欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  IT编程

MySQL学习记录 ----- SQL查询语句(DQL)

程序员文章站 2022-03-29 20:26:18
相关文章:《MySQL学习记录 (一) ----- 有关数据库的基本概念和MySQL常用命令》SQL查询语句(DQL)一、简单查询语法格式功能select 字段名1,字段名2... from 表名;查询表中一个或多个字段的记录select * from 表名查询表中所有字段记录二、条件查询语法介绍语法格式功能select 字段名1,字段名2... from 表名 where 条件;条件查询条件运算符运算符...
相关文章:
  1. 《MySQL学习记录 (一) ----- 有关数据库的基本概念和MySQL常用命令》
  2. 《MySQL学习记录 (二) ----- SQL查询语句(DQL)》

SQL查询语句(DQL)


一、简单查询
语法格式 功能
select 字段名1,字段名2... from 表名; 查询表中一个或多个字段的记录
select * from 表名 查询表中所有字段记录
二、条件查询
  1. 语法介绍

    语法格式 功能
    select 字段名1,字段名2... from 表名 where 条件; 条件查询
  2. 条件运算符

    运算符 说明
    = 判等
    <>!= 不等于
    < 小于
    <= 小于等于
    > 大于
    >= 大于等于
    between A and B [A,B],等同于>= A and <= B
    is null / is not null 为空 / 不为空
    and 并且
    or 或者
    in / not in in等同于or, not in中的in等同于and
    not 取非,主要在is或者in中使用
    like 模糊查询,支持%或者下划线匹配
三、注意
  1. 任何一条sql语句以;结尾
  2. sql语句不区分大小写
  3. sql语句中字符串要求用''单引号括起来
  4. 条件查询语句执行顺序:from—>where—>select
四、示例:
  1. 查询表中一个或多个字段的记录

    mysql> select ename,sal from emp;
    +--------+---------+
    | ename  | sal     |
    +--------+---------+
    | SMITH  |  800.00 |
    | ALLEN  | 1600.00 |
    | WARD   | 1250.00 |
    | JONES  | 2975.00 |
    | MARTIN | 1250.00 |
    | BLAKE  | 2850.00 |
    | CLARK  | 2450.00 |
    | SCOTT  | 3000.00 |
    | KING   | 5000.00 |
    | TURNER | 1500.00 |
    | ADAMS  | 1100.00 |
    | JAMES  |  950.00 |
    | FORD   | 3000.00 |
    | MILLER | 1300.00 |
    +--------+---------+
    
  2. 显示字段运算结果

    mysql> select ename,sal*12 from emp;
    +--------+----------+
    | ename  | sal*12   |
    +--------+----------+
    | SMITH  |  9600.00 |
    | ALLEN  | 19200.00 |
    | WARD   | 15000.00 |
    | JONES  | 35700.00 |
    | MARTIN | 15000.00 |
    | BLAKE  | 34200.00 |
    | CLARK  | 29400.00 |
    | SCOTT  | 36000.00 |
    | KING   | 60000.00 |
    | TURNER | 18000.00 |
    | ADAMS  | 13200.00 |
    | JAMES  | 11400.00 |
    | FORD   | 36000.00 |
    | MILLER | 15600.00 |
    +--------+----------+
    
  3. 将查询结果中的字段按指定字符显示出来

    mysql> select ename,sal*12 as '年薪'  from emp;
    +--------+----------+
    | ename  | 年薪     |
    +--------+----------+
    | SMITH  |  9600.00 |
    | ALLEN  | 19200.00 |
    | WARD   | 15000.00 |
    | JONES  | 35700.00 |
    | MARTIN | 15000.00 |
    | BLAKE  | 34200.00 |
    | CLARK  | 29400.00 |
    | SCOTT  | 36000.00 |
    | KING   | 60000.00 |
    | TURNER | 18000.00 |
    | ADAMS  | 13200.00 |
    | JAMES  | 11400.00 |
    | FORD   | 36000.00 |
    | MILLER | 15600.00 |
    +--------+----------+
    
  4. 显示表中所有记录

    mysql> select * from emp;
    +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
    | EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
    +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
    |  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
    |  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
    |  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
    |  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
    |  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
    |  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
    |  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
    |  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
    |  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
    |  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
    +-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
    
  5. 条件查询:查询年薪小于等于20000的员工,查询结果显示姓名、编号

    mysql> select empno,ename,sal*12 from emp where sal*12<=20000;
    +-------+--------+----------+
    | empno | ename  | sal*12   |
    +-------+--------+----------+
    |  7369 | SMITH  |  9600.00 |
    |  7499 | ALLEN  | 19200.00 |
    |  7521 | WARD   | 15000.00 |
    |  7654 | MARTIN | 15000.00 |
    |  7844 | TURNER | 18000.00 |
    |  7876 | ADAMS  | 13200.00 |
    |  7900 | JAMES  | 11400.00 |
    |  7934 | MILLER | 15600.00 |
    +-------+--------+----------+
    
