分享一个基于Ace的Markdown编辑器

我认为的编辑器分成两类，一种是分为左右两边实现即时渲染；一种是先写语法，然后通过按钮实现渲染。

其实即时渲染也不难，共同需要考虑的问题就是xss，因为渲染库能自定义第三方的xss过滤（之前是通过设置来实现，也就是本身自带，不过在某个版本后被取消了），所以xss就用官方推荐的dompurify。即时渲染可以通过编辑器本身api实现文本变动监听来实现，还有一个需要考虑的问题就是代码与渲染区域的对应。但因为这与我的需求相悖，在这里就不介绍了，相信小老板们都能轻松实现

统一惯例，我们来看看效果图

上面的工具栏其实就是添加事件然后往光标插入对应的语句而已，emoji暂时没有实现，貌似需要第三方库支持。

整体来说并没有难点，只不过对于这些东西来说，要么是文档分散讲得不清楚，要么就是找不到什么文档。要是真没有文档的话，或者官方简陋的文档，你可能真的想问候一下他，哈哈哈。这个时候一个能用的代码就显得尤为重要，尽管它可能没什么注释，但相信聪明的你肯定能理解其中的意思。话不多说，上代码吧~

<template>
  <div>
    <div class="section-ace">
      <el-row>
        <el-col :span="6">
          <el-row>
            <el-col :span="12">
              <a class="editor-tab-content" :class="iseditactive"  @click="showedit">
                <i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                编辑
              </a>
            </el-col>
            <el-col :span="12">
              <a class="preview-tab-content" :class="ispreviewactive" @click="showpreview">
                <i class="fa fa-eye" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                预览
              </a>
            </el-col>
          </el-row>
        </el-col>
        <el-col :push="8" :span="18">
          <el-row>
            <div class="toolbar">
              <el-col :span="1">
                <div>
                  <i @click="insertboldcode" class="fa fa-bold" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                </div>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="1">
                <div>
                  <i @click="insertitaliccode" class="fa fa-italic" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                </div>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="1">
                <div>
                  <i @click="insertminuscode" class="fa fa-minus" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                </div>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="1">
                <el-popover placement="bottom"
                            width="125"
                            transition="fade-in-linear"
                            trigger="click"
                            content="">
                  <i slot="reference" class="fa fa-header" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                  <div>
                    <div class="header1-btn" :class="isheader1active" @click="insertheader1code">
                      标题 1 (ctrl+alt+1)
                    </div>
                    <div class="header2-btn" :class="isheader2active" @click="insertheader2code">
                      标题 2 (ctrl+alt+2)
                    </div>
                    <div class="header3-btn" :class="isheader3active" @click="insertheader3code">
                      标题 3 (ctrl+alt+3)
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </el-popover>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="1">
                <el-popover placement="bottom"
                            width="125"
                            transition="fade-in-linear"
                            trigger="click"
                            content="">
                  <i slot="reference" class="fa fa-code" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                  <div>
                    <div class="text-btn" :class="istextactive" @click="inserttext">
                      文本 (ctrl+alt+p)
                    </div>
                    <div class="code-btn" :class="iscodeactive" @click="insertcode">
                      代码 (ctrl+alt+c)
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </el-popover>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="1">
                <div>
                  <i @click="insertquotecode" class="fa fa-quote-left" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                </div>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="1">
                <div>
                  <i @click="insertulcode" class="fa fa-list-ul" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                </div>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="1">
                <div>
                  <i @click="insertolcode" class="fa fa-list-ol" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                </div>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="1">
                <div>
                  <i @click="insertlinkcode" class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                </div>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="1">
                <div>
                  <i @click="insertimgcode" class="fa fa-picture-o" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                </div>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="1">
                <div>
                  <el-upload
                    class="upload-demo"
                    action="https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/"
                    :limit="1">
                    <i class="fa fa-cloud-upload" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                  </el-upload>
                </div>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="1">
                <div>
                  <i @click="selectemoji" class="fa fa-smile-o" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                </div>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="1">
                <div>
                  <i @click="togglemaximize" class="fa fa-arrows-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                </div>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="1">
                <i @click="togglehelp" class="fa fa-question-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                <el-dialog :visible.sync="dialoghelpvisible"
                           :show-close="false"
                           top="5vh"
                           width="60%"
                           :append-to-body="true"
                           :close-on-press-escape="true">
                  <el-card class="box-card" style="margin: -60px -20px -30px -20px">
                    <div slot="header" class="helpheader">
                      <i class="fa fa-question-circle" aria-hidden="true"><span>markdown guide</span></i>
                    </div>
                    <p>this site is powered by markdown. for full documentation,
                      <a href="http://commonmark.org/help/" rel="external nofollow"  target="_blank">click here</a>
                    </p>
                    <el-table
                      :data="tabledata"
                      stripe
                      border
                      :highlight-current-row="true"
                      style="width: 100%">
                      <el-table-column
                        prop="code"
                        label="code"
                        width="150">
                        <template slot-scope="scope">
                          <p v-html='scope.row.code'></p>
                        </template>
                      </el-table-column>
                      <el-table-column
                        prop="or"
                        label="or"
                        width="180">
                        <template slot-scope="scope">
                          <p v-html='scope.row.or'></p>
                        </template>
                      </el-table-column>
                      <el-table-column
                        prop="devices"
                        label="linux/windows">
                      </el-table-column>
                      <el-table-column
                        prop="device"
                        label="mac os"
                        width="180">
                      </el-table-column>
                      <el-table-column
                        prop="showoff"
                        label="... to get"
                      width="200">
                        <template slot-scope="scope">
                          <p v-html='scope.row.showoff'></p>
                        </template>
                      </el-table-column>
                    </el-table>
                  </el-card>
                </el-dialog>
              </el-col>
            </div>
          </el-row>
        </el-col>
      </el-row>
    </div>
    <br>
    <div id="container">
      <div class="show-panel">
        <div ref="markdown" class="ace" v-show="!isshowpreview"></div>
        <div class="panel-preview" ref="preview" v-show="isshowpreview"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import ace from 'ace-builds'
// 在 webpack 环境中使用必须要导入
import 'ace-builds/webpack-resolver';
import marked  from 'marked'
import highlight from "highlight.js";
import "highlight.js/styles/foundation.css";
import katex from 'katex'
import 'katex/dist/katex.css'
import dompurify from 'dompurify';

