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MySQL增删改查及备份恢复

程序员文章站 2022-03-26 10:25:41
mysql数据库的增删改查数据库备份及恢复...

数据库创建及增删改查
创建数据库:
mysql> create database abc;
连接数据库:
mysql> use abc;
创建表:
mysql> create table biao1 (id int,name char(10));
插入数据:
mysql> insert into biao1 (id,name) values (1,‘z1’);
mysql> insert into biao1 (id,name) values (2,‘z2’);
查看数据:
mysql> select * from biao1;
修改数据:
mysql> update biao1 set name=‘zzz’ where id=2;
删除数据:
mysql> delete from biao1 where id=2;
删除表:
mysql> drop table biao1;
删除数据库:
mysql> drop database abc;
显示mysql信息:
mysql> status;
退出mysql:
mysql> exit;
查看数据库名:
mysql> show databases;
查看表名:
mysql> show tables;

数据库冷备份与恢复:
数据库冷备份:
#mkdir /backup

/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

#tar -zcf /backup/mysql_all-$(date +%F).tar.gz /usr/local/mysql/data/

ll /backup

模拟数据库损坏
mkdir /bak
mv /usr/local/mysql/data/ /bak/
/etc/init.d/mysqld start→报错
mysql -u root -p→无法登陆
恢复冷备份数据:

cd /bak/

tar zxf /backup/mysql_all-2020-11-24.tar.gz -C /bak/

mv /bak/usr/local/mysql/data/ /usr/local/mysql

/etc/init.d/mysqld start(成功)

mysqldump备份与恢复:
mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 密码 选项 数据库名 表名 > /备份路径/备份文件名
常见选项:–all-databases、–opt
备份:
备份数据表

mysqldump -u root -p123.com abc biao1 > /bak/abc.biao1.sql 将abc库中的表1备份到/bak下,起名为abc.biao1.sql

备份数据库

mysqldump -u root -p123.com --database abc > /bak/abc.sql 将abc库备份到/bak下

备份所有库

mysqldump -u root -p123.com --all-databases > /bak/all.sql 将所有库备份到/bak下

查看备份文件内容:

grep -v “^–” /bak/abc.sql | grep -v “^/” | grep -v “^$”

模拟故障:
drop database abc 删除库
恢复:
mysql -u 用户名 -p 密码 选项 数据库名 < /备份路径/备份文件名

mysql -u root -p123.com < /bak/abc.sql 将abc库备份从/bak中恢复

mysql -u root -p123.com -e “show databases; ” 查看库

增量备份
开启二进制日志
vim /etc/my.cnf
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-bin 日志文件储存位置
重启数据库
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
查看二进制日志文件
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /usr/local/mysql/mysql-bin.000001
创建库abc和表biao1
mysql> create database abc
mysql> use abc
mysql> create table biao1(id char(10) not null,name char(20) not null)
mysql> insert into biao1 values(‘1’,‘z1’);
mysql> insert into biao1 values(‘2’,‘z2’);
mysql> select * from biao1;
±—±-----+
| 1 | z1 |
| 2 | z2 |
±—±-----+
先进行一次完整备份:
#mkdir /bak

mysqldump -u root -p123.com abc biao1 > /bak/abc.biao1.sql

生成新的二进制文件(刷新):

mysqladmin -u root -p123.com flush-logs

在添加用户做增量备份:
mysql> use abc;
mysql> insert into biao1 values(‘3’,‘z3’);
mysql> insert into biao1 values(‘4’,‘z4’);
mysql> select * from biao1;
±—±-----+
| id | name |
±—±-----+
| 1 | z1 |
| 2 | z2 |
| 3 | z3 |
| 4 | z4 |
±—±-----+
刷新,同步:

mysqladmin -u root -p123.com flush-logs

#ll /usr/local/mysql
#cp /usr/local/mysql/mysql-bin.000002 /bak
模拟误删除:

mysql -u root -p123.com -e ‘drop table abc.biao1;’

mysql -u root -p123.com -e ‘select * from abc.biao1;’

恢复(完整→增量):

mysql -u root -p123.com abc < /bak/abc.biao1.sql

mysql -u root -p123.com -e ‘select * from abc.biao1;’

±—±-----+
| 1 | z1 |
| 2 | z2 |
±—±-----+
恢复缺少部分:

mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /bak/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -u root -p123.com

mysql -u root -p123.com -e ‘select * from abc.biao1;’

