mysql数据库备份设置延时备份方法(mysql主从配置)
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2024-04-03 12:28:34
一 为什么需要延时备份percona-xtrabackup是一个优秀的用于增量备份的工具。今天我们讲到的延时备份也是使用他们的产品。以前在mysql ab复制一文中提到了a...
一 为什么需要延时备份
percona-xtrabackup是一个优秀的用于增量备份的工具。今天我们讲到的延时备份也是使用他们的产品。
以前在mysql ab复制一文中提到了ab复制。我们首先回顾下mysql复制的相关要点。ab复制又称主从复制，实现的是数据同步。经过以下步骤：
1)主服务器把数据更改记录到二进制日志中，这个操作叫做二进制日志事件；
2)从服务器把主服务器的二进制日志事件拷贝到自己的中继日志（relay log）中；
3)从服务器执行中继日志中的事件，把更改应用到自己的数据上。
在生产中，我们在使用 mysql ab 复制技术不但可以起到数据库层面负载均衡的能力，还可以起到备份数据的功能，但有的时候我们可能由于不小心误操作导致数据被删除，这这个时候 slave服务器上的数据也会同时被删除，如果我们能够能是的其中的一台 slave 延时备份的话， 这样就可以从 slave服务器上找回被误删的数据了。
从服务器到主服务器中拷贝二进制日志文件，如果在并发量高，网络延时严重的情况下，会对主服务器造成相当大的压力，负载高，必定会出现很多问题，比如访问延迟，io瓶颈，网络拥塞等等。服务器压力过大是我们都不愿看到的情况，那有没有方案缓解这种情况呢？有，这就是本文讲到的延时备份。延时备份通过第三方工具，将检查同步和真正同步的时间控制在一定的范围内，而不是主服务器数据发生变化，从服务器立即去同步二进制事件到自己的中继日志中，这样的话可以大大减轻主服务器的压力，并且基于ab复制的优点，可以达到备份数据的目的。
环境简介
serv01：主服务器 192.168.1.11serv01.host.com
serv08：及时同步服务器 192.168.1.18serv01.host.com
serv09：延时同步服务器 192.168.1.19serv08.host.com
操作系统版本
rhel server6.1 64位系统
使用到的软件包版本
mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
percona-toolkit-2.1.7-1.noarch.rpm
第一步，搭建环境。修改配置文件，注意每台的server-id不一致；
复制代码 代码如下:
[root@serv01 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep server-id
server-id = 1
#server-id = 2
[root@serv01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
starting mysql success!
[root@serv08 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep server-id
server-id = 2
#server-id = 2
[root@serv08 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
starting mysql success!
[root@serv09 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep server-id
server-id = 3
#server-id = 2
[root@serv09 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
starting mysql success!
第二步，serv01serv08 serv09清空日志
复制代码 代码如下:
serv01
mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| log_name | file_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 683 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> reset master;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| log_name | file_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 107 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
serv08
mysql> reset master;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| log_name | file_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 107 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
serv09
mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| log_name | file_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 107 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> reset master;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| log_name | file_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 107 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
第三步，主服务器serv01创建授权用户
复制代码 代码如下:
mysql> grant replication client, replication slave on *.* to 'larry'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'larry';
第四步，serv08修改master设置，开启slave，查看slave状态
复制代码 代码如下:
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.11',
-> master_user='larry',
-> master_password='larry',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=107;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> start slave;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status g;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
slave_io_state: waiting for master to send event
master_host: 192.168.1.11
master_user: larry
master_port: 3306
connect_retry: 60
master_log_file: mysql-bin.000001
read_master_log_pos: 107
relay_log_file: serv08-relay-bin.000002
relay_log_pos: 253
relay_master_log_file: mysql-bin.000001
slave_io_running: yes
slave_sql_running: yes
replicate_do_db:
replicate_ignore_db:
replicate_do_table:
replicate_ignore_table:
replicate_wild_do_table:
replicate_wild_ignore_table:
last_errno: 0
last_error:
skip_counter: 0
exec_master_log_pos: 107
relay_log_space: 410
until_condition: none
until_log_file:
until_log_pos: 0
master_ssl_allowed: no
master_ssl_ca_file:
master_ssl_ca_path:
master_ssl_cert:
master_ssl_cipher:
master_ssl_key:
seconds_behind_master: 0
master_ssl_verify_server_cert: no
last_io_errno: 0
last_io_error:
last_sql_errno: 0
last_sql_error:
replicate_ignore_server_ids:
master_server_id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
error:
no query specified
第五步，serv09延时服务器修改master状态，开启slave，查看slave状态
复制代码 代码如下:
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.11', master_user='larry', master_password='larry', master_port=3306, master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', master_log_pos=107;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> start slave;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status g;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