const renderer = new marked.renderer();
function tohtml(text){
  let temp = document.createelement("div");
  temp.innerhtml = text;
  let output = temp.innertext || temp.textcontent;
  temp = null;
  return output;
}

function mathsexpression(expr) {
  if (expr.match(/^\$\$[\s\s]*\$\$$/)) {
    expr = expr.substr(2, expr.length - 4);
    return katex.rendertostring(expr, { displaymode: true });
  } else if (expr.match(/^\$[\s\s]*\$$/)) {
    expr = tohtml(expr); // temp solution
    expr = expr.substr(1, expr.length - 2);
    //does that mean your text is getting dynamically added to the page? if so, someone must be calling katex to render
    // it, and that call needs to have the strict flag set to false as well. 即控制台警告，比如%为转义或者中文
    // link: https://katex.org/docs/options.html
    return katex.rendertostring(expr, { displaymode: false , strict: false});
  }
}

const unchanged = new marked.renderer()
renderer.code = function(code, language, escaped) {
  console.log(language);
  const ismarkup = ['c++', 'cpp', 'golang', 'java', 'js', 'javascript', 'python'].includes(language);
  let hled = '';
  if (ismarkup) {
    const math = mathsexpression(code);
    if (math) {
      return math;
    } else {
      console.log("highlight");
      hled = highlight.highlight(language, code).value;
    }
  } else {
    console.log("highlightauto");
    hled = highlight.highlightauto(code).value;
  }
  return `<pre class="hljs ${language}"><code class="${language}">${hled}</code></pre>`;
  // return unchanged.code(code, language, escaped);
};
renderer.codespan = function(text) {
  const math = mathsexpression(text);
  if (math) {
    return math;
  }
  return unchanged.codespan(text);
};