  6. 条件查询:姓名首字母为A—C的员工姓名

    mysql> select ename from emp where ename  between 'A' and 'C';
    +-------+
    | ename |
    +-------+
    | ALLEN |
    | BLAKE |
    | ADAMS |
    +-------+
    

    注意:用between…and…查询字符串时,范围是左闭右开,如:上面[A,C)

  7. 条件查询:查询员工表中谁没有津贴

    mysql> select ename,comm from emp where comm is null;
    +--------+------+
    | ename  | comm |
    +--------+------+
    | SMITH  | NULL |
    | JONES  | NULL |
    | BLAKE  | NULL |
    | CLARK  | NULL |
    | SCOTT  | NULL |
    | KING   | NULL |
    | ADAMS  | NULL |
    | JAMES  | NULL |
    | FORD   | NULL |
    | MILLER | NULL |
    +--------+------+
    
  8. 条件查询:查询员工表中职位为manager和salesman的员工

    mysql> select ename,job from emp where job = 'manager' or job = 'salesman';
    +--------+----------+
    | ename  | job      |
    +--------+----------+
    | ALLEN  | SALESMAN |
    | WARD   | SALESMAN |
    | JONES  | MANAGER  |
    | MARTIN | SALESMAN |
    | BLAKE  | MANAGER  |
    | CLARK  | MANAGER  |
    | TURNER | SALESMAN |
    +--------+----------+
    
    mysql> select ename,job from emp where job in('manager','salesman');
    +--------+----------+
    | ename  | job      |
    +--------+----------+
    | ALLEN  | SALESMAN |
    | WARD   | SALESMAN |
    | JONES  | MANAGER  |
    | MARTIN | SALESMAN |
    | BLAKE  | MANAGER  |
    | CLARK  | MANAGER  |
    | TURNER | SALESMAN |
    
  9. 条件查询:查询员工表中职位不为manager或者salesman的员工

    mysql> select ename,job from emp where job != 'manager' and job != 'salesman';
    +--------+-----------+
    | ename  | job       |
    +--------+-----------+
    | SMITH  | CLERK     |
    | SCOTT  | ANALYST   |
    | KING   | PRESIDENT |
    | ADAMS  | CLERK     |
    | JAMES  | CLERK     |
    | FORD   | ANALYST   |
    | MILLER | CLERK     |
    +--------+-----------+
    
    mysql> select ename,job from emp where job not in('manager','salesman');
    +--------+-----------+
    | ename  | job       |
    +--------+-----------+
    | SMITH  | CLERK     |
    | SCOTT  | ANALYST   |
    | KING   | PRESIDENT |
    | ADAMS  | CLERK     |
    | JAMES  | CLERK     |
    | FORD   | ANALYST   |
    | MILLER | CLERK     |
    +--------+-----------+
    
  10. 条件查询:找出薪资大于1000并且部门编号是20或30的员工

    mysql> select ename,sal,deptno from emp where sal > 1000 and (deptno=20 or deptno=30);
    +--------+---------+--------+
    | ename  | sal     | deptno |
    +--------+---------+--------+
    | ALLEN  | 1600.00 |     30 |
    | WARD   | 1250.00 |     30 |
    | JONES  | 2975.00 |     20 |
    | MARTIN | 1250.00 |     30 |
    | BLAKE  | 2850.00 |     30 |
    | SCOTT  | 3000.00 |     20 |
    | TURNER | 1500.00 |     30 |
    | ADAMS  | 1100.00 |     20 |
    | FORD   | 3000.00 |     20 |
    +--------+---------+--------+
    
  11. 条件查询:查询员工姓名中含有’o’字符的员工

    mysql> select ename from emp where ename like '%o%';
    +-------+
    | ename |
    +-------+
    | JONES |
    | SCOTT |
    | FORD  |
    +-------+
    

    注意:单引号''中嵌套特殊字符%%

  12. 条件查询:查询员工姓名中第二个字母为A的员工

    mysql> select ename from emp where ename like '_A%';
    +--------+
    | ename  |
    +--------+
    | WARD   |
    | MARTIN |
    | JAMES  |
    +--------+
    

    拓展
    (1) 查询名字第一个字母为A ,like 'A%'
    (2) 查询名字最后一个字母为T , like '%T'
    (3) 查询名字中含有下划线_like '%\_%'

本文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/k909397116/article/details/107412981