Python xlwt工具使用详解,生成excel栏位宽度可自适应内容长度

xlwt工具使用,生成excel栏位宽度可自适应内容长度

import xlwt
result = [
            ['姓名', '性别', '年龄'],
            ['张三11111111111111111', '男', 186],
            ['李四', '男', 18],
            ['小花', '女', 16],
            ['梅梅', '女', 14],
        ]
 
total = [
            ['男（人）', '女（人）', '共（人）'],
            [2, 2, 4],
        ]
 
# 获取字符串长度，一个中文的长度为2
def len_byte(value):
    length = len(value)
    utf8_length = len(value.encode('utf-8'))
    length = (utf8_length - length) / 2 + length
    return int(length)
 
#设置字体
font = xlwt.font()
font.bold = true
 
#设置边框
borders = xlwt.borders()
borders.left = xlwt.borders.thin
borders.right = xlwt.borders.thin
borders.top = xlwt.borders.thin
borders.bottom = xlwt.borders.thin
 
#设置居中
alignment = xlwt.alignment()
alignment.horz = xlwt.alignment.horz_center  #水平方向
alignment.vert = xlwt.alignment.vert_top  #垂直方向
 
#设置背景颜色
pattern = xlwt.pattern()
pattern.pattern = xlwt.pattern.solid_pattern
pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 3  #背景颜色
 
#定义不同的excel style
style1 = xlwt.xfstyle()
style1.font = font
style1.borders = borders
style1.alignment = alignment
style2 = xlwt.xfstyle()
style2.borders = borders
style2.alignment = alignment
style3 = xlwt.xfstyle()
style3.borders = borders
style3.alignment = alignment
style4 = xlwt.xfstyle()
style4.borders = borders
style4.font = font
style4.pattern = pattern
style4.alignment = alignment
workbook = xlwt.workbook(encoding='utf-8')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('my worksheet')
 
#确定栏位宽度
col_width = []
for i in range(len(result)):
    for j in range(len(result[i])):
        if i == 0:
            col_width.append(len_byte(result[i][j]))
        else:
            if col_width[j] < len_byte(str(result[i][j])):
                col_width[j] = len_byte(result[i][j])
 
#设置栏位宽度，栏位宽度小于10时候采用默认宽度
for i in range(len(col_width)):
    if col_width[i] > 10:
        worksheet.col(i).width = 256 * (col_width[i] + 1)
 
#设置栏位高度
# tall_style = xlwt.easyxf('font:height 720;') #设置字体高度
# row0 = worksheet.row(0)
# row0.set_style(tall_style)
 
#excel内容写入
for i in range(len(result)):
    for j in range(len(result[i])):
        if i == 0:
            worksheet.write(i, j, label=result[i][j], style=style1)
        else:
            worksheet.write(i, j, label=result[i][j], style=style2)
 
#excel统计结果写入
for m in range(len(total)):
    for n in range(len(total[m])):
        if m == 0:
            worksheet.write(m + i + 3, n + 2, label=total[m][n], style=style4)
        else:
            worksheet.write(m + i + 3, n + 2, label=total[m][n], style=style2)
 
#合并单元格
worksheet.write_merge(m + i + 4, m + i + 6, 2, 4, label='统计:       签名：', style=style3)
workbook.save('excel_workbook.xls')

xlwt模块自适应列宽写入excel

最近需要写一个用python将数据写入excel的小工具，遇到了自适应列宽写入excel的问题，特此记录下解决思路及过程。

运行环境：windows10、pycharm 2017.3.2、python3.6、xlwt1.3.0

编写小dome如下

import xlwt
'''
利用python的xlwt模块自适应列宽写入excel
'''
row_num = 0  # 记录写入行数
# 个人信息：姓名，性别，年龄，手机号，固定电话，邮箱
line_name = ['姓名','性别','年龄','手机号','固定电话','邮箱']
data = [
            ['厘清','女','31','18745214693','010-4784125','5412546qq.com'],
            ['张三','男','26','18245554693','010-4784125','无'],
            ['王武','男','19','13245266693','无','785992546qq.com'],
            ['熊大','男','16','无','010-4784125','115412546qq.com'],
            ['熊二','男','22','18745214693','010-4784125','3654126qq.com']
    ]
# 创建一个workbook对象
book = xlwt.workbook(encoding="utf-8",style_compression=0)
# 创建一个sheet对象
sheet = book.add_sheet('person_msg', cell_overwrite_ok=true)
# 写入列名
for name in range(0, len(line_name)):
    sheet.write(row_num, name, line_name[name])
row_num += 1
# 写入数据
for i in range(0, len(data)):
    for j in range(0, len(data[i])):
        sheet.write(row_num, j, data[i][j])
    row_num += 1
# 保存excel文件
book.save('person_msg.xls')

生成的excel文件没有任何排版比较乱

解决思路

获取每列写入字符长度，比较出每列最宽的长度，最后设置合适的长度。

计算字符串的长度时要注意一个汉字占两个字节，需要指定字符串的字符集才能获取正确的字符数

>>> str = 'liming李明'
>>> len(str)
8
>>> len(str.encode('gb18030'))
10

最后代码如下

import xlwt
import copy
'''
利用python的xlwt模块自适应列宽写入excel
'''
# 获取每列所占用的最大列宽
def get_max_col(max_list):
    line_list = []
    # i表示行，j代表列
    for j in range(len(max_list[0])):
        line_num = []
        for i in range(len(max_list)):
            line_num.append(max_list[i][j])  # 将每列的宽度存入line_num
        line_list.append(max(line_num))  # 将每列最大宽度存入line_list
    return line_list
def write_excel():
    row_num = 0  # 记录写入行数
    col_list = []  # 记录每行宽度
    # 个人信息：姓名，性别，年龄，手机号，固定电话，邮箱
    data = [
                ['姓名','性别','年龄','手机号','固定电话','邮箱'],
                ['厘清','女','31','18745214693','0104784125','5412546qq.com'],
                ['张三','男','26','18245554693','010-4784125','无'],
                ['王武','男','19','13245266693','无','785992546qq.com'],
                ['熊大','男','16','无','010-4784125','115412546qq.com'],
                ['熊二','男','22','18745214693','010-4784125','3654126qq.com']
        ]
    # 创建一个workbook对象
    book = xlwt.workbook(encoding="utf-8",style_compression=0)
    # 创建一个sheet对象
    sheet = book.add_sheet('person_msg', cell_overwrite_ok=true)
    col_num = [0 for x in range(0, len(data))]
    # 写入数据
    for i in range(0, len(data)):
        for j in range(0, len(data[i])):
            sheet.write(row_num, j, data[i][j])
            col_num[j] = len(data[i][j].encode('gb18030')) # 计算每列值的大小
        col_list.append(copy.copy(col_num))  # 记录一行每列写入的长度
        row_num += 1
    # 获取每列最大宽度
    col_max_num = get_max_col(col_list)
    # 设置自适应列宽
    for i in range(0, len(col_max_num)):
        # 256*字符数得到excel列宽,为了不显得特别紧凑添加两个字符宽度
        sheet.col(i).width = 256 * (col_max_num[i] + 2)
    # 保存excel文件
    book.save('person_msg.xls')
write_excel()

生成excel文件person_msg.xls

以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持。