Vue-CLI 项目中相关操作

0830总结

vue-cli 项目中相关操作

一.前台路由的基本工作流程

目录结构

|vue-proj
|   |src
|   |   |components
|   |   |   |nav.vue
|   |   |views
|   |   |   |pagefirst.vue
|   |   |   |pagesecond.vue
|   |   |app.vue
|   |   |router.js

app.vue：根组件

<template>
    <div id="app">
        <!--根组件只需要书写router-view-->
        <!--router-view就是vue-router插件路由占位标签-->
        <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
</template>

nav.vue：小组件

<template>
    <div class="nav">
        <!--router-link就是vue-router插件路由页面转跳的标签，页面加载后会被解析为a标签-->
        <!--router-link不同于a标签，路由转跳之后更换组件，不会发送页面转跳，用to属性设置转跳路径-->
        <router-link to="/page-first">first</router-link>
        <router-link :to="{name: 'page-second'}">second</router-link>
        <router-link to="/course">课程</router-link>
        <!-- to后跟路由路径 | :to后可以用name设置路由别名 -->
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name: "nav"
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .nav {
        height: 100px;
        background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    }
    .nav a {
        margin: 0 20px;
        font: normal 20px/100px '微软雅黑';
    }
    .nav a:hover {
        color: red;
    }
</style>

pagefirst.vue：页面组件

<template>
    <div class="page-first">
        <nav></nav>
        <h1>page-first</h1>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    // 使用
    import nav from '@/components/nav'
    export default {
        name: "pagefirst",
        components: {
            nav
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .page-first {
        width: 100%;
        height: 800px;
        background: orange;
    }
    h1 {
        text-align: center;
    }
</style>

pagesecond.vue：页面组件

<template>
    <div class="page-second">
        <nav></nav>
        <h1 @click="printtitle">{{ title }}</h1>
        <input type="text" v-model="title">
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    import nav from '@/components/nav'
    export default {
        name: "pagesecond",
        data() {
            return {
                title: 'page-second'
            }
        },
        methods: {
            printtitle() {
                console.log(this.title)
            }
        },
        components: {
            nav
        },
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .page-second {
        width: 100%;
        height: 800px;
        background: pink;
    }
    h1 {
        text-align: center;
    }
</style>

router.js：路由配置

import vue from 'vue'
import router from 'vue-router'
import pagefirst from './views/pagefirst'
import pagesecond from './views/pagesecond'

vue.use(router);

export default new router({
    mode: 'history',  // 组件更换模拟页面转跳形成浏览器历史记录
    base: process.env.base_url,
    routes: [
        // 路由就是 url路径 与 vue组件 的映射关系
        // 映射出的组件会替换 根组件 中的 router-view 标签
        // 通过 router-link 标签完成 url路径 的切换
        {  
            path: '/page-first',
            name: 'page-first',
            component: pagefirst
        },
        {
            path: '/page-second',
            name: 'page-second',
            component: pagesecond
        },
    ]
})

二.配置全局样式文件

目录结构

|vue-proj
|   |src
|   |   |assets
|   |   |   |css
|   |   |   |   |global.css
|   |   |main.js

global.css

html, body, h1, ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}
ul {
    list-style: none;
}
a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: black;
}

/* router-link标签激活状态拥有的类名 */
.router-link-exact-active.router-link-active {
    color: greenyellow;
    border-bottom: 2px solid greenyellow;
}

main.js

// 新增内容
// 配置全局css
import '@/assets/css/global.css'

