python用matplotlib作图，图表样式详细设置

python中matplotlib可视化作图

最近做实验，需要重复画图，用origin处理有些繁琐，索性用python自动化处理一下。好在测试数据是简单的格式，不需要特定软件打开，记事本即可。
在文件解析获取数据上，没费什么事，但因为对作图格式有一定要求，所以在图表样式上碰到了一些问题。
官网的文档过于零碎，不适合新手阅读。网上的教程或视频较少，涉及样式的内容就更少，看来看去没有现成的优质教程，都没有对样式进行细致讲解。费了些时间依靠网上零碎的东西集成了今天的这篇文章。
贴出的代码，对作图分析里的要求没有完全实现。不过最后的效果还能接受。

代码实现

'''
作图分析
1、图像X、Y轴比例
2、X、Y轴刻度分布
3、刻度线长度、宽度
4、刻度标签字体大小
5、X、Y轴标签字体大小
6、图例边框去除
7、背景颜色设置
'''

import os
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#从pyplot导入MultipleLocator类，这个类用于设置刻度间隔
from matplotlib.ticker import (MultipleLocator, AutoMinorLocator)

#解决中文显示问题
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] =['Microsoft YaHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

#获取需要处理文件的地址
def getlink():
    file_link_lists = []
    for file_link in os.listdir():
        if ".DTA" == os.path.splitext(file_link)[-1]:
            file_link_lists.append(file_link)
    return file_link_lists



#根据源文件数据处理，下一步进行绘制
def lsv_data_processing(file_link):
    result = [x_RHE[],y[]]
    keyword = r"V vs. Ref"
    with open(file_link,"r") as f:
        switch = 0
        for i, line in enumerate(f, 1): 
            if keyword in line:
                switch = 1
                continue
            if switch:
                x_RHE.append(eval(line.split("\t")[3])+0.059*14+0.244)
                y.append(eval(line.split("\t")[4])*1000)
        f.close()
    return result



#设置绘图样式
def draw_style(ax):
#设置坐标轴显示状态
    ax.spines['top'].set_visible(True)#开启上坐标轴
    ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(True)#开启x轴坐标轴
    ax.spines['left'].set_visible(True)#开启y轴
    ax.spines['right'].set_visible(True)#开启右轴

#设置坐标轴的粗细
    width = 1.5
    ax.spines['bottom'].set_linewidth(width);
    ax.spines['left'].set_linewidth(width);
    ax.spines['right'].set_linewidth(width);
    ax.spines['top'].set_linewidth(width);

#坐标轴刻度间隔及刻度线样式
    y_major_locator = 50
    y_minor_locator = y_major_locator/2
    x_major_locator = 0.1
    x_minor_locator = x_major_locator/2
    ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(x_major_locator))
    ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(x_minor_locator))
    ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(y_major_locator))
    ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(y_minor_locator))

    ax.tick_params(axis='both', which = 'major', direction='out', length=8, width = 1.5)
    ax.tick_params(axis='both', which = 'minor', direction='out', length=4, width = 1.5)

#设置坐标轴范围
    x_range = (-0.5, 0)
    y_range = (-300, 10)
    ax.set_xlim(x_range)
    ax.set_ylim(y_range)

#设置坐标轴标签及样式
    x_label = "Potential  (V vs RHE)"
    y_label = "Current Density  (mA/cm$^2$)"
    label_fontsize = 14
    label_font =dict(fontsize=16, family='Times New Roman', weight='light')
    ax.set_xlabel(x_label, fontsize = label_fontsize, fontdict = label_font)
    ax.set_ylabel(y_label, fontsize = label_fontsize, fontdict = label_font)

def LSV_plot():
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = plt.gca()
    draw_style(ax)
    i = 0
    line_color = ['#FE0000', '#FE8300', '#008300', '#FEFE00', '#0000FE', '#000000']
    for file_link in getlink():
        x_RHE = lsv_data_processing(file_link)[0]
        y = lsv_data_processing(file_link)[1]
        y_legend = file_link.split("-test", 1)[0]
        ax.plot(x_RHE, y, label = y_legend,linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-",color = line_color[i])
        i = i+1
    plt.legend()
    plt.show()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    LSV_plot()