slave_io_state: waiting for master to send event
master_host: 192.168.1.11
master_user: larry
master_port: 3306
connect_retry: 60
master_log_file: mysql-bin.000001
read_master_log_pos: 107
relay_log_file: serv09-relay-bin.000002
relay_log_pos: 253
relay_master_log_file: mysql-bin.000001
slave_io_running: yes
slave_sql_running: yes
replicate_do_db:
replicate_ignore_db:
replicate_do_table:
replicate_ignore_table:
replicate_wild_do_table:
replicate_wild_ignore_table:
last_errno: 0
last_error:
skip_counter: 0
exec_master_log_pos: 107
relay_log_space: 410
until_condition: none
until_log_file:
until_log_pos: 0
master_ssl_allowed: no
master_ssl_ca_file:
master_ssl_ca_path:
master_ssl_cert:
master_ssl_cipher:
master_ssl_key:
seconds_behind_master: 0
master_ssl_verify_server_cert: no
last_io_errno: 0
last_io_error:
last_sql_errno: 0
last_sql_error:
replicate_ignore_server_ids:
master_server_id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
error:
no query specified
第六步，在没有使用延时服务器时，serv01创建测试数据库，可以看到同步服务器serv08和延时服务器serv09已经同步了
复制代码 代码如下:
serv01
mysql> create database justdb;
query ok, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| crm |
| justdb |
| larry |
| larrydb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
serv08
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| justdb |
| larrydb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.03 sec)
serv09
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| justdb |
| larry |
| larrydb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
第七步，拷贝percona-toolkit-2.1.7-1.noarch.rpm
复制代码 代码如下:
[root@larrywen ule-mysql]# scp percona-toolkit-2.1.7-1.noarch.rpm 192.168.1.11:/opt
root@192.168.1.11's password:
percona-toolkit-2.1.7-1.noarch.rpm 100% 1767kb 1.7mb/s 00:00
第八步，主服务器中通过yum安装percona-toolkit-2.1.7-1.noarch.rpm
复制代码 代码如下:
[root@serv01 opt]# yum install percona-toolkit-2.1.7-1.noarch.rpm -y
第九步，使用pt-slave-delay工具进行延时设置。可以先查看帮助。
复制代码 代码如下:
[root@serv01 opt]# pt-slave-delay --help
pt-slave-delay starts and stops a slave server as needed to make it lag behind
the master. the slave-host and master-host use dsn syntax, and values are
copied from the slave-host to the master-host if omitted. for more details,
please use the --help option, or try 'perldoc /usr/bin/pt-slave-delay' for
complete documentation.
usage: pt-slave-delay [option...] slave-host [master-host]
options:
--ask-pass prompt for a password when connecting to mysql
--charset=s -a default character set
--config=a read this comma-separated list of config files; if
specified, this must be the first option on the command
line
--[no]continue continue replication normally on exit (default yes)
--daemonize fork to the background and detach from the shell
--database=s -d the database to use for the connection
--defaults-file=s -f only read mysql options from the given file
--delay=m how far the slave should lag its master (default 1h).
optional suffix s=seconds, m=minutes, h=hours, d=days;
if no suffix, s is used.
--help show help and exit
--host=s -h connect to host
--interval=m how frequently pt-slave-delay should check whether the
slave needs to be started or stopped (default 1m).
optional suffix s=seconds, m=minutes, h=hours, d=days;
if no suffix, s is used.
--log=s print all output to this file when daemonized
--password=s -p password to use when connecting
--pid=s create the given pid file when daemonized
--port=i -p port number to use for connection
--quiet -q don't print informational messages about operation
--run-time=m how long pt-slave-delay should run before exiting.
optional suffix s=seconds, m=minutes, h=hours, d=days;
if no suffix, s is used.
--set-vars=s set these mysql variables (default wait_timeout=10000)
--socket=s -s socket file to use for connection
--use-master get binlog positions from master, not slave
--user=s -u user for login if not current user
--version show version and exit
--version-check=s send program versions to percona and print suggested
upgrades and problems (default off)
option types: s=string, i=integer, f=float, h/h/a/a=comma-separated list, d=dsn, z=size, m=time
rules:
this tool accepts additional command-line arguments. refer to the synopsis and usage information for details.
dsn syntax is key=value[,key=value...] allowable dsn keys:
key copy meaning
=== ==== =============================================
a yes default character set
d yes default database
f yes only read default options from the given file
p yes port number to use for connection
s yes socket file to use for connection
h yes connect to host
p yes password to use when connecting
u yes user for login if not current user
if the dsn is a bareword, the word is treated as the 'h' key.
