HTTP和MQTT协议实践
程序员文章站
2022-03-20 22:59:58
文章目录一、学习任务二、学习内容1. HTTP协议1.1 读取指定城市的天气预报信息1.2 给指定手机号码发送验证码2. MQTT 协议2.1 安装MQTT服务器和客户端软件一、学习任务实验任务如下:一. 安装Java开发环境和Java IDE编程工具 Eclipse 或 IDEA,基于HTTP协议(严格地说是 “REST接口规范”)读取互联网上web服务网站实现:1)读取指定城市的天气预报信息;2)给指定手机号码发送验证码;提示:参考课堂上给的培训视频和课件资料。二. 学习和熟悉MQTT 协...
一、学习任务
实验任务如下:
一. 安装Java开发环境和Java IDE编程工具 Eclipse 或 IDEA,基于HTTP协议(严格地说是 “REST接口规范”)读取互联网上web服务网站实现:
1)读取指定城市的天气预报信息;2)给指定手机号码发送验证码;
提示:参考课堂上给的培训视频和课件资料。
二. 学习和熟悉MQTT 协议
1)在本机上安装MQTT服务器和客户端软件,练习消息发布与订阅,比如自定义一个天气预报的消息主题。
提示:可以利用课堂教学资料或网上资源。
2)利用网上提供的MQTT服务,编写MQTT客户端程序(python、java或c#、c/c++, 任意一种编程语言),自定义一个天气预报主题,完成订阅与发布。思考MQTT与前面REST协议的区别。
二、学习内容
1. HTTP协议
1.1 读取指定城市的天气预报信息
使用软件:eclipse
代码如下:
package tianqi;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class tianqi_1 {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
{
URL url = new URL("https://api.jisuapi.com/iqa/query?appkey=62958a3a6ef3c56d&question=重庆天气");
URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String text = br.readLine();
System.out.println(text);
br.close();
}
}
如图:
效果如下:
1.2 给指定手机号码发送验证码
代码如下:
HttpClientUtil.java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.DefaultHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.util.PublicSuffixMatcher;
import org.apache.http.conn.util.PublicSuffixMatcherLoader;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
public class HttpClientUtil {
private RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setSocketTimeout(15000)
.setConnectTimeout(15000)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(15000)
.build();
private static HttpClientUtil instance = null;
private HttpClientUtil(){}
public static HttpClientUtil getInstance(){
if (instance == null) {
instance = new HttpClientUtil();
}
return instance;
}
/**
* 发送 post请求
* @param httpUrl 地址
*/
public String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl) {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost
return sendHttpPost(httpPost,"utf-8");
}
/**
* 发送 post请求
* @param httpUrl 地址
* @param maps 参数
* @param type 字符编码格式
*/
public String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl, Map<String, String> maps,String type) {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost
// 创建参数队列
List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
for (String key : maps.keySet()) {
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, maps.get(key)));
}
try {
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, type));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return sendHttpPost(httpPost,type);
}
/**
* 发送Post请求
* @param httpPost
* @return
*/
private String sendHttpPost(HttpPost httpPost,String reponseType) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
HttpEntity entity = null;
String responseContent = null;
try {
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 执行请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
entity = response.getEntity();
responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, reponseType);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
if (httpClient != null) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return responseContent;
}
/**
* 发送 get请求
* @param httpUrl
*/
public String sendHttpGet(String httpUrl) {
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(httpUrl);// 创建get请求
return sendHttpGet(httpGet);
}
/**
* 发送 get请求Https
* @param httpUrl
*/
public String sendHttpsGet(String httpUrl) {
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(httpUrl);// 创建get请求
return sendHttpsGet(httpGet);
}
/**
* @Title: sendMsgUtf8
* @Description: TODO(发送utf8)
* @param: @param Uid
* @param: @param Key
* @param: @param content
* @param: @param mobiles
* @param: @return
* @date: 2017-3-22 下午5:58:07
* @throws
*/
@SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
public int sendMsgUtf8(String Uid,String Key,String content,String mobiles){