三.组件生命周期钩子

概念

一个组件从创建到销毁，整个过程中的特殊的时间节点回调的方法，称之为生命周期钩子

如：一个组件创建成功就会回调 created方法，内部数据要更新和更新完毕分别调用 beforeupdate方法与updated方法

案例

<template>
    <div class="page-second">
        <nav></nav>
        <h1 @click="printtitle">{{ title }}</h1>
        <input type="text" v-model="title">
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    import nav from '@/components/nav'
    export default {
        name: "pagesecond",
        data() {
            return {
                title: 'page-second'
            }
        },
        methods: {
            printtitle() {
                console.log(this.title)
            }
        },
        components: {
            nav
        },
        beforecreate() {
            console.log('开始创建组件');
            console.log(this.title);
            console.log(this.printtitle);
            this.title = '呵呵';
        },
        created() {  // 重点
            console.log('组件创建成功');
            console.log(this.title);
            console.log(this.printtitle);
            // 请求后台数据，完成数据的更新
            this.title = '嘿嘿';
        },
        beforemount() {
            console.log('组件开始渲染');
        },
        mounted() {
            console.log('组件渲染成功');
            this.title = '嘻嘻';
        },
        beforeupdate() {
            console.log('数据开始更新');
        },
        updated() {
            console.log('数据更新完毕');
        },
        activated() {
            console.log('组件激活');
        },
        deactivated() {
            console.log('组件停用');
        },
        destroyed() {
            console.log('组件销毁成功');
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .page-second {
        width: 100%;
        height: 800px;
        background: pink;
    }
    h1 {
        text-align: center;
    }
</style>

四.路由重定向

router.js

import vue from 'vue'
import router from 'vue-router'
import pagefirst from './views/pagefirst'
import pagesecond from './views/pagesecond'
import course from './views/course'

vue.use(router);

export default new router({
    mode: 'history',
    base: process.env.base_url,
    routes: [
        {
            path: '/page-first',
            name: 'page-first',
            component: pagefirst
        },
        {  // 重定向路由的两种方式
            path: '/page/first',
            // redirect: {'name': 'page-first'},
            redirect: '/page-first'
        },
    ]
})

五.页面组件小组件综合案例

目录结构

|vue-proj
|   |src
|   |   |components  小组件
|   |   |   |coursecard.vue
|   |   |views  页面组件
|   |   |   |course.vue
|   |   |router.js

coursecard.vue

<template>
    <div class="course-card">
        <div class="left" :style="{background: card.bgcolor}"></div>
        <div class="right">{{ card.title }}</div>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name: "coursecard",
        props: ['card']
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .course-card {
        margin: 10px 0 10px;
    }
    .course-card div {
        float: left;
    }
    .course-card:after {
        content: '';
        display: block;
        clear: both;
    }
    .left {
        width: 50%;
        height: 120px;
        background-color: blue;
    }
    .right {
        width: 50%;
        height: 120px;
        background-color: tan;
        font: bold 30px/120px 'stsong';
        text-align: center;
    }
</style>

coursecard.vue

<template>
    <div class="course">
        <nav></nav>
        <h1>课程主页</h1>
        <coursecard :card="card" v-for="card in card_list" :key="card"></coursecard>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    import nav from '@/components/nav'
    import coursecard from '@/components/coursecard'
    export default {
        name: "course",
        data() {
            return {
                card_list: []
            }
        },
        components: {
            nav,
            coursecard
        },
        created() {
            let cards = [
                {
                    id: 1,
                    bgcolor: 'red',
                    title: 'python基础'
                },
                {
                    id: 3,
                    bgcolor: 'blue',
                    title: 'django入土'
                },
                {
                    id: 8,
                    bgcolor: 'yellow',
                    title: 'mysql删库高级'
                },
            ];
            this.card_list = cards;
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    h1 {
        text-align: center;
        background-color: brown;
    }
</style>

router.js

import vue from 'vue'
import router from 'vue-router'
import pagefirst from './views/pagefirst'
import pagesecond from './views/pagesecond'
import course from './views/course'

vue.use(router);

export default new router({
    mode: 'history',
    base: process.env.base_url,
    routes: [
        {
            path: '/page-first',
            name: 'page-first',
            component: pagefirst
        },
        {
            path: '/page/first',
            // redirect: {'name': 'page-first'},
            redirect: '/page-first'
        },
        {
            path: '/page-second',
            name: 'page-second',
            component: pagesecond
        },
        {
            path: '/course',
            name: 'course',
            component: course
        },
    ]
})