python函数缺省值与引用学习笔记分享

代码如下:

import random, string
class C(object): pass
def dangerFunction(msg, l = [], b = {}, c = C()):
print msg, '-'*10
print l, b, c.__dict__
l.append(1)
b[random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase)] = ''
c.__dict__[random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase)] = ""
print l, b, c.__dict__
dangerFunction('1')
dangerFunction('2')
dangerFunction('3')
print '-'*20
def safeFunction(msg, l = None, b = None, c = None):
if not l: l = []
if not b: b = {}
if not c: c = C()
print msg, '-'*10
print l, b, c.__dict__
l.append(1)
b[random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase)] = ''
c.__dict__[random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase)] = ""
print l, b, c.__dict__
safeFunction('1')
safeFunction('2')
safeFunction('3')

运行结果：

代码如下:

1 ----------
[] {} {}
[1] {'q': ''} {'p': ''}
2 ----------
[1] {'q': ''} {'p': ''}
[1, 1] {'q': '', 'a': ''} {'p': '', 'g': ''}
3 ----------
[1, 1] {'q': '', 'a': ''} {'p': '', 'g': ''}
[1, 1, 1] {'q': '', 'a': '', 'w': ''} {'p': '', 'w': '', 'g': ''}
--------------------
1 ----------
[] {} {}
[1] {'k': ''} {'l': ''}
2 ----------
[] {} {}
[1] {'r': ''} {'c': ''}
3 ----------
[] {} {}
[1] {'q': ''} {'h': ''}

由dangerFunction打印出来的结果来看，缺省值为 [], (), class
再下次调用时，如果继续参数空缺而使用缺省值，那么缺省值延续上次引用。

可能打印无任何标志无法看清楚，加上文字应该会简单很多。

代码如下:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import random, string
class C(object): pass
def dangerFunction(msg, l = [], b = {}, c = C()):
print msg, '-'*10
print u'操作前', l, b, c.__dict__
l.append(1)
b[random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase)] = ''
c.__dict__[random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase)] = ""
print u'操作后', l, b, c.__dict__
dangerFunction('1')
dangerFunction('2')
dangerFunction('3')
print '-' * 10, u'我是分隔符', '-' * 10
def safeFunction(msg, l = None, b = None, c = None):
if not l: l = []
if not b: b = {}
if not c: c = C()
print msg, '-'*10
print u'操作前', l, b, c.__dict__
l.append(1)
b[random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase)] = ''
c.__dict__[random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase)] = ""
print u'操作后',l, b, c.__dict__
safeFunction('1')
safeFunction('2')
safeFunction('3')

代码如下:

1 ----------
操作前 [] {} {}
操作后 [1] {'m': ''} {'v': ''}
2 ----------
操作前 [1] {'m': ''} {'v': ''}
操作后 [1, 1] {'i': '', 'm': ''} {'g': '', 'v': ''}
3 ----------
操作前 [1, 1] {'i': '', 'm': ''} {'g': '', 'v': ''}
操作后 [1, 1, 1] {'i': '', 's': '', 'm': ''} {'s': '', 'g': '', 'v': ''}
---------- 我是分隔符 ----------
1 ----------
操作前 [] {} {}
操作后 [1] {'e': ''} {'q': ''}
2 ----------
操作前 [] {} {}
操作后 [1] {'d': ''} {'s': ''}
3 ----------
操作前 [] {} {}
操作后 [1] {'m': ''} {'k': ''}