export default {
  name: "abc",
  props: {
    value: {
      type: string,
      required: true
    }
  },
  data() {
    return {
      tabledata: [{
        code: ':emoji_name:',
        or: '—',
        devices: '—',
        device: '—',
        showoff: '????'
      },{
        code: '*italic*',
        or: '_italic_',
        devices: 'ctrl+i',
        device: 'command+i',
        showoff: '<em>italic</em>'
      },{
        code: '**bold**',
        or: '__bold__',
        devices: 'ctrl+b',
        device: 'command+b',
        showoff: '<em>bold</em>'
      },{
        code: '++underscores++',
        or: '—',
        devices: 'shift+u',
        device: 'option+u',
        showoff: '<ins>underscores</ins>'
      },{
        code: '~~strikethrough~~',
        or: '—',
        devices: 'shift+s',
        device: 'option+s',
        showoff: '<del>strikethrough</del>'
      },{
        code: '# heading 1',
        or: 'heading 1<br>=========',
        devices: 'ctrl+alt+1',
        device: 'command+option+1',
        showoff: '<h1>heading 1</h1>'
      },{
        code: '## heading 2',
        or: 'heading 2<br>-----------',
        devices: 'ctrl+alt+2',
        device: 'command+option+2',
        showoff: '<h2>heading 1</h2>'
      },{
        code: '[link](https://a.com)',
        or: '[link][1]<br>⁝<br>[1]: https://b.org',
        devices: 'ctrl+l',
        device: 'command+l',
        showoff: '<a href="https://commonmark.org/" rel="external nofollow" >link</a>'
      },{
        code: '![image](http://url/a.png)',
        or: '![image][1]<br>⁝<br>[1]: http://url/b.jpg',
        devices: 'ctrl+shift+i',
        device: 'command+option+i',
        showoff: '<img src="https://cdn.acwing.com/static/plugins/images/commonmark.png" width="36" height="36" alt="markdown">'
      },{
        code: '> blockquote',
        or: '—',
        devices: 'ctrl+q',
        device: 'command+q',
        showoff: '<blockquote><p>blockquote</p></blockquote>'
      },{
        code: 'a paragraph.<br><br>a paragraph after 1 blank line.',
        or: '—',
        devices: '—',
        device: '—',
        showoff: '<p>a paragraph.</p><p>a paragraph after 1 blank line.</p>'
      },{
        code: '<p>* list<br> * list<br> * list</p>',
        or: '<p> - list<br> - list<br> - list<br></p>',
        devices: 'ctrl+u',
        device: 'command+u',
        showoff: '<ul><li>list</li><li>list</li><li>list</li></ul>'
      },{
        code: '<p> 1. one<br> 2. two<br> 3. three</p>',
        or: '<p> 1) one<br> 2) two<br> 3) three</p>',
        devices: 'ctrl+shift+o',
        device: 'command+option+o',
        showoff: '<ol><li>one</li><li>two</li><li>three</li></ol>'
      },{
        code: 'horizontal rule<br><br>-----------',
        or: 'horizontal rule<br><br>***********',
        devices: 'ctrl+h',
        device: 'command+h',
        showoff: 'horizontal rule<hr>'
      },{
        code: '`inline code` with backticks',
        or: '—',
        devices: 'ctrl+alt+c',
        device: 'command+option+c',
        showoff: '<code>inline code</code>with backticks'
      },{
        code: '```<br> def whatever(foo):<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;return foo<br>```',
        or: '<b>with tab / 4 spaces</b><br>....def whatever(foo):<br>....&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;return foo',
        devices: 'ctrl+alt+p',
        device: 'command+option+p',
        showoff: '<pre class="hljs"><code class=""><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span>' +
          '<span class="hljs-title">whatever</span><span class="hljs-params">(foo)</span></span>:\n' +
          '    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> foo</code></pre>'
      }],
      dialoghelpvisible: false,
      istextactive: '',
      iscodeactive: '',
      isheader1active: '',
      isheader2active: '',
      isheader3active: '',
      isshowpreview: false,
      iseditactive: "active",
      ispreviewactive: "",
      aceeditor: null,
      themepath: 'ace/theme/crimson_editor', // 不导入 webpack-resolver，该模块路径会报错
      modepath: 'ace/mode/markdown', // 同上
      codevalue: this.value || '',
    };
  },
  methods: {
    insertboldcode() {
      this.aceeditor.insert("****");
      let cursorposition = this.aceeditor.getcursorposition();
      this.aceeditor.movecursorto(cursorposition.row, cursorposition.column - 2);
    },
    insertitaliccode() {
      this.aceeditor.insert("__");
      let cursorposition = this.aceeditor.getcursorposition();
      this.aceeditor.movecursorto(cursorposition.row, cursorposition.column - 1);
    },
    insertminuscode() {
      let cursorposition = this.aceeditor.getcursorposition();
      this.aceeditor.insert("\n\n");
      this.aceeditor.insert("----------");
      this.aceeditor.insert("\n\n");
      this.aceeditor.gotoline(cursorposition.row + 5, cursorposition.column,true);
    },
    insertheader1code() {
      this.isheader2active = this.isheader3active = '';
      this.isheader1active = 'active';
      this.aceeditor.insert("\n\n");
      this.aceeditor.insert("#");
