Jquery 选择器全面详解
1 概述
我们已经使用了带有简单Css选择器的jQuery选取函数:$()。现在是时候深入了解jQuery选择器语法,以及一些提取和扩充选中元素集的方法了。
一、jQuery选择器
在CSS3选择器标淮草案定义的选择器语法中,jQuery支持相当完整的一套子集,同时还添加了一些非标准但很有用的伪类。注意:本节讲述的是 jQuery选择器。其中有不少选择器(但不是全部)可以在CSS样式表中使用。选择器语法有三层结构。你肯定已经见过选择器中最简单的形式。”#te st”选取id属性为”test”的元素。”blockquote”选取文档中的所有<blockquote>元素,而”div.note” 则选取所有class属性为”note”的<blockquote>元素。简单选择器可以组合成“组合选择器”,比如 “div.note>p”和“blockquote i”,只要用组合字符做分隔符就行。简单选择器和组合选择器还可以分组成逗号分隔的列表。这种选择器组是传递给$()函数最常见的形式。在解释组合选择器 和选择器组之前,我们必须先了解简单选择器的语法。
2 基本选择器
2.1 一览表
2.2 示例代码
(1)id选择器
将id为lastname元素的背景色设置为蓝色
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("#lastname").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 12 });13 14 </script>15 </head>16 <body>17 <div id="lastname">id为lastname的选择器</div>18 </body>19 </html>
(2)类选择器
将class为intro元素的背景色设置为蓝色
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $(".intro").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 12 });13 14 </script>15 </head>16 <body>17 <div class="intro">div选择器测试</div>18 <p class="intro">p测试选择器</p>19 </body>20 </html>
(3)元素选择器
将p元素的背景色设置为蓝色
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("p").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 12 });13 14 </script>15 </head>16 <body>17 <p>p测试选择器</p>18 </body>19 </html>
(4)所有选择器
遍历body下的所有元素,将其背景色设置为蓝色
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("body *").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 12 });13 14 </script>15 </head>16 <body>17 <div>选择器测试</div>18 <p>p元素</p>19 </body>20 </html>
(5)并列选择器
将元素p和元素div背景色设置为蓝色
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("p,div").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 12 });13 14 </script>15 </head>16 <body>17 <div>选择器测试</div>18 <p>p元素</p>19 </body>20 </html>
3 层次选择器
3.1 一览表
3.2 示例代码
(1)parent>child(直系子元素,即直接下一代元素)
设置div元素的第一代元素为span的元素的背景色为蓝色
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("div>span").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 12 });13 14 </script>15 </head>16 <body>17 <div>18 <span>DOM树,DIV第一代</span>19 <p>20 <span>DOM树,第二代</span>21 </p>22 <span>DOM树,DIV第一代</span>23 </div>24 </body>25 </html>
测试结果:
结果分析:根据如上代码画出的DOM树如下,可以很清晰看出,DIV有三个直接孩子,即第一代span,p,span,代码中div>span,表示div下的直接第一代span,因此,测试结果就不难理解了。
(2)prev+next(prev元素的下一个兄弟元素,等同于next()方法)
设置类为intro元素的下一个兄弟元素背景色为蓝色
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $(".intro+div").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 //$(".intro").next("div").css("background-color", "#0000ff");12 13 });14 15 </script>16 </head>17 <body>18 <div>1</div>19 <p class="intro">2</p>20 <div>3</div>21 <div>4</div>22 <span class="item">5</span>23 <div>6</div>24 </body>25 </html>
测试结果:
结果分析:根据如上代码画出DOM树如下图,测试结果显而易见。
(3)prev~siblings(prev元素的所有兄弟元素,等同于nextAll()方法)
设置类为intro元素之后的所有兄弟元素为div元素的背景色为蓝色
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $(".intro~div").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 </head>15 <body>16 <div>G0</div>17 <div class="intro">G1</div>18 <div>G2</div>19 <span>G3</span>20 <div>G4</div>21 </body>22 </html>
测试结果:
分析测试结果:根据如上代码画出DOM树如下图,测试结果显而易见。
4 过滤选择器
4.1 基本过滤选择器
4.1.1 一览表
4.1.2 代码示例
(1):first(选取第一个元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("span:first").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 </head>15 <body>16 <span>G1</span>17 <span>G2</span>18 <span>G3</span>19 </body>20 </html>
测试结果:
(2):last(选取最后一个元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("span:last").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 </head>15 <body>16 <span>G1</span>17 <span>G2</span>18 <span>G3</span>19 </body>20 </html>
测试结果:
(3):not(取非元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("div:not(.wrap)").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 </head>15 <body>16 <div>G1</div>17 <div class="wrap">G2</div>18 </body>19 </html>
