RTP打包与发送H.264实时码流
由于项目要求在DM6467T平台上添加实时RTP打包发送模块,这才找了找有没有人分享 这方面的经验。这里需要感谢网友:yanyuan9527,他写的文章对我帮助很大,可以说让一个完全小白的人了解了RTP打包,链接在此:http://www.chinavideo.org/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=7575
一、请大家阅读上面提到的文章,我这里就不详细写了,读了之后应该对RTP打包有一定了解了。不过那篇文章是在windows下实现的,我要说的是linux。首先说linux与windows下socket的几点区别:1.linux下的socket不用初始换。2.linux下定义socketfd直接是Int型,而windows下是SOCKET结构体。下图是linux和windows下socket的区别
二、在linux系统下移植好那篇文章提供的源代码,应该就可以跑通发包了,可以用抓包工具Wireshark抓下包试试。下面上代码:
1.rtp.h
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// MPEG2RTP.h
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#include <sys/socket.h>
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//#include "mem.h"
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//
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#define PACKET_BUFFER_END (unsigned int)0x00000000
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#define MAX_RTP_PKT_LENGTH 1400
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#define DEST_IP "192.168.0.30"
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#define DEST_PORT 1234
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#define H264 96
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typedef int SOCKET;
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typedef struct
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{
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/**//* byte 0 */
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unsigned char csrc_len:4; /**//* expect 0 */
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unsigned char extension:1; /**//* expect 1, see RTP_OP below */
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unsigned char padding:1; /**//* expect 0 */
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unsigned char version:2; /**//* expect 2 */
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/**//* byte 1 */
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unsigned char payload:7; /**//* RTP_PAYLOAD_RTSP */
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unsigned char marker:1; /**//* expect 1 */
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/**//* bytes 2, 3 */
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unsigned short seq_no;
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/**//* bytes 4-7 */
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unsigned long timestamp;
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/**//* bytes 8-11 */
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unsigned long ssrc; /**//* stream number is used here. */
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} RTP_FIXED_HEADER;
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typedef struct {
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//byte 0
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unsigned char TYPE:5;
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unsigned char NRI:2;
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unsigned char F:1;
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} NALU_HEADER; /**//* 1 BYTES */
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typedef struct {
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//byte 0
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unsigned char TYPE:5;
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unsigned char NRI:2;
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unsigned char F:1;
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} FU_INDICATOR; /**//* 1 BYTES */
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typedef struct {
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//byte 0
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unsigned char TYPE:5;
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unsigned char R:1;
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unsigned char E:1;
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unsigned char S:1;
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} FU_HEADER; /**//* 1 BYTES */
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//BOOL InitWinsock();
2. rtp.c
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// NALDecoder.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
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//
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#include <memory.h>
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#include "rtp.h"
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#include <sys/types.h>
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#include <sys/socket.h>
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#include <netinet/in.h>
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typedef struct
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{
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int startcodeprefix_len; //! 4 for parameter sets and first slice in picture, 3 for everything else (suggested)
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unsigned len; //! Length of the NAL unit (Excluding the start code, which does not belong to the NALU)
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unsigned max_size; //! Nal Unit Buffer size
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int forbidden_bit; //! should be always FALSE
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int nal_reference_idc; //! NALU_PRIORITY_xxxx
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int nal_unit_type; //! NALU_TYPE_xxxx
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char *buf; //! contains the first byte followed by the EBSP
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unsigned short lost_packets; //! true, if packet loss is detected
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} NALU_t;
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FILE *bits = NULL; //!< the bit stream file
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static int FindStartCode2 (unsigned char *Buf);//查找开始字符0x000001
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static int FindStartCode3 (unsigned char *Buf);//查找开始字符0x00000001
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//static bool flag = true;
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static int info2=0, info3=0;
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RTP_FIXED_HEADER *rtp_hdr;
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NALU_HEADER *nalu_hdr;
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FU_INDICATOR *fu_ind;
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FU_HEADER *fu_hdr;
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/*BOOL InitWinsock()
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{
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int Error;
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WORD VersionRequested;
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WSADATA WsaData;
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VersionRequested=MAKEWORD(2,2);
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Error=WSAStartup(VersionRequested,&WsaData); //启动WinSock2
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if(Error!=0)
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{
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return FALSE;
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}
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else
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{
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if(LOBYTE(WsaData.wVersion)!=2||HIBYTE(WsaData.wHighVersion)!=2)
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{
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WSACleanup();
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return FALSE;
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}
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}
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return TRUE;
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}*/
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//为NALU_t结构体分配内存空间
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NALU_t *AllocNALU(int buffersize)
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{
