析工具。

mysql> show variables like '%profil%';
+------------------------+-------+| Variable_name          | Value |
+------------------------+-------+| have_profiling         | YES   |
| profiling              | OFF   |
| profiling_history_size | 15    |
+------------------------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)复制代码

可以看到此工具默认是OFF(禁用)的,可以通过服务器变量在当前会话级别动态的修改

mysql> set profiling=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)复制代码

当设置完成之后,在服务器上执行的所有语句,都会测量其耗费的时间和其他一些查询执行状态变更相关的数据。

我们来创建一个表来演示一下:

mysql> create database mytest;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> use mytest;
Database changed
mysql> create table stu(id int(8), name varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> insert into stu(id, name) values(1, 'Jack Ma');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into stu(id, name) values(1, 'Pony');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)复制代码

查询一下stu表:

mysql> select * from stu;
+------+---------+| id   | name    |
+------+---------+|    1 | Jack Ma |
|    2 | Pony    |
+------+---------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)复制代码

这个2 rows in set (0.00 sec)就是用命令行执行一个sql后给出的提示,而且还有执行时间0.00秒。

在mysql的命令行模式下只能显示两位小数的时间,可以使用如下命令查看具体的执行时间

mysql> show profile;
+----------------------+----------+| Status               | Duration |
+----------------------+----------+| starting             | 0.000061 |
| checking permissions | 0.000009 |
| Opening tables       | 0.000019 |
| init                 | 0.000020 |
| System lock          | 0.000009 |
| optimizing           | 0.000005 |
| statistics           | 0.000014 |
| preparing            | 0.000011 |
| executing            | 0.000003 |
| Sending data         | 0.000121 |
| end                  | 0.000012 |
| query end            | 0.000011 |
| closing tables       | 0.000011 |
| freeing items        | 0.000021 |
| cleaning up          | 0.000021 |
+----------------------+----------+复制代码

这样我们可以清晰地看到,StartingSystem lock系统锁、Sending data等等一系列操作分别用了多少时间。

通过上面的演示,我们可以看到,show profile一执行完就给我们返回每项的执行时间,并没有显示是针对哪条sql的,其实它就是列出了最近一条你执行的sql语句的执行时间。

那一定有可以看之前执行过的多条sql语句的情况吧?是的,show profiles

show profiles

mysql> show profiles;
+----------+------------+------------------------------------------------+| Query_ID | Duration   | Query                                          |
+----------+------------+------------------------------------------------+|        1 | 0.02907350 | create table stu(id int(8), name varchar(20))  |
|        2 | 0.00337800 | create database mytest                         |
|        3 | 0.02786850 | SELECT DATABASE()                              |
|        4 | 0.00065300 | show databases                                 |
|        5 | 0.00086700 | show tables                                    |
|        6 | 0.06554900 | create table stu(id int(8), name varchar(20))  |
|        7 | 0.00079850 | insert into stu(1, 'Jack')                     |
|        8 | 0.06901975 | show create table stu                          |
|        9 | 0.00008800 | insert into stu(1, 'Jack')                     |
|       10 | 0.00616000 | insert into stu(id, name) values(1, 'Jack Ma') |
|       11 | 0.03119675 | insert into stu(id, name) values(1, 'Pony')    |
|       12 | 0.03124900 | update stu set id=2 where name='Pony'          |
|       13 | 0.00036975 | select * from stu                              |
|       14 | 0.00034925 | select * from stu                              |
+----------+------------+------------------------------------------------+14 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)复制代码

列出了执行过的sql语句执行时间,我们可以挑一个查询来单独看,比如我想看insert into stu(id, name) values(1, 'Pony')这条语句的情况,可以用下面的操作:

mysql> show profile for query 11;
+----------------------+----------+
| Status               | Duration |
+----------------------+----------+
| starting             | 0.000072 |
| checking permissions | 0.000009 |
| Opening tables       | 0.000021 |
| init                 | 0.000018 |
| System lock          | 0.000008 |
| update               | 0.000094 |
| end                  | 0.000005 |
| query end            | 0.030815 |
| closing tables       | 0.000036 |
| freeing items        | 0.000081 |
| cleaning up          | 0.000039 |
+----------------------+----------+11 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)复制代码

