GUI之 事件处理基础
程序员文章站
2022-03-21 19:12:48
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事件处理可以简单地这么理解,当有一个事件产生,程序要根据这个事件做出响应。比如,我们做了一个可以通过按钮改变背景颜色的窗口,当我们点击按钮时便产生了一个事件,程序会根据这个事件来做出响应,也就是去改变背景的颜色。
那么程序是怎样做出响应的呢?这就需要事件监听器ActionListener,这是一个接口,里面包含了actionPerformed方法(也就是根据事件去执行的操作),所以我们要实现这个接口(实现接口里的actionPerformed方法)做出一个监听器对象出来,并且用按钮来注册这个监听器对象,这样当按钮被点击的时候,就会调用这个监听器来执行响应了。
运行结果
代码(第42行开始为实现接口):
package buttonPanel; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; //事件监听器接口ActionListener的位置。 import javax.swing.*; public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame { private ButtonPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; public ButtonFrame() { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH,DEFAULT_HEIGHT); setLocationByPlatform(true); //构造按钮 JButton redButton = new JButton("RED"); JButton yellowButton = new JButton("YELLOW"); JButton blueButton = new JButton("BLUE"); buttonPanel = new ButtonPanel(); //添加按钮到面板 buttonPanel.add(redButton); buttonPanel.add(yellowButton); buttonPanel.add(blueButton); add(buttonPanel); //构造对应颜色的动作监听器 ColorAction redAction = new ColorAction(Color.red); ColorAction yellowAction = new ColorAction(Color.yellow); ColorAction blueAction = new ColorAction(Color.blue); //每个按钮注册对应的监听器 redButton.addActionListener(redAction); yellowButton.addActionListener(yellowAction); blueButton.addActionListener(blueAction); } //为了方便调用buttonPanel,将ColorAction作为ButtonFrame的内部类。 private class ColorAction implements ActionListener { private Color backgroundColor; public ColorAction(Color c) { backgroundColor = c; } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor); } } public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame(); frame.setTitle("ColorButton"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); } }); } } class ButtonPanel extends JPanel { private static final int DEFAUT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAUT_HEIGHT = 200; @Override protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) { g.create(); super.paintComponent(g); } @Override public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAUT_WIDTH,DEFAUT_HEIGHT); } }
在上述代码中,为了方便监听器调用buttonPanel,将ColorAction作为ButtonFrame的内部类。如果将ColorAction类独立出去,需要将buttonPanel传递到ColorAction,实现如下:
package buttonPanel2; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ButtonFrame2 extends JFrame { private ButtonPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; public ButtonFrame2() { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH,DEFAULT_HEIGHT); setLocationByPlatform(true); JButton redButton = new JButton("RED"); JButton yellowButton = new JButton("YELLOW"); JButton blueButton = new JButton("BLUE"); buttonPanel = new ButtonPanel(); buttonPanel.add(redButton); buttonPanel.add(yellowButton); buttonPanel.add(blueButton); add(buttonPanel); //将此对象通过this传到ColorAction的构造器。 ColorAction redAction = new ColorAction(this,Color.red); ColorAction yellowAction = new ColorAction(this,Color.yellow); ColorAction blueAction = new ColorAction(this,Color.blue); redButton.addActionListener(redAction); yellowButton.addActionListener(yellowAction); blueButton.addActionListener(blueAction); } public void setButtonPanelsBackground(Color backgroundColor) { buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor); } public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame2(); frame.setTitle("ColorButton"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); } }); } } class ColorAction implements ActionListener { private ButtonFrame2 buttonFrame; private Color backgroundColor; //通过构造器的方法把ButtonFrame2对象传过来,这个对象包含了成员变量buttonPanel,以便对其更换背景色。 public ColorAction(ButtonFrame2 buttonFrame,Color c) { this.buttonFrame = buttonFrame; //this.buttonFrame只是对象管理者,管理的还是ButtonFrame的对象frame。 backgroundColor = c; } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { buttonFrame.setButtonPanelsBackground(backgroundColor); //这是我们在ButtonFrame2中添加的新方法。 } } class ButtonPanel extends JPanel { private static final int DEFAUT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAUT_HEIGHT = 200; public ButtonPanel() { setBackground(Color.pink); } @Override protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) { g.create(); super.paintComponent(g); } @Override public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAUT_WIDTH,DEFAUT_HEIGHT); } } ButtonFrame2
代码存在一个缺陷,就是在构造按钮、添加按钮到面板、构造相应颜色的监听器和注册监听器的时候有代码复制的情况,为了避免代码复制,我们可以创建一个makeButton方法,把这些重复的操作包含在内,实现如下:
package buttonPanel3; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ButtonFrame3 extends JFrame { private ButtonPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; public ButtonFrame3() { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH,DEFAULT_HEIGHT); setLocationByPlatform(true); buttonPanel = new ButtonPanel(); add(buttonPanel); makeButton("RED",Color.red); makeButton("YELLOW",Color.yellow); makeButton("BLUE",Color.blue); } //为了避免代码重复,我们将重复的操作放在这个函数里。 public void makeButton(String name,final Color bg) { JButton button = new JButton(name); buttonPanel.add(button); button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { //可以new一个接口出来,但是后面必须接花括号实现内部方法。 public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { buttonPanel.setBackground(bg); } }); } public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame3(); frame.setTitle("ColorButton"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); } }); } } class ButtonPanel extends JPanel { private static final int DEFAUT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAUT_HEIGHT = 200; @Override protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) { g.create(); super.paintComponent(g); } @Override public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAUT_WIDTH,DEFAUT_HEIGHT); } } ButtonFrame3
在代码中,监听器只被调用了一次,也就是在addActionListener()时。所以我们没有必要为监听器单独做一个类出来,而是只需在用到监听器时直接new一个ActionListener接口出来,并在花括号里实现接口方法即可。
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