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NALU_t *n;
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if ((n = (NALU_t*)calloc (1, sizeof (NALU_t))) == NULL)
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{
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printf("AllocNALU: n");
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exit(0);
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}
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n->max_size=buffersize;
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if ((n->buf = (char*)calloc (buffersize, sizeof (char))) == NULL)
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{
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free (n);
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printf ("AllocNALU: n->buf");
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exit(0);
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}
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return n;
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}
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//释放
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void FreeNALU(NALU_t *n)
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{
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if (n)
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{
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if (n->buf)
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{
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free(n->buf);
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n->buf=NULL;
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}
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free (n);
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}
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}
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void OpenBitstreamFile (char *fn)
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{
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if (NULL == (bits=fopen(fn, "rb")))
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{
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printf("open file error\n");
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exit(0);
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}
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}
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//这个函数输入为一个NAL结构体,主要功能为得到一个完整的NALU并保存在NALU_t的buf中,获取他的长度,填充F,IDC,TYPE位。
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//并且返回两个开始字符之间间隔的字节数,即包含有前缀的NALU的长度
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int GetAnnexbNALU (NALU_t *nalu)
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{
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int pos = 0;
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int StartCodeFound, rewind;
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unsigned char *Buf;
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if ((Buf = (unsigned char*)calloc (nalu->max_size , sizeof(char))) == NULL)
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printf ("GetAnnexbNALU: Could not allocate Buf memory\n");
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nalu->startcodeprefix_len=3;//初始化码流序列的开始字符为3个字节
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if (3 != fread (Buf, 1, 3, bits))//从码流中读3个字节
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{
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free(Buf);
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return 0;
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}
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info2 = FindStartCode2 (Buf);//判断是否为0x000001
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if(info2 != 1)
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{
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//如果不是,再读一个字节
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if(1 != fread(Buf+3, 1, 1, bits))//读一个字节
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{
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free(Buf);
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return 0;
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}
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info3 = FindStartCode3 (Buf);//判断是否为0x00000001
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if (info3 != 1)//如果不是,返回-1
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{
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free(Buf);
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return -1;
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}
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else
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{
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//如果是0x00000001,得到开始前缀为4个字节
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pos = 4;
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nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 4;
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}
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}
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else
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{
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//如果是0x000001,得到开始前缀为3个字节
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nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 3;
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pos = 3;
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}
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//查找下一个开始字符的标志位
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StartCodeFound = 0;
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info2 = 0;
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info3 = 0;
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while (!StartCodeFound)
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{
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if (feof (bits))//判断是否到了文件尾
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{
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nalu->len = (pos-1)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len;
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memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len);
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nalu->forbidden_bit = nalu->buf[0] & 0x80; //1 bit
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nalu->nal_reference_idc = nalu->buf[0] & 0x60; // 2 bit
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nalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f;// 5 bit
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free(Buf);
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return pos-1;
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}
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Buf[pos++] = fgetc (bits);//读一个字节到BUF中
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info3 = FindStartCode3(&Buf[pos-4]);//判断是否为0x00000001
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if(info3 != 1)
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info2 = FindStartCode2(&Buf[pos-3]);//判断是否为0x000001
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StartCodeFound = (info2 == 1 || info3 == 1);
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}
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// Here, we have found another start code (and read length of startcode bytes more than we should
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// have. Hence, go back in the file
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rewind = (info3 == 1)? -4 : -3;
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if (0 != fseek (bits, rewind, SEEK_CUR))//把文件指针指向前一个NALU的末尾
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{
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free(Buf);
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printf("GetAnnexbNALU: Cannot fseek in the bit stream file");
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}
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// Here the Start code, the complete NALU, and the next start code is in the Buf.