±—±-----+
| id | name |
±—±-----+
| 1 | z1 |
| 2 | z2 |
| 3 | z3 |
| 4 | z4 |
±—±-----+

基于位置恢复
模拟误删除(只能删除表内容,不能删除表或库)

mysql -u root -p123.com -e ‘delete from abc.biao1 where id=2;’ 删除id为2的内容

查看日志:

mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /usr/local/mysql/mysql-bin.000001

/!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1/;
/!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0/;
/!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0/;
DELIMITER /!/;

at 4

#201125 15:56:22 server id 1 end_log_pos 120 CRC32 0xbd3267d4 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.36-log created 201125 15:56:22 at startup
ROLLBACK/!/;
BINLOG ’
Jg6+Xw8BAAAAdAAAAHgAAAAAAAQANS42LjM2LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAmDr5fEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXAAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKGRkAAdRn
Mr0=
'/!/;

at 120

#201125 15:57:37 server id 1 end_log_pos 211 CRC32 0xa2b4f2e1 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1606291057/!/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=1/!/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/!/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=1075838976/!/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/!/;
/!\C utf8 //!/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/!/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/!/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/!/;
create database abc
/!/;

at 211

#201125 15:57:56 server id 1 end_log_pos 346 CRC32 0xc5886149 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use abc/!/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1606291076/!/;
create table biao1(id char(10) not null,name char(20) not null)
/!/;

at 346

#201125 15:58:09 server id 1 end_log_pos 423 CRC32 0x2c86d1f6 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1606291089/!/;
BEGIN
/!/;

at 423

#201125 15:58:09 server id 1 end_log_pos 529 CRC32 0x5dc5a878 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1606291089/!/;
insert into biao1 values(‘1’,‘z1’)
/!/;

at 529

#201125 15:58:09 server id 1 end_log_pos 560 CRC32 0x3e449cc5 Xid = 11
COMMIT/!/;

at 560

#201125 15:58:17 server id 1 end_log_pos 637 CRC32 0x44b947fc Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1606291097/!/;
BEGIN
/!/;

at 637

#201125 15:58:17 server id 1 end_log_pos 743 CRC32 0x847621a8 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1606291097/!/;
insert into biao1 values(‘2’,‘z2’)
/!/;

at 743

#201125 15:58:17 server id 1 end_log_pos 774 CRC32 0x788195d1 Xid = 12
COMMIT/!/;

at 774

#201125 15:59:04 server id 1 end_log_pos 821 CRC32 0x4a61157e Rotate to mysql-bin.000002 pos: 4
DELIMITER ;

End of log file

ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog /;
/
!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0/;

mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position=‘637’ /usr/local/mysql/mysql-bin.000001 | mysql -u root -p123.com从637位置开始恢复(帅博版日志文件里蓝色底面的是位置)

#mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-position=‘774’ /usr/local/mysql/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -u root -p123.com恢复到774位置停止(位置的选择:恢复的位置区域里要有遗失的内容,日置文件可见id=2在637区域里)
#mysql -u root -p123.com -e ‘select * from abc.biao1;’
±—±-----+
| id | name |
±—±-----+
| 1 | z1 |
| 3 | z3 |
| 4 | z4
| 2 | z2 |
| 3 | z3 |
| 4 | z4 |
±—±-----+
基于时间点
模拟误删除(只能删除表内容,不能删除表或库)

mysql -u root -p123.com -e ‘delete from abc.biao1 where id=2;’ 删除id为2的内容

#mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-datetime=‘2020-11-25 15:58:17’ /usr/local/mysql/mysql-bin.000001 | mysql -uroot -p123.com 从2020-11-25 15时58分17秒开始恢复(帅博版日志文件里绿底底面的是时间)
#mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-datetime=‘2020-11-25 15:59:04’ /usr/local/mysql/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123.com恢复到2020-11-25 15时59分04秒停止(时间的选择:恢复的时间区域里要有遗失的内容,日置文件可见id=2在2020-11-25 15时58分17秒区域里)
#mysql -u root -p123.com -e ‘select * from abc.biao1;’
±—±-----+
| id | name |
±—±-----+
| 1 | z1 |
| 3 | z3 |
| 4 | z4
| 2 | z2 |
| 3 | z3 |
| 4 | z4 |
±—±-----+

本文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/m0_50124375/article/details/110670373

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