    },
    insertheader2code() {
      this.isheader1active = this.isheader3active = '';
      this.isheader2active = 'active';
      this.aceeditor.insert("\n\n");
      this.aceeditor.insert("##");
    },
    insertheader3code() {
      this.isheader1active = this.isheader2active = '';
      this.isheader3active = 'active';
      this.aceeditor.insert("\n\n");
      this.aceeditor.insert("###");
    },
    inserttext() {
      let cursorposition = this.aceeditor.getcursorposition();
      this.iscodeactive = '';
      this.istextactive = 'active';
      this.aceeditor.insert("```\n\n```");
      this.aceeditor.gotoline(cursorposition.row + 2, cursorposition.column,true);
    },
    insertcode() {
      let cursorposition = this.aceeditor.getcursorposition();
      this.istextactive = '';
      this.iscodeactive = 'active';
      this.aceeditor.insert("``");
      this.aceeditor.movecursorto(cursorposition.row, cursorposition.column + 1);
    },
    insertquotecode() {
      this.aceeditor.insert("\n>");
      let cursorposition = this.aceeditor.getcursorposition();
      this.aceeditor.movecursorto(cursorposition.row, cursorposition.column + 1);
    },
    insertulcode() {
      this.aceeditor.insert("\n*");
      let cursorposition = this.aceeditor.getcursorposition();
      this.aceeditor.movecursorto(cursorposition.row, cursorposition.column + 1);
    },
    insertolcode() {
      this.aceeditor.insert("\n1.");
      let cursorposition = this.aceeditor.getcursorposition();
      this.aceeditor.movecursorto(cursorposition.row, cursorposition.column + 1);
    },
    insertlinkcode() {
      this.aceeditor.insert("[]()");
      let cursorposition = this.aceeditor.getcursorposition();
      this.aceeditor.movecursorto(cursorposition.row, cursorposition.column - 3);
    },
    insertimgcode() {
      this.aceeditor.insert("![]()");
      let cursorposition = this.aceeditor.getcursorposition();
      this.aceeditor.movecursorto(cursorposition.row, cursorposition.column - 3);
    },
    uploadimg() {
      this.aceeditor.insert("![]()");
    },
    selectemoji() {
      this.aceeditor.insert("****");
    },
    togglemaximize() {
      this.aceeditor.insert("****");
    },
    togglehelp() {
      this.dialoghelpvisible = !this.dialoghelpvisible;
    },
    showedit() {
      this.$refs.preview.innerhtml = '';
      this.iseditactive = 'active';
      this.ispreviewactive = '';
      this.isshowpreview = false;
    },
    showpreview() {
      this.show();
      this.iseditactive = '';
      this.ispreviewactive = 'active';
      this.isshowpreview = true;
    },
    show(data) {
      let value = this.aceeditor.session.getvalue();
      this.$refs.preview.innerhtml = dompurify.sanitize(marked(value));
      console.log(dompurify.sanitize(marked(value)));
    },
  },
  mounted() {
    this.aceeditor = ace.edit(this.$refs.markdown,{
      selectionstyle: 'line', //选中样式
      maxlines: 1000, // 最大行数，超过会自动出现滚动条
      minlines: 22, // 最小行数，还未到最大行数时，编辑器会自动伸缩大小
      fontsize: 14, // 编辑器内字体大小
      theme: this.themepath, // 默认设置的主题
      mode: this.modepath, // 默认设置的语言模式
      tabsize: 4, // 制表符设置为 4 个空格大小
      readonly: false, //只读
      wrap: true,
      highlightactiveline: true,
      value: this.codevalue
    });
    marked.setoptions({
      renderer: renderer,
      // highlight: function (code) {
      //   return highlight.highlightauto(code).value;
      // },
      gfm: true,//默认为true。 允许 git hub标准的markdown.
      tables: true,//默认为true。 允许支持表格语法。该选项要求 gfm 为true。
      breaks: false,//默认为false。 允许回车换行。该选项要求 gfm 为true。
      pedantic: false,//默认为false。 尽可能地兼容 markdown.pl的晦涩部分。不纠正原始模型任何的不良行为和错误。
      // sanitize: false,//对输出进行过滤（清理） 不支持了，用sanitizer 或者直接渲染的时候过滤
      xhtml: true, // if true, emit self-closing html tags for void elements (<br/>, <img/>, etc.) with a "/" as required by xhtml.
      silent: true, //if true, the parser does not throw any exception.
      smartlists: true,
      smartypants: false//使用更为时髦的标点，比如在引用语法中加入破折号。
    });
    // this.aceeditor.session.on('change', this.show);
    // let that = this;
    // this.aceeditor.commands.addcommand({
    //   name: '复制',
    //   bindkey: {win: 'ctrl-c',  mac: 'command-m'},
    //   exec: function(editor) {
    //     that.$message.success("复制成功");
    //   }
    // });
    // this.aceeditor.commands.addcommand({
    //   name: '粘贴',
    //   bindkey: {win: 'ctrl-v',  mac: 'command-m'},
    //   exec: function(editor) {
    //     that.$message.success("粘贴成功");
    //   }
    // });
  },
  watch: {
    value(newval) {
      console.log(newval);
      this.aceeditor.setvalue(newval);
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style scoped lang="scss">
.toolbar {
  cursor: pointer;//鼠标手型
}
.show-panel {
  padding: 5px;
  border: 1px solid lightgray;
  .ace {
    position: relative !important;
    border-top: 1px solid lightgray;
    display: block;
    margin: auto;
    height: auto;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .panel-preview {
    padding: 1rem;
    margin: 0 0 0 0;
    width: auto;
    background-color: white;
  }
}