Map maps = new HashMap();
maps.put("Uid", Uid);
maps.put("Key", Key);
maps.put("smsMob", mobiles);
maps.put("smsText", content);
String result = sendHttpPost("http://utf8.sms.webchinese.cn", maps, "utf-8");
return Integer.parseInt(result);
}
/**
* @Title: sendMsgUtf8
* @Description: TODO(发送utf8)
* @param: @param Uid
* @param: @param Key
* @param: @param content
* @param: @param mobiles
* @param: @return
* @return: int
* @author: ly
* @date: 2017-3-22 下午5:58:07
* @throws
*/
@SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
public int sendMsgGbk(String Uid,String Key,String content,String mobiles){
Map maps = new HashMap();
maps.put("Uid", Uid);
maps.put("Key", Key);
maps.put("smsMob", mobiles);
maps.put("smsText", content);
String result = sendHttpPost("http://gbk.sms.webchinese.cn", maps, "gbk");
return Integer.parseInt(result);
}
/**
* 发送Get请求
* @param httpPost
* @return
*/
private String sendHttpGet(HttpGet httpGet) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
HttpEntity entity = null;
String responseContent = null;
try {
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 执行请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
entity = response.getEntity();
responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
if (httpClient != null) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return responseContent;
}
/**
* 发送Get请求Https
* @param httpPost
* @return
*/
private String sendHttpsGet(HttpGet httpGet) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
HttpEntity entity = null;
String responseContent = null;
try {
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
PublicSuffixMatcher publicSuffixMatcher = PublicSuffixMatcherLoader.load(new URL(httpGet.getURI().toString()));
DefaultHostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = new DefaultHostnameVerifier(publicSuffixMatcher);
httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLHostnameVerifier(hostnameVerifier).build();
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 执行请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
entity = response.getEntity();
responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
if (httpClient != null) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return responseContent;
}
/**
* @Title: getErrorMsg
* @Description: TODO(返回异常原因)
* @param: @param errorCode
*/
public String getErrorMsg(int errorCode){
if(errorCode==-1){
return "没有该用户账户";
}else if(errorCode==-2){
return "接口密钥不正确";
}else if(errorCode==-3){
return "短信数量不足";
}else if(errorCode==-4){
return "手机号格式不正确";
}else if(errorCode==-21){
return "MD5接口密钥加密不正确";
}else if(errorCode==-11){
return "该用户被禁用";
}else if(errorCode==-14){
return "短信内容出现非法字符";
}else if(errorCode==-41){
return "手机号码为空";
}else if(errorCode==-42){
return "短信内容为空";
}else if(errorCode==-51){
return "短信签名格式不正确";
}else if(errorCode==-6){
return "IP限制";
}else{
return "未知错误码:"+errorCode;
}
}
}
test.java
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @Title: http://www.smschinese.cn/api.shtml
* @date 2011-3-22
* @version V1.2
*/
public class test {
//用户名
private static String Uid = "wdw123";
//接口安全秘钥
private static String Key = "接口秘钥";
//手机号码,多个号码如13800000000,13800000001,13800000002
private static String smsMob = "接收短信号码";
//短信内容格式如下
private static String smsText = "【XXX(中文)】验证码:XXX";
public static void main(String[] args) {
HttpClientUtil client = HttpClientUtil.getInstance();
//UTF发送
int result = client.sendMsgUtf8(Uid, Key, smsText, smsMob);
if(result>0){
System.out.println("UTF8成功发送条数=="+result);
}else{
System.out.println(client.getErrorMsg(result));
}
}
}
效果如下:
2. MQTT 协议
2.1 安装MQTT服务器和客户端软件
2.1.1 下载安装MQTT服务器
MTPP服务器下载地址
2.1.2 下载安装MQTT客户端
MQTT客户端
本文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/bawei939/article/details/112195206
上一篇: MySQL 锁的相关知识总结
下一篇: Extjs根据条件设置表格某行背景色示例