LAMP环境如何搭建？LAMP环境搭建的详细过程

程序员文章站 2022-03-26 19:33:24

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这篇文章给大家介绍的内容是关于LAMP环境搭建的详细过程，有一定的参考价值，有需要的朋友可以参考一下，希望对你有所帮助。

最开始最小化安装好CentOS 7之后，直接输入 ifconfig 命令，提示 "ifconfig command not found" ，说明最小化安装没有安装相关软件，我们可以用 ip addr 代替 ifconfig 来查看网卡详情，或者我们可以通过 yum install net-tools 来安装回 ifconfig 命令，在安装过程中输入两次y，即可完成安装。

一、Apache

yum install httpd //安装Apache

Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 10 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]:  //输入y，确认安装

Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
 Userid     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
 Package    : centos-release-7-5.1804.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Is this ok [y/N]:  //验证GPG密钥是否正确，输入y

Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64                                                            1/5 
  Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64                                                           2/5 
  Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1.x86_64                                              3/5 
  Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch                                                           4/5 
  Installing : httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1.x86_64                                                    5/5 
  Verifying  : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch                                                           1/5 
  Verifying  : httpd-tools-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1.x86_64                                              2/5 
  Verifying  : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64                                                           3/5 
  Verifying  : apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64                                                            4/5 
  Verifying  : httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1.x86_64                                                    5/5 

Installed:
  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1                                                                   

Dependency Installed:
  apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1  apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1
  mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7

Complete!

开启Apache服务，并设置系统启动时服务自动启动：
systemctl start httpd.service
systemctl enable httpd.service

为了能够从外部访问Web服务器，必须在防火墙中打开HTTP（80）和HTTPS（443）端口。CentOS上的默认防火墙是firewalld，可以使用firewalld-cmd命令进行配置。
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone = public --add-service = http
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone = public --add-service = https
firewall-cmd --reload //重启firewalld

检测Apache服务是否打开：
systemctl status httpd.service

● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2018-08-06 20:14:21 CST; 9s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 1498 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─1498 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1499 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1500 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1501 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1502 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─1503 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Aug 06 20:14:21 localhost systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 06 20:14:21 localhost httpd[1498]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's f...sage
Aug 06 20:14:21 localhost systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

再用浏览器输入服务器的IP地址：

LAMP环境如何搭建？LAMP环境搭建的详细过程

看到如图所示界面表示安装成功。

二、MySQL/MariaDB

MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可。

开发这个分支的原因之一是：甲骨文公司收购了MySQL后，有将MySQL闭源的潜在风险，因此社区采用分支的方式来避开这个风险。

MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，是目前最受关注的MySQL数据库衍生版，也被视为开源数据库MySQL的替代品。

这里我们用MariaDB代替MySQL，MySQL安装及操作方法大体类似。
安装时，把mariadb换成mysql；
启动、停止服务、查看状态，把mariadb.service换成mysql.service。

yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb //安装MariaDB

Installed:
  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7                   mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7                  

Dependency Installed:
  perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-292.el7                        perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7                   
  perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7        perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7       
  perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7                 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7                     
  perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7               perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7                   
  perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7                   perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7                
  perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7               perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7                   
  perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7                perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7               
  perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7               perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7               
  perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7                  perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7                 
  perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-292.el7              perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7              
  perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7                 perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7                
  perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7        perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-4.el7                  
  perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7                   perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7          
  perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7               perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7             
  perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7                   perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-292.el7                 
  perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-292.el7                 perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7                
  perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7                 perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7                  
  perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7            

Complete!

开启MariaDB服务，并设置系统启动时服务自动启动：
systemctl start mariadb.service
systemctl enable mariadb.service

设置MySQL root帐户的密码：
mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): //输入当前root用户密码，直接回车

OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n]
New password: //输入密码
Re-enter new password: //确认密码
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] //删除匿名用户，回车
... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] //不允许root用户远程登录，回车
... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] //删除测试数据库并访问它，回车
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] //重新加载权限表，回车
... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

三、PHP

yum install php //安装php

Total download size: 4.7 M
Installed size: 17 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]:   //允许安装，输入y
Downloading packages:
(1/4): libzip-0.10.1-8.el7.x86_64.rpm                                             |  48 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): php-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64.rpm                                               | 1.4 MB  00:00:01     
(3/4): php-common-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64.rpm                                        | 565 kB  00:00:01     
(4/4): php-cli-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64.rpm                                           | 2.7 MB  00:00:02     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                    2.1 MB/s | 4.7 MB  00:00:02     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : libzip-0.10.1-8.el7.x86_64                                                            1/4 
  Installing : php-common-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64                                                       2/4 
  Installing : php-cli-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64                                                          3/4 
  Installing : php-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64                                                              4/4 
  Verifying  : php-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64                                                              1/4 
  Verifying  : php-cli-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64                                                          2/4 
  Verifying  : libzip-0.10.1-8.el7.x86_64                                                            3/4 
  Verifying  : php-common-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64                                                       4/4 

Installed:
  php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7                                                                             

Dependency Installed:
  libzip.x86_64 0:0.10.1-8.el7    php-cli.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7    php-common.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7   

Complete!

为了使数据库和php关联，我们还需要安装php-mysql：
yum install php-mysql //安装过程输入y，即可安装完成

systemctl restart httpd.service //安装好php后，要重启Apache服务

测试php有没有安装好：
vi /var/www/html/index.php //新建一个php文件，填入下面的内容

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

在之前URL后加上/info.php，看到以下界面，就说明安装成功了。

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