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Java数据结构之链表相关知识总结

程序员文章站 2022-03-27 18:37:51
一、链表1.1 概述链表是真正动态的数据结构,最简单的动态数据结构,基本用于辅助组成其他数据结构。数据存储在“节点”(node)中优点:真正的动态,不需要处理固定容量的问题缺点:丧失了随机访问的能力1...

一、链表

1.1 概述

链表是真正动态的数据结构,最简单的动态数据结构,基本用于辅助组成其他数据结构。

数据存储在“节点”(node)中

Java数据结构之链表相关知识总结

优点:真正的动态,不需要处理固定容量的问题
缺点:丧失了随机访问的能力

1.2 链表使用的基本功能

定义node节点

private class node{
        public e e;
        public node next;

        public node(e e, node next){
            this.e = e;
            this.next = next;
        }

        public node(e e){
            this(e, null);
        }

        public node(){
            this(null,null);
        }

        @override
        public string tostring() {
            return e.tostring();
        }
    }

向链表中添加元素

Java数据结构之链表相关知识总结

具体代码实现:

 //向链表中间添加元素
    //在链表的index(0-based)位置添加新的元素e
    public void add(int index, e e){
        if(index < 0 || index > size)
            throw new illegalargumentexception("add failed.illeagl failed.");
        node prev = dummyhead;
        for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
            prev = prev.next;
        }
//            node node = new node(e);
//            node.next = prev.next;
//            prev.next = node;

        prev.next = new node(e, prev.next);
        size++;
    }

向链表中删除元素

Java数据结构之链表相关知识总结

具体代码实现:

//链表中删除index(0-based)位置的元素,返回删除的元素
    public e remove(int index){
        if(index < 0 || index >= size)
            throw new illegalargumentexception("remove failed.illeagl failed.");
        node pre = dummyhead;
        for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
            pre = pre.next;
        }
        node retnode = pre.next;
        pre.next = retnode.next;
        retnode.next = null;
        size--;

        return retnode.e;
    }

链表功能的实现及测试类

public class linkedlist<e> {
    private class node{
        public e e;
        public node next;

        public node(e e, node next){
            this.e = e;
            this.next = next;
        }

        public node(e e){
            this(e, null);
        }

        public node(){
            this(null,null);
        }

        @override
        public string tostring() {
            return e.tostring();
        }
    }

    private node dummyhead;
    private int size;

    public linkedlist(){
        dummyhead = new node(null, null);
        size = 0;
    }

    //获取链表中的元素个数
    public int getsize(){
        return size;
    }

    //返回链表是否为空
    public boolean isempty(){
        return size == 0;
    }

    //向链表头添加元素
    public void addfirst(e e){
//        node node = new node(e);
//        node.next = head;
//        head = node;

        add(0, e);
    }

    //向链表中间添加元素
    //在链表的index(0-based)位置添加新的元素e
    public void add(int index, e e){
        if(index < 0 || index > size)
            throw new illegalargumentexception("add failed.illeagl failed.");
        node prev = dummyhead;
        for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
            prev = prev.next;
        }
//            node node = new node(e);
//            node.next = prev.next;
//            prev.next = node;

        prev.next = new node(e, prev.next);
        size++;
    }

    //在链表的末尾添加新的元素e
    public void addlast(e e){
        add(size, e);
    }

    //获得链表的第index(0-based)个位置的元素
    //在链表中不是一个常用的操作
    public e get(int index){
        if(index < 0 || index > size)
            throw new illegalargumentexception("add failed.illeagl failed.");
        node cur = dummyhead.next;
        for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        return cur.e;
    }

    //获得链表的第一个元素
    public e getfirst(){
        return get(0);
    }

    //获得链表的最后一个元素
    public e getlast(){
        return get(size - 1);
    }

    //修改链表的第index(0-based)个位置的元素
    //在链表中不是一个常用的操作
    public void set(int index, e e){
        if(index < 0 || index > size)
            throw new illegalargumentexception("add failed.illeagl failed.");
        node cur = dummyhead.next;
        for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        cur.e = e;
    }

    //查找链表中是否有元素e
    public boolean contains(e e){
        node cur = dummyhead.next;
        while(cur != null){
            if(cur.e.equals(e)){
                return true;
            }
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        return false;
    }

