PHP uniqid函数执行缓慢的问题

前段时间某个需求：客户提交简单的表单可以创建一个适应于全终端（PC，Pad，Phone）的刮刮卡活动H5页面，其中涉及到客户可在线生成限额6W奖品码的功能。
因为需要保持每个活动奖品码的唯一，我们先是准备用PHP的uniqid函数来生成UUID（Universally Unique IDentifier，也叫GUID，为全局唯一标识符，是一种由算法生成的唯一标识）来生成。
但当我们用生成1W测试时候，发现生成过些需要几十秒，还不包括插入至数据库的时间，然后用xhprof写了个简单例子进行性能测试

<?php
xhprof_enable(XHPROF_FLAGS_CPU|XHPROF_FLAGS_MEMORY);
function   myfunc(){
    for($i=0;$i<10000;$i++){
        $data = uniqid();
    }
}
myfunc();
$data = xhprof_disable();
print_r($data);

测试结果：

[myfunc==>uniqid] => Array(
            [ct] => 10000
            [wt] => 39975062
            [cpu] => 0
            [mu] => 960752
            [pmu] => 0
)

竟然需要接近40秒的时间生成，单次执行需要3969微秒，也即是0.003969秒生成。如果用户提交表单的同时生成兑换码，最坏情况下需要4分钟才给用户反应，当然可以用消息队列异步生成，但是为啥uniqid需要如此多的时间来生成一个简单的字符串呢？

然后去查看uniqid的实现源码，代码贴在下面

PHP_FUNCTION(uniqid)
{
     char *prefix = "";
#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
     zend_bool more_entropy = 1;
#else
     zend_bool more_entropy = 0;
#endif
     char *uniqid;
     int sec, usec, prefix_len = 0;
     struct timeval tv;
     if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|sb", &prefix, &prefix_len,
                                     &more_entropy)) {
          return;
     }
#if HAVE_USLEEP && !defined(PHP_WIN32)
     if (!more_entropy) {
#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
          php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "You must use 'more entropy' under CYGWIN");
          RETURN_FALSE;
#else
          usleep(1);
#endif
     }
#endif
     gettimeofday((struct timeval *) &tv, (struct timezone *) NULL);
     sec = (int) tv.tv_sec;
     usec = (int) (tv.tv_usec % 0x100000);
     /* The max value usec can have is 0xF423F, so we use only five hex
     * digits for usecs.
     */
     if (more_entropy) {
          spprintf(&uniqid, 0, "%s%08x%05x%.8F", prefix, sec, usec, php_combined_lcg(TSRMLS_C) * 10);
     } else {
          spprintf(&uniqid, 0, "%s%08x%05x", prefix, sec, usec);
     }
     RETURN_STRING(uniqid, 0);
}

看逻辑也没有复杂的操作，也是对现在时间秒和微秒进行简单的处理，然后写了个简单的测试

int getUniqid( char * uid) {
     int sec, usec;
     struct timeval tv;
     gettimeofday(( struct timeval *) &tv, ( struct timezone *) NULL);
     sec = ( int) tv. tv_sec;
     usec = ( int ) (tv.tv_usec % 0x100000);
     sprintf(uid, "%08x%05x" , sec, usec);
     return 1;
}

执行1W次也就需要2000微秒，这又是为啥？但是我们发现生成的uid中存在大量的重复，这是才注意点原代码中的usleep函数，
加上usleep函数在测试，这次和PHP结果一致也需要将近40秒，usleep在此为了保持每次生成的uid不同。
那问题出现在usleep函数上了，然后在usleep前后加上取间隔时间，代码如下

struct timeval start, end;
      gettimeofday(( struct timeval *) &start, ( struct timezone *) NULL);
      usleep(1);
      gettimeofday(( struct timeval *) &end, ( struct timezone *) NULL);
      unsigned long space = (end.tv_sec - start. tv_sec) * 1000000 + end.tv_usec
              - start. tv_usec;
       spaceCost += space;