附上测试数据

原文件中空格为tab键空格，非space空格，因为字符串分割需要用到请注意
文件命名保存为 123-test.DTA即可（注意DTA大写，大小写敏感）

CURVE TABLE 501
Pt T Vf Im Vu Sig Ach IERange Over Cycle Temp
# s V vs. Ref. A V V V # bits # deg C
203 102 -1.20310E+000 -1.54850E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.20300E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
204 102.5 -1.20412E+000 -1.56983E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.20400E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
205 103 -1.20512E+000 -1.59172E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.20500E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
206 103.5 -1.20611E+000 -1.61291E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.20600E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
207 104 -1.20712E+000 -1.63419E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.20700E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
208 104.5 -1.20812E+000 -1.65501E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.20800E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
209 105 -1.20910E+000 -1.67936E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.20900E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
210 105.5 -1.21009E+000 -1.70142E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.21000E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
211 106 -1.21111E+000 -1.72316E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.21100E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
212 106.5 -1.21211E+000 -1.74654E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.21200E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
213 107 -1.21309E+000 -1.77023E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.21300E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
214 107.5 -1.21410E+000 -1.79337E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.21400E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
215 108 -1.21510E+000 -1.81850E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.21500E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
216 108.5 -1.21610E+000 -1.84333E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.21600E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
217 109 -1.21713E+000 -1.86837E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.21700E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
218 109.5 -1.21812E+000 -1.89355E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.21799E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
219 110 -1.21910E+000 -1.91723E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.21899E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
220 110.5 -1.22013E+000 -1.94513E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.21999E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
221 111 -1.22111E+000 -1.97100E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.22099E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
222 111.5 -1.22210E+000 -1.99577E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.22199E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
223 112 -1.22312E+000 -2.02153E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.22299E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
224 112.5 -1.22412E+000 -2.04989E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.22401E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
225 113 -1.22511E+000 -2.07707E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.22501E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
226 113.5 -1.22612E+000 -2.10239E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.22601E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
227 114 -1.22712E+000 -2.12893E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.22701E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
228 114.5 -1.22812E+000 -2.15651E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.22800E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
229 115 -1.22910E+000 -2.18411E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.22900E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
230 115.5 -1.23012E+000 -2.21219E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.23000E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
231 116 -1.23113E+000 -2.23802E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.23100E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
232 116.5 -1.23211E+000 -2.26643E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.23200E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
233 117 -1.23312E+000 -2.29402E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.23300E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
234 117.5 -1.23412E+000 -2.32145E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.23400E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
235 118 -1.23511E+000 -2.35159E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.23500E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
236 118.5 -1.23612E+000 -2.37962E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.23600E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
237 119 -1.23712E+000 -2.40706E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.23700E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
238 119.5 -1.23812E+000 -2.43644E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.23800E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
239 120 -1.23911E+000 -2.46681E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.23900E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
240 120.5 -1.24011E+000 -2.49582E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.24000E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
241 121 -1.24111E+000 -2.52668E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.24100E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
242 121.5 -1.24209E+000 -2.55689E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.24200E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
243 122 -1.24312E+000 -2.58833E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.24300E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
244 122.5 -1.24412E+000 -2.61862E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.24400E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
245 123 -1.24512E+000 -2.65007E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.24500E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
246 123.5 -1.24611E+000 -2.68069E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.24600E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
247 124 -1.24711E+000 -2.71123E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.24700E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
248 124.5 -1.24810E+000 -2.74516E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.24800E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
249 125 -1.24910E+000 -2.77613E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.24900E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
250 125.5 -1.25013E+000 -2.80841E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.25000E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
251 126 -1.25110E+000 -2.84118E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.25100E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
252 126.5 -1.25210E+000 -2.87374E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.25200E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
253 127 -1.25310E+000 -2.90763E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.25300E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
254 127.5 -1.25411E+000 -2.93900E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.25400E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
255 128 -1.25514E+000 -2.97286E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.25500E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
256 128.5 -1.25614E+000 -3.00718E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.25600E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
257 129 -1.25712E+000 -3.04037E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.25700E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
258 129.5 -1.25812E+000 -3.07504E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.25800E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
259 130 -1.25911E+000 -3.11112E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.25900E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
260 130.5 -1.26010E+000 -3.14349E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.26000E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
261 131 -1.26110E+000 -3.18116E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.26100E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
262 131.5 -1.26210E+000 -3.21485E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.26200E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
263 132 -1.26311E+000 -3.25110E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.26300E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
264 132.5 -1.26409E+000 -3.28613E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.26400E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
265 133 -1.26509E+000 -3.32362E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.26500E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
266 133.5 -1.26609E+000 -3.35876E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.26600E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
267 134 -1.26709E+000 -3.39525E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.26699E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