但是,请注意下面的代码:当G1所在div和G2所在div是父子关系时,G1和G2都会变色。
1 <div>2 G1 <div class="wrap">G2</div>3 </div>
(4):even(索引为偶数,索引 index从0开始)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("div:even").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 </head>15 <body>16 <div>G1</div>17 <div>G2</div>18 <div>G3</div>19 <div>G4</div>20 </body>21 </html>
测试结果:
(5):odd(索引为奇数,索引 index从0开始)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("div:odd").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 </head>15 <body>16 <div>G1</div>17 <div>G2</div>18 <div>G3</div>19 <div>G4</div>20 </body>21 </html>
测试结果:
(6):eq(x)(取指定索引的元素,x为从0开始的索引)
设置索引为2的div元素背景为蓝色
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("div:eq(2)").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 </head>15 <body>16 <div>G1</div>17 <div>G2</div>18 <div>G3</div>19 <div>G4</div>20 </body>21 </html>
测试结果:
(7):lt(x))(取小于指定索引的元素,x为从0开始的索引)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("div:lt(2)").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 </head>15 <body>16 <div>G1</div>17 <div>G2</div>18 <div>G3</div>19 <div>G4</div>20 </body>21 </html>
测试结果:
(8):gt(x))(取大于指定索引的元素,x为从0开始的索引)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("div:gt(2)").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 </head>15 <body>16 <div>G1</div>17 <div>G2</div>18 <div>G3</div>19 <div>G4</div>20 </body>21 </html>
测试结果:
(8):header(取h1-h6标题元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $(":header").css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 </head>15 <body>16 <h1>测试H1标题</h1>17 <div>G1</div>18 <div>G2</div>19 <div>G3</div>20 <h2>测试h2标题</h2>21 <h3>测试h3标题</h3>22 <h4>测试h4标题</h4>23 <div>G4</div>24 <h5>测试h5标题</h5>25 <h6>测试h6标题</h6>26 </body>27 </html>
测试结果:
(9):animated(所有动画元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 function aniDiv() {11 $("#box").animate({ width: 300 }, "slow");12 $("#box").animate({ width: 100 }, "slow", aniDiv);13 }14 aniDiv();15 $(".btn1").click(function () {16 $(":animated").css("background-color", "#0000ff");17 });18 });19 20 </script>21 <style>22 div {23 background: #98bf21;24 height: 40px;25 width: 100px;26 position: relative;27 margin-bottom: 5px;28 }29 </style>30 </head>31 <body>32 <div></div>33 <div id="box"></div>34 <div></div>35 <button class="btn1">Mark animated element</button>36 </body>37 </html>
测试结果:
4.2 内容过滤选择器
4.2.1 一览表
4.2.2 示例代码
(1):contains(text)(取包含text文本的元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $('div:contains("G2")').css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 15 </head>16 <body>17 <div>G1</div>18 <div>G2</div>19 <div>G3</div>20 </body>21 </html>
测试结果:
(2):empty(取不包含子元素或文本为空的元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $('div:empty').html('没有内容');11 });12 13 </script>14 15 </head>16 <body>17 <div>G1</div>18 <div>G2</div>19 <div>G3</div>20 <div></div>21 </body>22 </html>
测试结果:
(3) :has(selector)(取选择器匹配的元素)
即使span不是div的直系子元素,也会生效
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 // 为包含span元素的div添加边框11 $('div:has(span)').css('border', '1px solid #000');12 });13 14 </script>15 16 </head>17 <body>18 <div>19 <h2>20 A <span>B</span>21 </h2>22 </div>23 </body>24 </html>
测试结果:
(4):parent(取包含子元素或文本的元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $('ol li:parent').css('border', '1px solid #000');11 });12 13 </script>14 15 </head>16 <body>17 <ol>18 <li></li>19 <li>A</li>20 <li></li>21 <li>D</li>22 </ol>23 </body>24 </html>
测试结果:
4.3 可见性过滤选择器
4.3.1 一览表
4.3.2 示例代码
(1):hidden(取不可见的元素)
匹配display:none,<input type="hidden" />,visibility:hidden,capacity:0元素