最后发现生成1W奖品码需要39.99587739.995877秒，而usleep间隔时间总和39.982442m，通过打印usleep时间发现每次usleep(1)从进程挂起到唤醒需要4000微秒,本来就知道usleep达不到精度，也也相差太远了点。
最后用了下面代码生成奖品码

/**
     * 生成兑换码并保存到数据库  返回setNo
     * $pageId 活动ID
     * $level 奖品等级
     * $numbers 生成奖品的个数
     */
    public static  function generateCDKEYAndSave($pageId,$level,$numbers){
        $level1Prefix =array(2,5,9,'E','F','M','N','Q','K','Z');//一等奖的前缀
        $level2Prefix =array(1,3,7,'A','C','J','R','U','V','X');//二等奖的前置
        $level3Prefix = array(4,6,8,'B','D','G','H','I','L','O','P','R','S','T','W','Y');//三等奖的前缀
        if(empty($pageId) || empty($level) || empty($numbers)) return false;
        $levelPrefix =$level1Prefix;
        if($level==2) $levelPrefix = $level2Prefix;
        if($level==3) $levelPrefix = $level3Prefix;
        $codes =array();
        $now = time();
        for($i=0;$i<$numbers;$i++){
            $prefixKey = array_rand($levelPrefix);
            $prefix = self::COUPON_PREFIX.$levelPrefix[$prefixKey];
            //$code =base_convert(hexdec(md5(uniqid())),10,26); 服务器上面uniqid执行慢的要死
            //$code =base_convert(hexdec(md5($pageId.'A#1$v&'.$i)),10,26);//数据过多 hexdec丢失大量精度
            $code1 = base_convert(substr(md5($pageId.$i.$now), 0, 10), 16, 36);
            $code2 = base_convert($i, 10, 26);
            $code2Len = strlen($code2);
            if ($code2Len == 1) {
                $code2 .= chr(rand(82, 90)) . chr(rand(82, 90)) . chr(rand(82, 90));
            }
            else if ($code2Len == 2) {
                $code2 .= chr(rand(82, 90)) . chr(rand(82, 90));
            }
            else if ($code2Len == 3) {
                $code2 .= chr(rand(82, 90));
            }
            $code =$code1.$code2;
            $codes[] = $prefix.strtoupper($code);
        }
       return $codes;
    }

附带uuid测试代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
unsigned long sleepCost = 0;
int getUniqid( char * uid,int times) {
      struct timeval start, end;
      gettimeofday(( struct timeval *) &start, ( struct timezone *) NULL);
      usleep(1);
      gettimeofday(( struct timeval *) &end, ( struct timezone *) NULL);
      unsigned long space = (end.tv_sec - start. tv_sec) * 1000000 + end.tv_usec
              - start. tv_usec;
     sleepCost += space;
      if (0 == times%1000) printf ("\n-----sleep cost-------\n%lu usec\n", space);
      int sec, usec;
      struct timeval tv;
      gettimeofday(( struct timeval *) &tv, ( struct timezone *) NULL);
     sec = ( int) tv. tv_sec;
     usec = ( int ) (tv.tv_usec % 0x100000);
      sprintf(uid, "%08x%05x" , sec, usec);
      return 1;
}
int main( int argc, char * argv[]) {
      struct timeval start, end;
      gettimeofday(( struct timeval *) &start, ( struct timezone *) NULL);
      for ( int i = 1; i <= 10000; i++) {
           char data[20];
          getUniqid(data,i);
     }
      gettimeofday(( struct timeval *) &end, ( struct timezone *) NULL);
      unsigned long space = (end.tv_sec - start. tv_sec) * 1000000 + end.tv_usec
              - start. tv_usec;
      printf( "\n-----cost-------\n% lu usec\n  \n-----sum sleep sost-------\n% lu usec\n" , space,sleepCost);
}