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// The size of Buf is pos, pos+rewind are the number of bytes excluding the next
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// start code, and (pos+rewind)-startcodeprefix_len is the size of the NALU excluding the start code
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nalu->len = (pos+rewind)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len;
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memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len);//拷贝一个完整NALU,不拷贝起始前缀0x000001或0x00000001
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nalu->forbidden_bit = nalu->buf[0] & 0x80; //1 bit
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nalu->nal_reference_idc = nalu->buf[0] & 0x60; // 2 bit
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nalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f;// 5 bit
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free(Buf);
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return (pos+rewind);//返回两个开始字符之间间隔的字节数,即包含有前缀的NALU的长度
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}
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//输出NALU长度和TYPE
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void dump(NALU_t *n)
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{
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if (!n)return;
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//printf("a new nal:");
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printf(" len: %d ", n->len);
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printf("nal_unit_type: %x\n", n->nal_unit_type);
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}
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int main(int argc, char* argv[])
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{
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//FILE *stream;
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//stream=fopen("Test.264", "wb");
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OpenBitstreamFile("./-a.264");//打开264文件,并将文件指针赋给bits,在此修改文件名实现打开别的264文件。
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NALU_t *n;
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char* nalu_payload;
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char sendbuf[1500];
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unsigned short seq_num =0;
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//printf("seq_num=%d\n",seq_num);//added by
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int bytes=0;
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//InitWinsock(); //初始化套接字库
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SOCKET socket1;
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struct sockaddr_in server;
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int len =sizeof(server);
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float framerate=25;
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unsigned int timestamp_increase=0,ts_current=0;
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timestamp_increase=(unsigned int)(90000.0 / framerate); //+0.5);
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server.sin_family=AF_INET;
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server.sin_port=htons(DEST_PORT);
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server.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(DEST_IP);
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socket1=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
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connect(socket1, (const struct sockaddr *)&server, len) ;//申请UDP套接字
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n = AllocNALU(8000000);//为结构体nalu_t及其成员buf分配空间。返回值为指向nalu_t存储空间的指针
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while(!feof(bits))
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{
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GetAnnexbNALU(n);//每执行一次,文件的指针指向本次找到的NALU的末尾,下一个位置即为下个NALU的起始码0x000001
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dump(n);//输出NALU长度和TYPE
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memset(sendbuf,0,1500);//清空sendbuf;此时会将上次的时间戳清空,因此需要ts_current来保存上次的时间戳值
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//rtp固定包头,为12字节,该句将sendbuf[0]的地址赋给rtp_hdr,以后对rtp_hdr的写入操作将直接写入sendbuf。
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rtp_hdr =(RTP_FIXED_HEADER*)&sendbuf[0];
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//设置RTP HEADER,
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rtp_hdr->payload = H264; //负载类型号,
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rtp_hdr->version = 2; //版本号,此版本固定为2
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rtp_hdr->marker = 0; //标志位,由具体协议规定其值。
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rtp_hdr->ssrc = htonl(10); //随机指定为10,并且在本RTP会话中全局唯一
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// 当一个NALU小于1400字节的时候,采用一个单RTP包发送
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if(n->len<=1400)
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{
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//设置rtp M 位;
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rtp_hdr->marker=1;