也就是说可以根据Query_ID结合show profile来看。

MySQL官网上,关于show profile语句:

SHOW PROFILE [type [, type] ... ]
    [FOR QUERY n]
    [LIMIT row_count [OFFSET offset]]

type: {
    ALL
  | BLOCK IO
  | CONTEXT SWITCHES
  | CPU
  | IPC
  | MEMORY
  | PAGE FAULTS
  | SOURCE
  | SWAPS
}复制代码

show profilefor query n前面已经说过了,下面我列一下每个type是什么意思。

all 显示所有性能信息

block io 显示块io操作的次数

context switches 显示上下文切换次数,被动和主动

cpu 显示用户cpu时间、系统cpu时间

IPC 显示发送和接受的消息数量

Memory 暂未实现

page faults 显示页错误数量

source 显示源码中的函数名称与位置

swaps 显示swap的次数

实操一下看看

mysql> show profiles;
+----------+------------+-------------------------------+| Query_ID | Duration   | Query                         |
+----------+------------+-------------------------------+|        1 | 0.00009625 | show variable like '%profi%'  |
|        2 | 0.00373950 | show variables like '%profi%' |
|        3 | 0.00025825 | select * from stu             |
+----------+------------+-------------------------------+3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)复制代码

我们针对Query_ID为3的进行查看

  • all
mysql> show profile all for query 3\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************             Status: starting
           Duration: 0.000070
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000064
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: NULL
        Source_file: NULL
        Source_line: NULL*************************** 2. row ***************************             Status: checking permissions           Duration: 0.000011
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000009
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: check_access
        Source_file: sql_authorization.cc
        Source_line: 809*************************** 3. row ***************************             Status: Opening tables
           Duration: 0.000021
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000021
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: open_tables
        Source_file: sql_base.cc
        Source_line: 5793*************************** 4. row ***************************             Status: init           Duration: 0.000019
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000019
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: handle_query
        Source_file: sql_select.cc
        Source_line: 128*************************** 5. row ***************************             Status: System lock
           Duration: 0.000009
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000009
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: mysql_lock_tables
        Source_file: lock.cc
        Source_line: 330*************************** 6. row ***************************             Status: optimizing           Duration: 0.000005
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000004
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: optimize
        Source_file: sql_optimizer.cc
        Source_line: 158*************************** 7. row ***************************             Status: statistics
           Duration: 0.000014
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000014
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: optimize
        Source_file: sql_optimizer.cc
        Source_line: 374*************************** 8. row ***************************             Status: preparing           Duration: 0.000011
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000010
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: optimize
        Source_file: sql_optimizer.cc
        Source_line: 482*************************** 9. row ***************************             Status: executing           Duration: 0.000004
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000004
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: exec
        Source_file: sql_executor.cc
        Source_line: 126*************************** 10. row ***************************             Status: Sending data
           Duration: 0.000050
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000050
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: exec
        Source_file: sql_executor.cc
        Source_line: 202*************************** 11. row ***************************             Status: end
           Duration: 0.000005
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000005
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: handle_query
        Source_file: sql_select.cc
        Source_line: 206*************************** 12. row ***************************             Status: query end
           Duration: 0.000008
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000008
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: mysql_execute_command
        Source_file: sql_parse.cc
        Source_line: 4956*************************** 13. row ***************************             Status: closing tables
           Duration: 0.000008
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000008
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: mysql_execute_command
        Source_file: sql_parse.cc
        Source_line: 5009*************************** 14. row ***************************             Status: freeing items           Duration: 0.000013
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000013
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: mysql_parse
        Source_file: sql_parse.cc
        Source_line: 5622*************************** 15. row ***************************             Status: cleaning up           Duration: 0.000014
           CPU_user: 0.000000
         CPU_system: 0.000013
  Context_voluntary: 0Context_involuntary: 0
       Block_ops_in: 0
      Block_ops_out: 0
      Messages_sent: 0
  Messages_received: 0
  Page_faults_major: 0
  Page_faults_minor: 0
              Swaps: 0
    Source_function: dispatch_command
        Source_file: sql_parse.cc
        Source_line: 193115 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)复制代码