options and values after processing arguments:
--ask-pass false
--charset (no value)
--config /etc/percona-toolkit/percona-toolkit.conf,/etc/percona-toolkit/pt-slave-delay.conf,/root/.percona-toolkit.conf,/root/.pt-slave-delay.conf
--continue true
--daemonize false
--database (no value)
--defaults-file (no value)
--delay 3600
--help true
--host (no value)
--interval 60
--log (no value)
--password (no value)
--pid (no value)
--port (no value)
--quiet false
--run-time (no value)
--set-vars wait_timeout=10000
--socket (no value)
--use-master false
--user (no value)
--version false
--version-check off
第十步，serv09延时服务器中创建授权用户
复制代码 代码如下:
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'larry';
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
第十一步，实现功能。
复制代码 代码如下:
[root@serv01 ~]# pt-slave-delay --user='rep' --password='larry' --delay=3m --interval=20s --run-time=30m 192.168.1.19
2013-10-06t19:43:30 slave running 0 seconds behind
2013-10-06t19:43:30 stop slave until 2013-10-06t19:46:30 at master position mysql-bin.000001/199
<strong>命令解释</strong>
--user='rep'：延时服务器中授权用户的用户名，这里设置为rep
--password='larry'：延时服务器中授权用户的密码，这里设置为larry
--delay=3m：延时同步的时间，这里设置为3分钟
--interval=20s：检查同步的时间，这里设置为20s
--run-time=30m：pt-slave-delay的运行时间，这里设置为30分钟
192.168.1.19：延时服务器的ip地址
第十二步，测试，主服务器serv01创建测试数据库，可以发现同步服务器立马更新，而延时同步服务器要等3分钟之后才更新
复制代码 代码如下:
serv01
mysql> use justdb;
database changed
mysql> create table test(id int);
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into test values(1);
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
serv08
mysql> select * from justdb.test;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
serv09
mysql> select * from justdb.test;
error 1146 (42s02): table 'justdb.test' doesn't exist
三分钟过后查看延时服务器已经同步成功
[root@serv01 ~]# pt-slave-delay --user='rep' --password='larry' --delay=3m --interval=20s --run-time=30m 192.168.1.19
2013-10-06t19:43:30 slave running 0 seconds behind
2013-10-06t19:43:30 stop slave until 2013-10-06t19:46:30 at master position mysql-bin.000001/199
2013-10-06t19:43:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/199
2013-10-06t19:44:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/199
2013-10-06t19:44:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:44:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:45:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:45:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:45:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:46:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:46:30 no new binlog events
2013-10-06t19:46:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:47:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:47:30 start slave until master 2013-10-06t19:44:30 mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:47:50 slave running 0 seconds behind
2013-10-06t19:47:50 stop slave until 2013-10-06t19:50:50 at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:48:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:48:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:48:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:49:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:49:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:49:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:50:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:50:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:50:50 no new binlog events
2013-10-06t19:51:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:51:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:51:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:52:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:52:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:52:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:53:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:53:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:53:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:54:10 no new binlog events
2013-10-06t19:54:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:54:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:55:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:55:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:55:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:56:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:56:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:56:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:57:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:57:30 no new binlog events
2013-10-06t19:57:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:58:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:58:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:58:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:59:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:59:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t19:59:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:00:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:00:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:00:50 no new binlog events
2013-10-06t20:01:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:01:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:01:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:02:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:02:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:02:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:03:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:03:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:03:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:04:10 no new binlog events
2013-10-06t20:04:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:04:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:05:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:05:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:05:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:06:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:06:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:06:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:07:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:07:30 no new binlog events
2013-10-06t20:07:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:08:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:08:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:08:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:09:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:09:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:09:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:10:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:10:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:10:50 no new binlog events
2013-10-06t20:11:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:11:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:11:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:12:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:12:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:12:50 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:13:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:13:30 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000001/492
2013-10-06t20:13:30 setting slave to run normally
mysql> select * from justdb.test;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
四 附延时备份脚本
复制代码 代码如下:
#!/bin/bash
#
# chkconfig: - 88 12
# description: the mysql ab delay scripts
host=192.168.100.54
user=rep
password=larry
delay=2m
in=15s
prog=/usr/bin/pt-slave-delay
. /etc/init.d/functions
start() {
echo -n "starting `basename $prog`..."
daemon $prog --host=$host --user=$user --password=$password --delay=$delay --interval=$in --daemonize --log=/var/log/mysql-delay.log
echo
}
stop() {
echo -n "stopping `basename $prog`..."
killproc $prog
echo
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
stop)
stop
restart)
stop
start
*)
echo "usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
exit 1
esac
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