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rtp_hdr->seq_no = htons(seq_num ++); //***,每发送一个RTP包增1
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//设置NALU HEADER,并将这个HEADER填入sendbuf[12]
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nalu_hdr =(NALU_HEADER*)&sendbuf[12]; //将sendbuf[12]的地址赋给nalu_hdr,之后对nalu_hdr的写入就将写入sendbuf中;
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nalu_hdr->F=n->forbidden_bit;
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nalu_hdr->NRI=n->nal_reference_idc>>5;//有效数据在n->nal_reference_idc的第6,7位,需要右移5位才能将其值赋给nalu_hdr->NRI。
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nalu_hdr->TYPE=n->nal_unit_type;
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nalu_payload=&sendbuf[13];//同理将sendbuf[13]赋给nalu_payload
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memcpy(nalu_payload,n->buf+1,n->len-1);//去掉nalu头的nalu剩余内容写入sendbuf[13]开始的字符串。
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ts_current=ts_current+timestamp_increase;
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rtp_hdr->timestamp=htonl(ts_current);
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bytes=n->len + 13 ; //获得sendbuf的长度,为nalu的长度(包含NALU头但除去起始前缀)加上rtp_header的固定长度12字节
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send( socket1, sendbuf, bytes, 0 );//发送rtp包
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//sleep(1);
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//fwrite(sendbuf,bytes, 1, stream);
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}
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else if(n->len>1400)
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{
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//得到该nalu需要用多少长度为1400字节的RTP包来发送
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int k=0,l=0;
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k=n->len/1400;//需要k个1400字节的RTP包
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l=n->len%1400;//最后一个RTP包的需要装载的字节数
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int t=0;//用于指示当前发送的是第几个分片RTP包
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ts_current=ts_current+timestamp_increase;
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rtp_hdr->timestamp=htonl(ts_current);
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while(t<=k)
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{
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rtp_hdr->seq_no = htons(seq_num ++); //***,每发送一个RTP包增1
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if(!t)//发送一个需要分片的NALU的第一个分片,置FU HEADER的S位
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{
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//设置rtp M 位;
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rtp_hdr->marker=0;
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//设置FU INDICATOR,并将这个HEADER填入sendbuf[12]
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fu_ind =(FU_INDICATOR*)&sendbuf[12]; //将sendbuf[12]的地址赋给fu_ind,之后对fu_ind的写入就将写入sendbuf中;
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fu_ind->F=n->forbidden_bit;
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fu_ind->NRI=n->nal_reference_idc>>5;
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fu_ind->TYPE=28;
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//设置FU HEADER,并将这个HEADER填入sendbuf[13]
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fu_hdr =(FU_HEADER*)&sendbuf[13];
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fu_hdr->E=0;
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fu_hdr->R=0;
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fu_hdr->S=1;
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fu_hdr->TYPE=n->nal_unit_type;
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nalu_payload=&sendbuf[14];//同理将sendbuf[14]赋给nalu_payload
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memcpy(nalu_payload,n->buf+1,1400);//去掉NALU头
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bytes=1400+14; //获得sendbuf的长度,为nalu的长度(除去起始前缀和NALU头)加上rtp_header,fu_ind,fu_hdr的固定长度14字节
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send( socket1, sendbuf, bytes, 0 );//发送rtp包
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//fwrite(sendbuf,bytes, 1, stream);
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//sleep(1);
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t++;
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}
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//发送一个需要分片的NALU的非第一个分片,清零FU HEADER的S位,如果该分片是该NALU的最后一个分片,置FU HEADER的E位
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else if(k==t)//发送的是最后一个分片,注意最后一个分片的长度可能超过1400字节(当l>1386时)。
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{
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//设置rtp M 位;当前传输的是最后一个分片时该位置1
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rtp_hdr->marker=1;
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//设置FU INDICATOR,并将这个HEADER填入sendbuf[12]
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fu_ind =(FU_INDICATOR*)&sendbuf[12]; //将sendbuf[12]的地址赋给fu_ind,之后对fu_ind的写入就将写入sendbuf中;
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fu_ind->F=n->forbidden_bit;
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fu_ind->NRI=n->nal_reference_idc>>5;