查询最后的\G的目的是格式化显示一下查询结果。

这里我们可以看到,show profile all可以看到所有的性能信息。

  • block io
mysql> show profile block io for query 3;
+----------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+| Status               | Duration | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+----------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+| starting             | 0.000070 |            0 |             0 |
| checking permissions | 0.000011 |            0 |             0 |
| Opening tables       | 0.000021 |            0 |             0 |
| init                 | 0.000019 |            0 |             0 |
| System lock          | 0.000009 |            0 |             0 |
| optimizing           | 0.000005 |            0 |             0 |
| statistics           | 0.000014 |            0 |             0 |
| preparing            | 0.000011 |            0 |             0 |
| executing            | 0.000004 |            0 |             0 |
| Sending data         | 0.000050 |            0 |             0 |
| end                  | 0.000005 |            0 |             0 |
| query end            | 0.000008 |            0 |             0 |
| closing tables       | 0.000008 |            0 |             0 |
| freeing items        | 0.000013 |            0 |             0 |
| cleaning up          | 0.000014 |            0 |             0 |
+----------------------+----------+--------------+---------------+15 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)复制代码

最后两列就表示块io操作的次数。

下面只把各个type的语法列出来,演示效果不在此赘述了。

  • show profile context switches for query 3
  • show profile cpu for query 3
  • show profile ipc for query 3
  • show profile page faults for query 3
  • show profile source for query 3
  • show profile swaps for query 3

show profile用起来感觉很爽啊,他能帮我们看到sql语句各部分的执行时间,这对我们定位线上sql执行慢的问题很有帮助啊,but,官网上有这么一段话:

Note

The SHOW PROFILE and SHOW PROFILES statements are deprecated and will be removed in a future MySQL release. Use the Performance Schema instead;

注意

不推荐使用SHOW PROFILE和SHOW PROFILES语句,并将在以后的MySQL版本中将其删除。

改用Performance Schema;

好吧,你说删除就删除。但是在MySQL删除show profile之前,我们还是可以用的,毕竟很香嘛。

既然后续版本会用Performance Schema,那么我们还看下它是何方神圣吧!

Performance Schema

MySQL的performance schema用于监控MySQL server在一个较低级别的运行过程中的资源消耗、资源等待等情况。使用performance schema可以更加容易的监控MySQL。

在MySQL的5.7版本中,性能模式是默认开启的,如果想要显式的关闭的话需要修改配置文件,不能直接进行修改,会报错Variable 'performance_schema' is a read only variable。

mysql> show variables like 'performance_schema';
+--------------------+-------+| Variable_name      | Value |
+--------------------+-------+| performance_schema | ON    |
+--------------------+-------+mysql> set performance_schema=0;
ERROR 1238 (HY000): Variable 'performance_schema' is a read only variable复制代码

在配置文件中修改performance_schema的属性值,on表示开启,off表示关闭

[mysqld]
performance_schema=ON复制代码

看下performance_schema数据库有哪些功能表:

mysql> use performance_schema;
mysql> show tables;复制代码

初识MySQL调优之性能监控

一共有87张表,分别存储着相关的信息。

可以通过show create table tablename来查看创建表的时候的表结构:

mysql> show create table threads\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************       Table: threadsCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `threads` (  `THREAD_ID` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,  `NAME` varchar(128) NOT NULL,  `TYPE` varchar(10) NOT NULL,  `PROCESSLIST_ID` bigint(20) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,  `PROCESSLIST_USER` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,  `PROCESSLIST_HOST` varchar(60) DEFAULT NULL,  `PROCESSLIST_DB` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,  `PROCESSLIST_COMMAND` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL,  `PROCESSLIST_TIME` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,  `PROCESSLIST_STATE` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,  `PROCESSLIST_INFO` longtext,  `PARENT_THREAD_ID` bigint(20) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,  `ROLE` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,  `INSTRUMENTED` enum('YES','NO') NOT NULL,  `HISTORY` enum('YES','NO') NOT NULL,  `CONNECTION_TYPE` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL,  `THREAD_OS_ID` bigint(20) unsigned DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA DEFAULT CHARSET=utf81 row in set (0.00 sec)复制代码

我一看到threads这个表名,还有THREAD_IDPROCESSLIST_ID等等字段,就感觉这些比较重要啊有木有!