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $('div:hidden').show(500);11 alert($('input:hidden').val());12 });13 </script>14 <style type="text/css">15 div 16 {17 margin: 10px;18 width: 200px;19 height: 40px;20 border: 1px solid #FF0000;21 display:block;22 }23 24 .hid-1 25 {26 display: none;27 }28 29 .hid-2 30 {31 visibility: hidden;32 }33 34 </style>35 </head>36 <body>37 <div class="hid-1">display: none</div>38 <div class="hid-2">visibility: hidden</div>39 <input type="hidden" value="hello" />40 </body>41 </html>
测试结果:
(2):visible(取可见的元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $('div:visible').css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 15 </head>16 <body>17 <div style="display:none">G1</div>18 <div>G2</div>19 <div style="display:none">G3</div>20 <div>G4</div>21 22 </body>23 </html>24 25 26
测试结果:
4.4 属性过滤选择器
4.4.1 一览表
4.4.2 代码示例
(1)[attribute](取拥有attribute属性的元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $('div[class]').css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 15 </head>16 <body>17 <div>G1</div>18 <div>G2</div>19 <div>G3</div>20 <div class="div4">G4</div>21 22 </body>23 </html>24 25 26
测试结果:
(2)[attribute = value](取attribute属性值等于value)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $('div[class=div3]').css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 15 </head>16 <body>17 <div>G1</div>18 <div>G2</div>19 <div class="div3">G3</div>20 <div class="div4">G4</div>21 22 </body>23 </html>24 25 26
测试结果:
(3) [attribute != value](取attribute属性值不等于value的元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $('div[class!=div3]').css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 15 </head>16 <body>17 <div>G1</div>18 <div>G2</div>19 <div class="div3">G3</div>20 <div class="div4">G4</div>21 22 </body>23 </html>24 25 26
测试结果:
(4)[attribute $= value](attribute属性值以value结束)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $('[id$=div]').css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 15 </head>16 <body>17 <div id="first_div">G1</div>18 <div id="second_div">G2</div>19 <div class="div3" title="3div">G3</div>20 <div class="div4">G4</div>21 22 </body>23 </html>
测试结果:
(5))[attribute^= value](attribute属性值以value开始)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $('[id^=first]').css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 15 </head>16 <body>17 <div id="first_div">G1</div>18 <div id="second_div">G2</div>19 <div class="div3" title="3div">G3</div>20 <div class="div4">G4</div>21 22 </body>23 </html>24 25 26
测试结果:
(6)[attribute *= value](attribute属性值包含value值)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $('[id*=first]').css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 15 </head>16 <body>17 <div id="first_div">G1</div>18 <div id="second_div">G2</div>19 <div class="div3" title="3div">G3</div>20 <div class="div4">G4</div>21 22 </body>23 </html>
测试结果:
注释:在属性选择器中,^$符号和正则表达式的开始结束符号表示的含义是一致的,*模糊匹配,类似于sql中的like '%str%'。
(7)[selector1][selector2](复合型属性过滤器,同时满足多个条件)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $('div[class=div3][title=3div]').css("background-color", "#0000ff");11 });12 13 </script>14 15 </head>16 <body>17 <div>G1</div>18 <div>G2</div>19 <div class="div3" title="3div">G3</div>20 <div class="div4">G4</div>21 22 </body>23 </html>24 25 26
测试结果:
4.5 子元素过滤选择器
4.5.1 一览表
4.5.2 代码示例
(1)first-child(表示匹配的第一个元素)和last-child(表示匹配的最后一个子元素)
需要大家注意的是,:fisrst和:last返回的都是单个元素,而:first-child和:last-child返回的都是集合元素。举个 例子:div:first返回的是整个DOM文档中第一个div元素,而div:first-child是返回所有div元素下的第一个元素合并后的集 合。
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("div:first-child").css("background-color", "#B2E0FF");11 $("div:last-child").css("background-color", "red");12 });13 </script>14 </head>15 <body>16 <div>17 <div>1</div>18 <div>2</div>19 <p>3</p>20 </div>21 <div>4</div>22 <div>last</div>23 </body>24 </html>
测试结果:
(3)only-child(当某个元素有且仅有一个子元素时,:only-child才会生效)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $("div:only-child").css("background-color", "red");11 });12 </script>13 </head>14 <body>15 <div>16 <div>1</div>17 <div>2</div>18 <p>3</p>19 </div>20 <div>4</div>21 <div>last22 <div>ddd</div>23 </div>24 </body>25 </html>