    //链表中删除index(0-based)位置的元素,返回删除的元素
    public e remove(int index){
        if(index < 0 || index >= size)
            throw new illegalargumentexception("remove failed.illeagl failed.");
        node pre = dummyhead;
        for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
            pre = pre.next;
        }
        node retnode = pre.next;
        pre.next = retnode.next;
        retnode.next = null;
        size--;

        return retnode.e;
    }

    //从链表中删除第一个元素
    public e removefirst(){
        return remove(0);
    }

    //从链表中删除最后一个元素
    public e removelast(){
        return remove(size - 1);
    }
    @override
    public string tostring() {
        stringbuilder res = new stringbuilder();

//        node cur = dummyhead.next;
//        while (cur != null){
//            res.append(cur + "->");
//            cur = cur.next;
//        }

        for (node cur = dummyhead.next; cur != null; cur = cur.next){
            res.append(cur + "->");
        }
        res.append("null");
        return res.tostring();
    }
    public static void main(string[] args) {
        linkedlist<integer> linkedlist = new linkedlist<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            linkedlist.addfirst(i);
            system.out.println(linkedlist);
        }

        linkedlist.add(2, 666);
        system.out.println(linkedlist);


        linkedlist.remove(2);
        system.out.println(linkedlist);

        linkedlist.removefirst();
        system.out.println(linkedlist);

        linkedlist.removelast();
        system.out.println(linkedlist);
    }
}

二、链表实现栈操作

使用第二章中的栈接口,创建第一节中的链表实现对象,实现栈的操作,具体如下:

public class linkedliststack<e> implements stack<e> {
    private linkedlist<e> list;
    public linkedliststack(){
        list = new linkedlist<>();
    }

    @override
    public int getsize() {
        return list.getsize();
    }

    @override
    public boolean isempty() {
        return list.isempty();
    }

    @override
    public void push(e value) {
        list.addfirst(value);
    }

    @override
    public e pop() {
        return list.removefirst();
    }

    @override
    public e peek() {
        return list.getfirst();
    }

    @override
    public string tostring() {
        stringbuilder res = new stringbuilder();
        res.append("stack : top");
        res.append(list);
        return res.tostring();
    }

    public static void main(string[] args) {
        linkedliststack<integer> stack = new linkedliststack<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            stack.push(i);
            system.out.println(stack);
        }

        stack.pop();
        system.out.println(stack);
    }
}

三、链表实现队列操作

使用第二章中的队列接口,创建无头节点的链表实现队列操作,具体如下:

public class linkedlistqueue<e> implements queue<e> {
    private class node{
        public e e;
        public linkedlistqueue.node next;

        public node(e e, linkedlistqueue.node next){
            this.e = e;
            this.next = next;
        }

        public node(e e){
            this(e, null);
        }

        public node(){
            this(null,null);
        }

        @override
        public string tostring() {
            return e.tostring();
        }
    }

    private node head,tail;
    private int size;
    public linkedlistqueue(){
        head = null;
        tail = null;
        size = 0;
    }

    @override
    public int getsize() {
        return size;
    }

    @override
    public boolean isempty() {
        return size == 0;
    }

    @override
    public void enqueue(e e) {
        if(tail == null){
            tail = new node(e);
            head = tail;
        }else{
            tail.next = new node(e);
            tail = tail.next;
        }
        size++;
    }

    @override
    public e dequeue() {
        if (isempty())
            throw new illegalargumentexception("cannot dequeue form any empty queue.");
        node retnode = head;
        head = head.next;
        retnode.next = null;
        if (head == null)
            tail = null;
        return retnode.e;
    }

    @override
    public e getfront() {
        if (isempty())
            throw new illegalargumentexception("cannot getfront form any empty queue.");
        return head.e;
    }

    @override
    public string tostring() {
        stringbuilder res = new stringbuilder();
        res.append("queue : front ");

        node cur = head;
        while (cur != null){
            res.append(cur + "->");
            cur = cur.next;
        }

        res.append("null tail");
        return res.tostring();
    }

    public static void main(string[] args) {
        linkedlistqueue<integer> queue = new linkedlistqueue<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            queue.enqueue(i);
            system.out.println(queue);

            if(i % 3 == 2){
                queue.dequeue();
                system.out.println(queue);
            }
        }

    }
}

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