再来看一下setup_consumers这个表:

mysql> show create table setup_consumers;
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Table           | Create Table                                                                                                                                           |
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| setup_consumers | CREATE TABLE `setup_consumers` (  `NAME` varchar(64) NOT NULL,  `ENABLED` enum('YES','NO') NOT NULL) ENGINE=PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)复制代码

这个consumer总感觉似曾相识啊!

其实,想要搞明白后续的内容,我们需要理解两个基本概念:

  • instruments 生产者,用于采集mysql中各种各样的操作产生的事件信息,对应配置表中的配置项我们可以称为监控采集配置项。
  • consumers 消费者,对应的消费者表用于存储来自instruments采集的数据,对应配置表中的配置项我们可以称为消费存储配置项。

performance_schema表的分类

performance_schema库下的表可以按照监视不同的纬度就行分组。

--语句事件记录表,这些表记录了语句事件信息,当前语句事件表events_statements_current、历史语句事件表events_statements_history和长语句历史事件表events_statements_history_long、以及聚合后的摘要表summary,其中,summary表还可以根据帐号(account),主机(host),程序(program),线程(thread),用户(user)和全局(global)再进行细分)show tables like '%statement%';--等待事件记录表,与语句事件类型的相关记录表类似:show tables like '%wait%';--阶段事件记录表,记录语句执行的阶段事件的表show tables like '%stage%';--事务事件记录表,记录事务相关的事件的表show tables like '%transaction%';--监控文件系统层调用的表show tables like '%file%';--监视内存使用的表show tables like '%memory%';--动态对performance_schema进行配置的配置表show tables like '%setup%';复制代码

来,那一个事务相关的来瞅一眼:

mysql> show tables like '%transaction%';
+------------------------------------------------------+| Tables_in_performance_schema (%transaction%)         |
+------------------------------------------------------+| events_transactions_current                          |
| events_transactions_history                          |
| events_transactions_history_long                     |
| events_transactions_summary_by_account_by_event_name |
| events_transactions_summary_by_host_by_event_name    |
| events_transactions_summary_by_thread_by_event_name  |
| events_transactions_summary_by_user_by_event_name    |
| events_transactions_summary_global_by_event_name     |
+------------------------------------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)复制代码

performance_schema的简单配置与使用

数据库刚刚初始化并启动时,并非所有instruments(事件采集项,在采集项的配置表中每一项都有一个开关字段,或为YES,或为NO)和consumers(与采集项类似,也有一个对应的事件类型保存表配置项,为YES就表示对应的表保存性能数据,为NO就表示对应的表不保存性能数据)都启用了,所以默认不会收集所有的事件。

可能你需要检测的事件并没有打开,需要进行设置,可以使用如下两个语句打开对应的instruments和consumers(行计数可能会因MySQL版本而异)。

打开等待事件的采集器配置项开关,需要修改setup_instruments配置表中对应的采集器配置项

mysql> UPDATE setup_instruments SET ENABLED = 'YES', TIMED = 'YES' where name like 'wait%';
Query OK, 267 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Rows matched: 321  Changed: 267  Warnings: 0复制代码

打开等待事件的保存表配置开关,修改setup_consumers配置表中对应的配置项

mysql> UPDATE setup_consumers SET ENABLED = 'YES' where name like '%wait%';
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 3  Changed: 3  Warnings: 0复制代码

当配置完成之后可以查看当前server正在做什么。

  1. 可以通过查询events_waits_current表来得知,该表中每个线程只包含一行数据,用于显示每个线程的最新监视事件:

初识MySQL调优之性能监控

释义:

该信息表示线程id为3的线程正在等待buf_dblwr_mutex锁,等待时间为69917。
属性说明:
	id:事件来自哪个线程,事件编号是多少
	event_name:表示检测到的具体的内容
	source:表示这个检测代码在哪个源文件中以及行号
	timer_start:表示该事件的开始时间
	timer_end:表示该事件的结束时间
	timer_wait:表示该事件总的花费时间
注意:_current表中每个线程只保留一条记录,一旦线程完成工作,该表中不会再记录该线程的事件信息。复制代码
  1. _history表中记录每个线程应该执行完成的事件信息,但每个线程的事件信息只会记录10条,再多就会被覆盖,(下面的演示可以看到每个线程只有10条记录)。_history_long表中记录所有线程的事件信息,但总记录数量是10000,超过就会被覆盖掉
mysql> mysql> select thread_id,event_id,event_name,timer_wait from events_waits_history order by thread_id limit 21;
+-----------+----------+------------------------------------------+------------+| thread_id | event_id | event_name                               | timer_wait |
+-----------+----------+------------------------------------------+------------+|         3 |     4042 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_mutex   |      47785 |
|         3 |     4043 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/flush_list_mutex |      43761 |
|         3 |     4044 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_mutex   |      58851 |
|         3 |     4045 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_dblwr_mutex  |      73438 |
|         3 |     4046 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_mutex   |     222829 |
|         3 |     4047 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_mutex   |      42755 |
|         3 |     4048 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/flush_list_mutex |      44767 |
|         3 |     4049 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_mutex   |      59857 |
|         3 |     4050 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_dblwr_mutex  |      72432 |
|         3 |     4041 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_mutex   |     243452 |
|        17 |     2442 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/sync_array_mutex |      74947 |
|        17 |     2440 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/sync_array_mutex |      82492 |
|        17 |     2439 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/sync_array_mutex |     458233 |
|        17 |     2438 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/log_sys_mutex    |     239428 |
|        17 |     2437 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/sync_array_mutex |      85510 |
|        17 |     2446 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/sync_array_mutex |      84504 |
|        17 |     2445 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/sync_array_mutex |      77462 |
|        17 |     2444 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/log_sys_mutex    |     238422 |
|        17 |     2443 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/sync_array_mutex |      83498 |
|        17 |     2441 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/log_sys_mutex    |     229368 |
|        19 |     7281 | wait/synch/mutex/innodb/flush_list_mutex |      43761 |
+-----------+----------+------------------------------------------+------------+21 rows in set (0.00 sec)复制代码
  1. summary表提供所有事件的汇总信息,该组中的表以不同的方式汇总事件数据(如:按用户,按主机,按线程等等)。

例如:要查看哪些instruments占用最多的时间,可以通过对events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name表的COUNT_STAR或SUM_TIMER_WAIT列进行查询(这两列是对事件的记录数执行COUNT(*)、事件记录的TIMER_WAIT列执行SUM(TIMER_WAIT)统计而来)

mysql> SELECT EVENT_NAME,COUNT_STAR FROM events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name  ORDER BY COUNT_STAR DESC LIMIT 10;
+-----------------------------------------------+------------+| EVENT_NAME                                    | COUNT_STAR |
+-----------------------------------------------+------------+| wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_mutex        |       3357 |
| wait/synch/mutex/innodb/log_sys_mutex         |       3357 |
| wait/synch/mutex/innodb/sync_array_mutex      |       2241 |
| wait/synch/mutex/innodb/flush_list_mutex      |       2238 |
| wait/io/file/sql/FRM                          |       1590 |
| wait/synch/mutex/innodb/log_flush_order_mutex |       1119 |
| wait/synch/mutex/innodb/log_sys_write_mutex   |       1119 |
| wait/synch/mutex/innodb/fil_system_mutex      |       1119 |
| wait/synch/mutex/innodb/dict_sys_mutex        |       1119 |
| wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_dblwr_mutex       |       1119 |
+-----------------------------------------------+------------+10 rows in set (0.10 sec)复制代码
  1. instance表记录了哪些类型的对象会被检测。这些对象在被server使用时,在该表中将会产生一条事件记录。