测试结果:
(4)nth-child
看到这个就想起英文单词里的,fourth, fifth, sixth……,nth表示第n个,:nth-child就表示第n个child元素。要注意的是,这儿的n不像eq(x)、gt(x)或lt(x)是从 0开始的,它是从1开始的,英文里好像也没有zeroth这样的序号词吧。
:nth-child有三种用法:
1) :nth-child(x),获取第x个子元素
2) :nth-child(even)和:nth-child(odd),从1开始,获取第偶数个元素或第奇数个元素
3) :nth-child(xn+y),x>=0,y>=0。例如x = 3, y = 0时就是3n,表示取第3n个元素(n>=0)。实际上xn+y是上面两种的通项式。(当x=0,y>=0时,等同于:hth- child(x);当x=2,y=0时,等同于nth-child(even);当x=2,y=1时,等同于:nth-child(odd))
4.6 表单对象属性过滤选择器
4.6.1 一览表
4.6.2 代码示例
(1):enabled和:disabled(取可用或不可用元素)
:enabled和:diabled的匹配范围包括input, select, textarea
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $(':enabled').css('border', '1px solid #FF0000');11 $(':disabled').css('border', '1px solid #0000FF');12 });13 14 </script>15 16 </head>17 <body>18 <div>19 <input type="text" value="可用的文本框" />20 </div>21 <div>22 <input type="text" disabled="disabled" value="不可用的文本框" />23 </div>24 <div>25 <textarea disabled="disabled">不可用的文本域</textarea>26 </div>27 <div>28 <select disabled="disabled">29 <option>English</option>30 <option>简体中文</option>31 </select>32 </div>33 </body>34 </html>
测试结果:
(2):checked(取选中的单选框或复选框元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $(".btn1").click(function () {11 $(":checked").hide();12 });13 });14 </script>15 16 </head>17 <body>18 <input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" checked="checked" /> Male19 <br />20 <input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> Female21 <br />22 I have a bike:23 <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike" />24 <br />25 I have a car:26 <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car" checked="checked" />27 <br />28 I have an airplane:29 <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Airplane" />30 <button class="btn1">Hide Checked Options</button>31 32 </body>33 </html>
(3):selected(取下拉列表被选中的元素)
1 <html> 2 <head> 3 <script type="text/javascript" src="/jquery/jquery.js"></script> 4 <script type="text/javascript"> 5 $(document).ready(function(){ 6 $(".btn1").click(function(){ 7 $(":selected").hide(); 8 }); 9 });10 </script>11 </head>12 <body>13 14 <select multiple="multiple">15 <option>Volvo</option>16 <option selected="selected">Saab</option>17 <option>Mercedes</option>18 <option>Audi</option>19 </select>20 <br />21 <button class="btn1">Hide Selected</button>22 </body>23 </html>
5 表单选择器
5.1 一览表
5.2 测试代码
(1):input()(选择所有input元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $(":input").css("background-color", "#B2E0FF");11 });12 </script>13 </head>14 <body>15 <form action="">16 Name: <input type="text" name="user" />17 <br />18 Password: <input type="password" name="password" />19 <br />20 <button type="button">Useless Button</button>21 <input type="button" value="Another useless button" />22 <br />23 <input type="reset" value="Reset" />24 <input type="submit" value="Submit" />25 <br />26 </form>27 </body>28 </html>
测试结果:
(2):text(选取所有text元素)
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> 6 <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> 7 <title>JQuery函数</title> 8 <script type="text/javascript"> 9 $(document).ready(function () {10 $(":text").css("background-color", "#B2E0FF");11 });12 </script>13 </head>14 <body>15 <form action="">16 Name: <input type="text" name="user" />17 <br />18 Password: <input type="password" name="password" />19 <br />20 <button type="button">Useless Button</button>21 <input type="button" value="Another useless button" />22 <br />23 <input type="reset" value="Reset" />24 <input type="submit" value="Submit" />25 <br />26 </form>27 </body>28 </html>
测试结果:
(3):select和:button
(4)其他表单元素比较简单,在此不列举。
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