描述:用户输入一系列算式字符串,程序返回计算结果。
要求:不使用eval、exec函数。
实现思路:找到当前字符串优先级最高的表达式,在算术运算中,()优先级最高,则取出算式最底层的(),再进行加减乘除运算。对于加减乘除,也要确立一个优先级,可以使用一个运算符列表,用for循环逐个处理运算符,并且要考虑同级情况(如for遍历至*时,也要考虑同级别的\是否要提前运算)。不断循环上述过程,直到最终得到一个结果。
关键点:使用re模块匹配出当前状态下优先级最高的算式。
result = re.search('\([^()]+\)',s)
实现代码:
import re
'''根据本逻辑,‘-’必须早于‘+’循环 否则特殊情况会报错
原因是若出现符号--,会被处理为+,若+优先遍历,最后+将无法被处理'''
oper_char = ['^','*','/','-','+']
def format_str(s):
'''除去空格和两边括号'''
return s.replace(' ','').replace('(','').replace(')','')
def handle_symbol(s):
'''处理多个运算符并列的情况'''
return s.replace('+-','-').replace('--','+').replace('-+','-').replace('++','+')
def cal(x,y,opertor):
'''加减乘除开方'''
if opertor == '^':return x**y
elif opertor == '*':return x*y
elif opertor == '/':return x/y
elif opertor == '+':return x+y
elif opertor == '-':return x-y
def bottom_operation(s):
'''无括号运算 返回一个浮点数
symbol用于判断返回值是正还是负'''
symbol = 0
s = handle_symbol(s)
for c in oper_char:
while c in s:
id,char = (s.find(c),c)
if c in ('*','/') and '*' in s and '/' in s:
ids,idd = (s.find('*'),s.find('/'))
id,char = (ids,'*') if ids <= idd else (idd,'/')
if c in ('+','-') and '+' in s and '-' in s:
ida,idd = (s.find('+'),s.find('-'))
id,char = (ida,'+') if ida <= idd else (idd,'-')
if id == -1:break
left,right = ('','')
for i in range(id - 1,-1,-1):
if s[i] in oper_char:break
left = s[i] + left
for i in range(id + 1,len(s)):
if s[id+1] == '-':
right += s[i]
continue
if s[i] in oper_char:break
right += s[i]
if right == '' or left == '':
if s[0] in ('-','+'):
if '+' not in s[1:] and '-' not in s[1:]:break
s = s[1:].replace('-','负').replace('+','-').replace('负','+')
symbol += 1
continue
else:return '输入算式有误'
old_str = left + char + right
new_str = str(cal(float(left),float(right),char))
s = handle_symbol(s.replace(old_str,new_str))
return float(s) if symbol % 2 == 0 else -float(s)
def get_bottom(s):
'''获取优先级最高的表达式'''
res = re.search('\([^()]+\)',s)
if res != none:return res.group()
if __name__ == '__main__':
while true:
s1 = input('请输入您要计算的表达式(支持加减乘除开方): ')
while get_bottom(s1) != none:
source = get_bottom(s1)
result = bottom_operation(format_str((source)))
s1 = s1.replace(source,str(result))
print(bottom_operation(format_str(s1)))