例如,file_instances表列出了文件I/O操作及其关联文件名

mysql> select * from file_instances limit 10;
+----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+------------+| FILE_NAME                              | EVENT_NAME                           | OPEN_COUNT |
+----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+------------+| /usr/share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys    | wait/io/file/sql/ERRMSG              |          0 |
| /usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml    | wait/io/file/mysys/charset           |          0 |
| /var/lib/mysql/ibdata1                 | wait/io/file/innodb/innodb_data_file |          3 |
| /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0             | wait/io/file/innodb/innodb_log_file  |          2 |
| /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1             | wait/io/file/innodb/innodb_log_file  |          2 |
| /var/lib/mysql/mysql/engine_cost.ibd   | wait/io/file/innodb/innodb_data_file |          3 |
| /var/lib/mysql/mysql/gtid_executed.ibd | wait/io/file/innodb/innodb_data_file |          3 |
| /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_category.ibd | wait/io/file/innodb/innodb_data_file |          3 |
| /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_keyword.ibd  | wait/io/file/innodb/innodb_data_file |          3 |
| /var/lib/mysql/mysql/help_relation.ibd | wait/io/file/innodb/innodb_data_file |          3 |
+----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+------------+10 rows in set (0.00 sec)复制代码

常用配置项的参数说明

  1. 启动选项
performance_schema_consumer_events_statements_current=TRUE#是否在mysql server启动时就开启events_statements_current表的记录功能(该表记录当前的语句事件信息),启动之后也可以在setup_consumers表中使用UPDATE语句进行动态更新setup_consumers配置表中的events_statements_current配置项,默认值为TRUEperformance_schema_consumer_events_statements_history=TRUE#与performance_schema_consumer_events_statements_current选项类似,但该选项是用于配置是否记录语句事件短历史信息,默认为TRUEperformance_schema_consumer_events_stages_history_long=FALSE#与performance_schema_consumer_events_statements_current选项类似,但该选项是用于配置是否记录语句事件长历史信息,默认为FALSE除了statement(语句)事件之外,还支持:wait(等待)事件、state(阶段)事件、transaction(事务)事件,他们与statement事件一样都有三个启动项分别进行配置,但这些等待事件默认未启用,如果需要在MySQL Server启动时一同启动,则通常需要写进my.cnf配置文件中
performance_schema_consumer_global_instrumentation=TRUE
是否在MySQL Server启动时就开启全局表(如:mutex_instances、rwlock_instances、cond_instances、file_instances、users、hostsaccounts、socket_summary_by_event_name、file_summary_by_instance等大部分的全局对象计数统计和事件汇总统计信息表 )的记录功能,启动之后也可以在setup_consumers表中使用UPDATE语句进行动态更新全局配置项
默认值为TRUEperformance_schema_consumer_statements_digest=TRUE是否在MySQL Server启动时就开启events_statements_summary_by_digest 表的记录功能,启动之后也可以在setup_consumers表中使用UPDATE语句进行动态更新digest配置项
默认值为TRUEperformance_schema_consumer_thread_instrumentation=TRUE是否在MySQL Server启动时就开启

events_xxx_summary_by_yyy_by_event_name表的记录功能,启动之后也可以在setup_consumers表中使用UPDATE语句进行动态更新线程配置项
默认值为TRUEperformance_schema_instrument[=name]
是否在MySQL Server启动时就启用某些采集器,由于instruments配置项多达数千个,所以该配置项支持key-value模式,还支持%号进行通配等,如下:# [=name]可以指定为具体的Instruments名称(但是这样如果有多个需要指定的时候,就需要使用该选项多次),也可以使用通配符,可以指定instruments相同的前缀+通配符,也可以使用%代表所有的instruments## 指定开启单个instruments--performance-schema-instrument= 'instrument_name=value'## 使用通配符指定开启多个instruments--performance-schema-instrument= 'wait/synch/cond/%=COUNTED'## 开关所有的instruments--performance-schema-instrument= '%=ON'--performance-schema-instrument= '%=OFF'注意,这些启动选项要生效的前提是,需要设置performance_schema=ON。另外,这些启动选项虽然无法使用show variables语句查看,但我们可以通过setup_instruments和setup_consumers表查询这些选项指定的值。复制代码
  1. 系统变量
show variables like '%performance_schema%';
--重要的属性解释
performance_schema=ON
/*
控制performance_schema功能的开关,要使用MySQL的performance_schema,需要在mysqld启动时启用,以启用事件收集功能
该参数在5.7.x之前支持performance_schema的版本中默认关闭,5.7.x版本开始默认开启
注意:如果mysqld在初始化performance_schema时发现无法分配任何相关的内部缓冲区,则performance_schema将自动禁用,并将performance_schema设置为OFF
*/