268 134.5 -1.26812E+000 -3.43155E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.26799E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
269 135 -1.26910E+000 -3.46864E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.26899E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
270 135.5 -1.27011E+000 -3.50432E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.26999E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
271 136 -1.27113E+000 -3.54256E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.27099E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
272 136.5 -1.27211E+000 -3.58125E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.27199E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
273 137 -1.27310E+000 -3.61958E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.27299E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
274 137.5 -1.27411E+000 -3.65904E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.27401E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
275 138 -1.27511E+000 -3.69501E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.27501E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
276 138.5 -1.27612E+000 -3.73189E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.27601E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
277 139 -1.27712E+000 -3.77195E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.27700E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
278 139.5 -1.27810E+000 -3.81166E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.27800E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
279 140 -1.27912E+000 -3.85059E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.27900E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
280 140.5 -1.28012E+000 -3.89028E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.28000E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
281 141 -1.28114E+000 -3.92743E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.28100E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
282 141.5 -1.28212E+000 -3.96622E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.28200E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
283 142 -1.28311E+000 -4.00683E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.28300E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
284 142.5 -1.28413E+000 -4.04786E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.28400E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
285 143 -1.28512E+000 -4.08777E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.28500E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
286 143.5 -1.28610E+000 -4.12688E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.28600E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
287 144 -1.28710E+000 -4.16874E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.28700E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
288 144.5 -1.28811E+000 -4.21258E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.28800E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
289 145 -1.28911E+000 -4.25203E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.28900E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
290 145.5 -1.29011E+000 -4.29360E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.29000E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
291 146 -1.29111E+000 -4.33419E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.29100E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
292 146.5 -1.29210E+000 -4.37684E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.29200E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
293 147 -1.29309E+000 -4.41655E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.29300E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
294 147.5 -1.29412E+000 -4.45709E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.29400E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
295 148 -1.29511E+000 -4.49837E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.29500E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
296 148.5 -1.29611E+000 -4.54188E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.29600E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
297 149 -1.29712E+000 -4.58587E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.29700E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
298 149.5 -1.29810E+000 -4.62795E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.29800E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
299 150 -1.29912E+000 -4.67136E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.29900E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
300 150.5 -1.30011E+000 -4.71624E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.30000E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
301 151 -1.30112E+000 -4.75888E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.30100E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
302 151.5 -1.30211E+000 -4.80362E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.30200E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
303 152 -1.30311E+000 -4.84555E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.30300E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
304 152.5 -1.30410E+000 -4.89022E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.30400E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
305 153 -1.30510E+000 -4.93551E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.30500E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
306 153.5 -1.30610E+000 -4.97954E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.30600E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
307 154 -1.30711E+000 -5.02163E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.30700E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.59
308 154.5 -1.30811E+000 -5.06758E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.30800E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.59
309 155 -1.30910E+000 -5.11288E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.30900E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.59
310 155.5 -1.31012E+000 -5.15840E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.31000E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.59
311 156 -1.31110E+000 -5.20231E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.31100E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
312 156.5 -1.31210E+000 -5.24767E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.31200E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
313 157 -1.31311E+000 -5.29379E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.31300E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
314 157.5 -1.31411E+000 -5.33900E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.31400E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
315 158 -1.31510E+000 -5.38232E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.31500E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
316 158.5 -1.31610E+000 -5.42947E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.31599E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
317 159 -1.31710E+000 -5.47769E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.31699E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
318 159.5 -1.31809E+000 -5.52139E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.31799E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
319 160 -1.31913E+000 -5.56718E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.31899E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
320 160.5 -1.32010E+000 -5.61347E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.31999E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
321 161 -1.32110E+000 -5.65944E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.32099E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
322 161.5 -1.32210E+000 -5.70683E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.32199E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
323 162 -1.32313E+000 -5.75247E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.32301E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
324 162.5 -1.32410E+000 -5.79874E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.32401E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
325 163 -1.32510E+000 -5.84514E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.32501E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
326 163.5 -1.32611E+000 -5.89056E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.32600E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
327 164 -1.32712E+000 -5.93734E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.32700E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.59
328 164.5 -1.32811E+000 -5.98513E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.32800E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.59
329 165 -1.32910E+000 -6.03100E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.32900E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
330 165.5 -1.33011E+000 -6.07605E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.33000E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
331 166 -1.33110E+000 -6.12410E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.33100E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
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333 167 -1.33312E+000 -6.21847E-002 0.00000E+000 -1.33300E+000 0.00000E+000 12 … 0 1473.68
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遗留问题

只有一个问题python导出的图片过大，设置DPI=500时保存生成的图片接近百兆字节，这个问题网上搜了搜也没能解决，估计最后还是要靠origin

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