IDEA中的HTTP Client使用教程
介绍
idea restful webservices是一个类似jmeter,postman的工具。可以使用纯文本编辑。
官网介绍地址:https://www.jetbrains.com/help/idea/restful-webservices.html
该工具是idea的一个组件,在tools->http client
下;当然goland也是相同;低版本是test restful webservice
,新版本的idea已经提示改功能废弃,建议使用new http client
也就是我们此教程要介绍的工具;
示例:
创建demo1.http
文件
get
###
点击右侧运行即可查看到结果
http请求中使用变量
要在请求中提供变量,请将其括在双花括号中,如 {{variable}} 。变量名称只能包含字母,数字,下 划线符号 _ 或连字符 - 。
预定义的动态变量
每次您运行请求时,动态变量都会生成一个值: $uuid :生成通用的唯一标识符(uuid-v4) $timestamp :生成当前的unix时间戳 $randomint :生成介于0到1000之间的随机整数。
get http://localhost/api/get?id={{$uuid}}
创建环境变量
在项目内部,创建以下文件:
- 在rest-client.env.json(或http-client.env.json)是包含常见的变量,其目的是要与你的项目一起 分发的常规文件。
- 在rest-client.private.env.json(或http-client.private.env.json)是一个 私人 的文件可能包括密 码,令牌,证书和其他敏感信息。默认情况下,此文件被添加到vcs忽略文件列表中。在httpclient.private.env.json文件中指定的变量的值将覆盖环境文件中的值。
{ "dev": { "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80", "name": "zhangsan" }, "prod": { "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80", "name":"lisi" } }
调用示例
get http://{{host}}/api/get?name={{name}}
脚本设置环境变量
//设置环境变量 > {% client.global.set("token", response.body.token); %}
脚本检测
可以对返回值进行打印,断言;
# 登陆 post http://{{host}}/system/login content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded username=admin&password=123456 > {% client.log(json.stringify(response.body)); client.test("request executed successfully", function() { client.assert(response.status === 200, "response status is not 200"); }); client.test("response content-type is json", function() { var type = response.contenttype.mimetype; client.assert(type === "application/json", "expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'"); }); client.test("request code success", function() { client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "response code is not 0"); client.global.set("token", response.body.data); }); %} ###
类型介绍
- client
client.global
- set(varname, varvalue) // 设置全局变量
- get(varname) // 获取全局变量
- isempty // 检查 global 是否为空
- clear(varname) // 删除变量
- clearall // 删除所有变量
- client.test(testname, func) // 创建一个名称为 testname 的测试
- client.assert(condition, message) // 校验条件 condition 是否成立,否则抛出异常 message
- client.log(text) // 打印日志
- response
- response.body // 字符串 或 json (如果 content-type 为 application/json .)
- response.headers
valueof(headername) // 返回第一个匹配 headername 的值,如果没有匹配的返回 null
valuesof(headername) // 返回所有匹配 headername 的值的数组,如果没有匹配的返回空数组
- response.status // http 状态码,如: 200 / 400
- response.contenttype
mimetype // 返回 mime 类型,如: text/plain , text/xml , application/json .
charset // 返回编码 utf-8 等
示例test.http
### # get请求 get http://{{host}}/api/get?name={{name}} ### # post请求 post http://{{host}}/api/post/kv content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded name=zhangsan&age=11 ### # post请求 post http://{{host}}/api/post/json content-type: application/json referer: https://goframe.org/ cookie: name=zhangsan; age=11 {"name":"zhangsan","age":11} ###
test2.http
### # 未登录 post http://{{host}}/system/user/info > {% client.log(json.stringify(response.body)); client.test("request executed successfully", function() { client.assert(response.status === 404, "response status is not 200"); }); client.test("response content-type is json", function() { var type = response.contenttype.mimetype; client.assert(type === "application/json", "expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'"); }); client.test("request code fail", function() { client.assert(response.body.code === -1, "response code is not -1"); }); %} ### # 登陆 post http://{{host}}/system/login content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded username=admin&password=123456 > {% client.log(json.stringify(response.body)); client.test("request executed successfully", function() { client.assert(response.status === 200, "response status is not 200"); }); client.test("response content-type is json", function() { var type = response.contenttype.mimetype; client.assert(type === "application/json", "expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'"); }); client.test("request code success", function() { client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "response code is not 0"); client.global.set("token", response.body.data); }); %} ### # 登陆后访问用户信息 post http://{{host}}/system/user/info token: {{token}} > {% client.log(json.stringify(response.body)); client.test("request executed successfully", function() { client.assert(response.status === 200, "response status is not 200"); }); client.test("response content-type is json", function() { var type = response.contenttype.mimetype; client.assert(type === "application/json", "expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'"); }); client.test("request code success", function() { client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "response code is not 0"); }); %} ### # 登陆后访问用户年龄 post http://{{host}}/system/user/age token: {{token}} > {% client.log(json.stringify(response.body)); client.test("request executed successfully", function() { client.assert(response.status === 200, "response status is not 200"); }); client.test("response content-type is json", function() { var type = response.contenttype.mimetype; client.assert(type === "application/json", "expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'"); }); client.test("request code success", function() { client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "response code is not 0"); }); %} ###
http-client.env.json
{ "dev": { "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80", "name": "zhangsan" }, "prod": { "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80", "name":"lisi" } }
main.go
package main import ( "github.com/gogf/gf/frame/g" "github.com/gogf/gf/net/ghttp" "github.com/gogf/gf/util/guuid" ) var token string func main() { s := g.server() group := s.group("/api") // 默认路径 // get带参数 group.get("/get", func(r *ghttp.request) { r.response.writeln("hello world!") r.response.writeln("name:", r.getstring("name")) }) // post kv group.post("/post/kv", func(r *ghttp.request) { r.response.writeln("func:test") r.response.writeln("name:", r.getstring("name")) r.response.writeln("age:", r.getint("age")) }) // post json group.post("/post/json", func(r *ghttp.request) { r.response.writeln("func:test2") r.response.writeln("name:", r.getstring("name")) r.response.writeln("age:", r.getstring("age")) h := r.header r.response.writeln("referer:", h.get("referer")) r.response.writeln("cookie:", h.get("cookie")) r.response.writeln(r.cookie.map()) }) // 模拟登陆 system := s.group("/system") // 登陆接口 system.post("/login", func(r *ghttp.request) { if "admin" == r.getstring("username") && "123456" == r.getstring("password") { token = guuid.new().string() r.response.writejson(g.map{ "code": 0, "data": token, }) r.exit() } r.response.writejson(g.map{ "code": -1, "data": "", }) }) // 获取用户信息 system.post("/user/info", func(r *ghttp.request) { if token != r.header.get("token") || token == "" { r.response.writejson(g.map{ "code": -1, "data": "", }) r.exit() } // 返回用户信息 r.response.writejson(g.map{ "code": 0, "data": "zhangsan", }) }) // 获取用户年龄 system.post("/user/age", func(r *ghttp.request) { if token != r.header.get("token") || token == "" { r.response.writejson(g.map{ "code": -1, "data": "", }) r.exit() } // 返回用户信息 r.response.writejson(g.map{ "code": 0, "data": 11, }) }) s.setport(80) s.run() }
代码地址
github:
gitee:
教程视频
bilibili教程地址:https://www.bilibili.com/video/bv12v411f7ab/
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