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fu_ind->TYPE=28;
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//设置FU HEADER,并将这个HEADER填入sendbuf[13]
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fu_hdr =(FU_HEADER*)&sendbuf[13];
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fu_hdr->R=0;
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fu_hdr->S=0;
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fu_hdr->TYPE=n->nal_unit_type;
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fu_hdr->E=1;
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nalu_payload=&sendbuf[14];//同理将sendbuf[14]的地址赋给nalu_payload
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memcpy(nalu_payload,n->buf+t*1400+1,l-1);//将nalu最后剩余的l-1(去掉了一个字节的NALU头)字节内容写入sendbuf[14]开始的字符串。
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bytes=l-1+14; //获得sendbuf的长度,为剩余nalu的长度l-1加上rtp_header,FU_INDICATOR,FU_HEADER三个包头共14字节
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send( socket1, sendbuf, bytes, 0 );//发送rtp包
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//fwrite(sendbuf,bytes, 1, stream);
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t++;
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//sleep(1);
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}
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else if(t<k&&0!=t)
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{
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//设置rtp M 位;
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rtp_hdr->marker=0;
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//设置FU INDICATOR,并将这个HEADER填入sendbuf[12]
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fu_ind =(FU_INDICATOR*)&sendbuf[12]; //将sendbuf[12]的地址赋给fu_ind,之后对fu_ind的写入就将写入sendbuf中;
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fu_ind->F=n->forbidden_bit;
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fu_ind->NRI=n->nal_reference_idc>>5;
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fu_ind->TYPE=28;
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//设置FU HEADER,并将这个HEADER填入sendbuf[13]
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fu_hdr =(FU_HEADER*)&sendbuf[13];
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//fu_hdr->E=0;
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fu_hdr->R=0;
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fu_hdr->S=0;
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fu_hdr->E=0;
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fu_hdr->TYPE=n->nal_unit_type;
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nalu_payload=&sendbuf[14];//同理将sendbuf[14]的地址赋给nalu_payload
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memcpy(nalu_payload,n->buf+t*1400+1,1400);//去掉起始前缀的nalu剩余内容写入sendbuf[14]开始的字符串。
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bytes=1400+14; //获得sendbuf的长度,为nalu的长度(除去原NALU头)加上rtp_header,fu_ind,fu_hdr的固定长度14字节
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send( socket1, sendbuf, bytes, 0 );//发送rtp包
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//fwrite(sendbuf,bytes, 1, stream);
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//sleep(1);
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t++;
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}
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}
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}
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//usleep(40000);
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}
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FreeNALU(n);
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return 0;
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}
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static int FindStartCode2 (unsigned char *Buf)
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{
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if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=1) return 0; //判断是否为0x000001,如果是返回1
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else return 1;
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}
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static int FindStartCode3 (unsigned char *Buf)
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{
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if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=0 || Buf[3] !=1) return 0;//判断是否为0x00000001,如果是返回1
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else return 1;
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}
三、程序跑通之后下一步,就是要移植到DM6467T下encode工程中进行实时打包,也就是编码一帧完成后直接RTP打包,而不是读取文件流。在encode工程中有个writer线程,里面的fwrite函数就是writer线程的核心,这里我将fwrite替换成rtp()打包函数。
列出几点注意事项:
1. 移植过程中将所有对文件的操作改成对BUFFER指针的操作
2. 注意对RTP头中seq_no的修改
3. 注意对时间戳的修改
4. 由于实时发送需要不停地调用rtp打包程序,就需要将建立socket的部分程序移到循环之外。这是因为linux的文件操作符是有限的,不停地创建会用光文件操作符,而对socket的close不能立即释放资源,会有延时,即使close也解决不了问题(至少我没能解决,如果有解决的朋友希望不吝赐教)。
第三部分只是简单列出移植过程中所遇到的问题以及解决思路,未上详尽解释以及代码,不过网上应该都有具体方法,有问题也可以留言讨论,我用的是UDP包。(关于讨论的事非常抱歉,由于楼主不做那个项目很久了,基本忘光了,不过近期会贴上当时的代码)
将程序移植完成以后通过VLC实时解码,可能还会出现1秒钟的延迟,那是由于VLC默认的网络缓存时间是1000ms,网络条件好的可以改成300ms,延时将大大减小。
附件内容是将文中所提到的网友的windows程序做简单修改移植linux下的RTP打包发送程序:点击打开链接
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