.editor-tab-content, .preview-tab-content, .header1-btn, .header2-btn, .header3-btn, .text-btn, .code-btn{
  border-bottom-color: transparent;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: .85714286em 1.14285714em 1.29999714em 1.14285714em;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  transition: color .1s ease;
  cursor: pointer;//鼠标手型
}

.header1-btn, .header2-btn, .header3-btn, .code-btn, .text-btn {
  font-size: 5px;
  padding: .78571429em 1.14285714em!important;
}

.active {
  background-color: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
  border-color: #1b1c1d;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: rgba(0,0,0,.95);
}

.header1-btn:hover, .header2-btn:hover, .header3-btn:hover, .text-btn:hover, .code-btn:hover {
  cursor: pointer;//鼠标手型
  background: rgba(0,0,0,.05)!important;
  color: rgba(0,0,0,.95)!important;
}

.helpheader {
  font-size: 1.228571rem;
  line-height: 1.2857em;
  font-weight: 700;
  border-top-left-radius: .28571429rem;
  border-top-right-radius: .28571429rem;
  display: block;
  font-family: lato,'helvetica neue',arial,helvetica,sans-serif;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: none;
  color: rgba(0,0,0,.85);
}
</style>

这次的代码同样需要在引用时绑定value，也就是编辑框里的内容

<markdowneditor v-bind:value="''"></markdowneditor>

哦，对了，忘记讲一些东西了。关于代码块高亮以及latex渲染的问题。

高亮使用的是highlight.js，marked是支持这个库的，直接使用就行，它能自动识别语言，要是不想调用那个函数，你也可以自行判断用户会使用到的语言。主题的使用，需要引用包下style对应的css。还有一个最重要的就是渲染的标签必须要有class为hljs的属性，不然你只能看到代码是高亮的。至于class属性怎么添加，如果你没有letax需求，那么只需要在渲染的时候套一层标签，它的class属性是这个即可。

剩下的就是latex了，因为marked本身是不支持latex的，但是它支持重写render函数，通过这一方法来实现对latex的支持，在这里我使用的是katex，感兴趣的小老板可以试试mathjax。不过有一个不太好的地方就是数学公式需要被代码块包住，即$a * b$。不过这都不是大问题，能好好渲染才是王道。

好了，本次的分享就到此为止吧，see you again~

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