Java单元测试Mockito的使用详解

mockito简介

    调用mock对象的方法时，不会执行真实的方法，而是返回类型的默认值，如object返回null, int返回0等，否则通过指定when(方法).thenreturn(value)来指定方法的返回值。同时mock对象可以进行跟踪，使用verify方法看是否已经被调用过。而spy对象，默认会执行真实方法，返回值可以通过when.thenreturn进行覆盖。可见mock只要避开了执行一些方法，直接返回指定的值，方便做其他测试。

service测试用例

需要的依赖

  <dependency>
            <groupid>junit</groupid>
            <artifactid>junit</artifactid>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupid>org.mockito</groupid>
            <artifactid>mockito-core</artifactid>
            <version>2.23.4</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
            <artifactid>spring-boot-test</artifactid>
            <version>2.1.13.release</version>
        </dependency>

代码示例

@runwith(mockitojunitrunner.class)
@springboottest()
public class studentservicetest {
    @injectmocks
    studentservice studentservice = new studentserviceimpl();
    @mock
    studentdao     studentdao;


    @before
    public void before(){
        mockito.doreturn(new studentdo("张三", 18)).when(studentdao).read(mockito.anystring());
    }

    @test
    public void testread(){
        studentdo read = studentservice.read("");
        assert.assertnotnull(read);
    }
}

controller测试用例

需要的依赖

<dependency>
            <groupid>org.springframework</groupid>
            <artifactid>spring-test</artifactid>
            <version>5.1.14.release</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupid>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupid>
            <artifactid>json-path</artifactid>
            <version>2.4.0</version>
        </dependency>

代码示例

@runwith(mockitojunitrunner.class)
@springboottest()
public class studentcontrollertest {
    @resource
    mockmvc mockmvc;

    @injectmocks
    studentcontroller studentcontroller;
    @mock
    studentservice    studentservice;

    @before
    public void before() {
        mockmvc = mockmvcbuilders.standalonesetup(studentcontroller).build();
        mockito.doreturn(new studentdo("张三", 18)).when(studentservice).read(mockito.anystring());
    }

    @test
    public void testread() throws exception {
        mockhttpservletrequestbuilder request = mockmvcrequestbuilders.get("/student/read/1");
        mockmvc.perform(request)
                .anddo(print())
                .andexpect(status().isok())
                .andexpect(jsonpath("$.name").value("张三"));
    }

}

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