performance_schema_digests_size=10000
/*
控制events_statements_summary_by_digest表中的最大行数。如果产生的语句摘要信息超过此最大值,便无法继续存入该表,此时performance_schema会增加状态变量
*/
performance_schema_events_statements_history_long_size=10000
/*
控制events_statements_history_long表中的最大行数,该参数控制所有会话在events_statements_history_long表中能够存放的总事件记录数,超过这个限制之后,最早的记录将被覆盖
全局变量,只读变量,整型值,5.6.3版本引入 * 5.6.x版本中,5.6.5及其之前的版本默认为10000,5.6.6及其之后的版本默认值为-1,通常情况下,自动计算的值都是10000 * 5.7.x版本中,默认值为-1,通常情况下,自动计算的值都是10000
*/
performance_schema_events_statements_history_size=10
/*
控制events_statements_history表中单个线程(会话)的最大行数,该参数控制单个会话在events_statements_history表中能够存放的事件记录数,超过这个限制之后,单个会话最早的记录将被覆盖
全局变量,只读变量,整型值,5.6.3版本引入 * 5.6.x版本中,5.6.5及其之前的版本默认为10,5.6.6及其之后的版本默认值为-1,通常情况下,自动计算的值都是10 * 5.7.x版本中,默认值为-1,通常情况下,自动计算的值都是10
除了statement(语句)事件之外,wait(等待)事件、state(阶段)事件、transaction(事务)事件,他们与statement事件一样都有三个参数分别进行存储限制配置,有兴趣的同学自行研究,这里不再赘述
*/
performance_schema_max_digest_length=1024
/*
用于控制标准化形式的SQL语句文本在存入performance_schema时的限制长度,该变量与max_digest_length变量相关(max_digest_length变量含义请自行查阅相关资料)
全局变量,只读变量,默认值1024字节,整型值,取值范围0~1048576
*/
performance_schema_max_sql_text_length=1024
/*
控制存入events_statements_current,events_statements_history和events_statements_history_long语句事件表中的SQL_TEXT列的最大SQL长度字节数。 超出系统变量performance_schema_max_sql_text_length的部分将被丢弃,不会记录,一般情况下不需要调整该参数,除非被截断的部分与其他SQL比起来有很大差异
全局变量,只读变量,整型值,默认值为1024字节,取值范围为0~1048576,5.7.6版本引入
降低系统变量performance_schema_max_sql_text_length值可以减少内存使用,但如果汇总的SQL中,被截断部分有较大差异,会导致没有办法再对这些有较大差异的SQL进行区分。 增加该系统变量值会增加内存使用,但对于汇总SQL来讲可以更精准地区分不同的部分。
*/复制代码

比较有意义:performance_schema实践操作

基本了解了表的相关信息之后,可以通过这些表进行实际的查询操作来进行实际的分析。

--1、哪类的SQL执行最多?SELECT DIGEST_TEXT,COUNT_STAR,FIRST_SEEN,LAST_SEEN FROM events_statements_summary_by_digest ORDER BY COUNT_STAR DESC--2、哪类SQL的平均响应时间最多?SELECT DIGEST_TEXT,AVG_TIMER_WAIT FROM events_statements_summary_by_digest ORDER BY COUNT_STAR DESC--3、哪类SQL排序记录数最多?SELECT DIGEST_TEXT,SUM_SORT_ROWS FROM events_statements_summary_by_digest ORDER BY COUNT_STAR DESC--4、哪类SQL扫描记录数最多?SELECT DIGEST_TEXT,SUM_ROWS_EXAMINED FROM events_statements_summary_by_digest ORDER BY COUNT_STAR DESC--5、哪类SQL使用临时表最多?SELECT DIGEST_TEXT,SUM_CREATED_TMP_TABLES,SUM_CREATED_TMP_DISK_TABLES FROM events_statements_summary_by_digest ORDER BY COUNT_STAR DESC--6、哪类SQL返回结果集最多?SELECT DIGEST_TEXT,SUM_ROWS_SENT FROM events_statements_summary_by_digest ORDER BY COUNT_STAR DESC--7、哪个表物理IO最多?SELECT file_name,event_name,SUM_NUMBER_OF_BYTES_READ,SUM_NUMBER_OF_BYTES_WRITE FROM file_summary_by_instance ORDER BY SUM_NUMBER_OF_BYTES_READ + SUM_NUMBER_OF_BYTES_WRITE DESC--8、哪个表逻辑IO最多?SELECT object_name,COUNT_READ,COUNT_WRITE,COUNT_FETCH,SUM_TIMER_WAIT FROM table_io_waits_summary_by_table ORDER BY sum_timer_wait DESC--9、哪个索引访问最多?SELECT OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,COUNT_FETCH,COUNT_INSERT,COUNT_UPDATE,COUNT_DELETE FROM table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage ORDER BY SUM_TIMER_WAIT DESC--10、哪个索引从来没有用过?SELECT OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME FROM table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage WHERE INDEX_NAME IS NOT NULL AND COUNT_STAR = 0 AND OBJECT_SCHEMA <> 'mysql' ORDER BY OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME;--11、哪个等待事件消耗时间最多?SELECT EVENT_NAME,COUNT_STAR,SUM_TIMER_WAIT,AVG_TIMER_WAIT FROM events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name WHERE event_name != 'idle' ORDER BY SUM_TIMER_WAIT DESC--12-1、剖析某条SQL的执行情况,包括statement信息,stege信息,wait信息SELECT EVENT_ID,sql_text FROM events_statements_history WHERE sql_text LIKE '%count(*)%';--12-2、查看每个阶段的时间消耗SELECT event_id,EVENT_NAME,SOURCE,TIMER_END - TIMER_START FROM events_stages_history_long WHERE NESTING_EVENT_ID = 1553;--12-3、查看每个阶段的锁等待情况SELECT event_id,event_name,source,timer_wait,object_name,index_name,operation,nesting_event_id FROM events_waits_history_longWHERE nesting_event_id = 1553;复制代码

关于Performance Schema的东西,我们还可以参考官网继续进行详细的了解。

我们来思考一下,否可以做一个系统出来,通过查询Performance Schema的表的一些信息,并将其展示到web端,这样我们就可以进行可视化监控了?

show processlist

使用show processlist查看连接的线程个数,来观察是否有大量线程处于不正常的状态或者其他不正常的特征。

mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+--------------------+---------+------+----------+------------------+| Id | User | Host      | db                 | Command | Time | State    | Info             |
+----+------+-----------+--------------------+---------+------+----------+------------------+|  6 | root | localhost | performance_schema | Query   |    0 | starting | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+--------------------+---------+------+----------+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)复制代码

属性说明:

id session id

user 操作的用户

host 操作的主机

db 操作的数据库

command 当前状态

  • sleep:线程正在等待客户端发送新的请求
  • query:线程正在执行查询或正在将结果发送给客户端
  • locked:在mysql的服务层,该线程正在等待表锁
  • analyzing and statistics:线程正在收集存储引擎的统计信息,并生成查询的执行计划
  • Copying to tmp table:线程正在执行查询,并且将其结果集都复制到一个临时表中
  • sorting result:线程正在对结果集进行排序
  • sending data:线程可能在多个状态之间传送数据,或者在生成结果集或者向客户端返回数据

info 详细的sql语句

time 相应命令执行时间

state 命令执行状态

小结

MySQL调优之性能监控:

  1. show profile 使用show profile查询剖析工具,可以指定具体的type
  2. performance schema 使用performance schema来更加容易的监控mysql
  3. show processlist 使用show processlist查看连接的线程个数,来观察是否有大量线程处于不正常的状态或者其他不正常的特征

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