php微信开发之自定义菜单完整流程
一、自定义菜单概述
自定义菜单能够帮助公众号丰富界面,让用户更好更快地理解公众号的功能。开启自定义菜单后,公众号界面如图所示:
二、申请自定义菜单
个人订阅号使用微博认证、企业订阅号通过微信认证;可以申请到自定义菜单资格
服务号默认有菜单权限。
三、获得appid 和appsecert
appid和appsecret在开发者中心-开发者id中,可以找到。
四、获得access token
用appid和appsecert获得access token,接口为
https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bi ... mp;secret=appsecret
程序实现如下
$appid = ""; $appsecret = ""; $url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=$appid&secret=$appsecret"; $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, curlopt_url, $url); curl_setopt($ch, curlopt_ssl_verifypeer, false); curl_setopt($ch, curlopt_ssl_verifyhost, false); curl_setopt($ch, curlopt_returntransfer, 1); $output = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); $jsoninfo = json_decode($output, true); $access_token = $jsoninfo["access_token"];
你也可以直接在浏览器地址栏中,拼接出地址,执行后,获得如下数据
参数说明如下
其中的
n2l7kxa084wvelonyjkj_trabmccvy_ukmpuuzlrq0ea2ynp3iz6esurrg0bhar_viswd50vdupky5ng43d1gbm-olt2krmxosve08rfed9lvk9lmgung9kpikkgzejif8jv2m9ffhf8bnna-yqh3g
就是access token。
或者使用官方的接口调试工具,地址为:
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/apiinfo?t=index&type=%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e8%8f%9c%e5%8d%95&form=%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e8%8f%9c%e5%8d%95%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%20/menu/create
使用网页调试工具调试自定义菜单接口
点击检查问题得,得到
这样也获得了access token
五、组织菜单内容
目前自定义菜单最多包括3个一级菜单,每个一级菜单最多包含5个二级菜单。一级菜单最多4个汉字,二级菜单最多7个汉字,多出来的部分将会以“...”代 替。请注意,创建自定义菜单后,由于微信客户端缓存,需要24小时微信客户端才会展现出来。建议测试时可以尝试取消关注公众账号后再次关注,则可以看到创 建后的效果。
目前自定义菜单接口可实现两种类型按钮,如下:
click:
用户点击click类型按钮后,微信服务器会通过消息接口推送消息类型为event 的结构给开发者(参考消息接口指南),并且带上按钮中开发者填写的key值,开发者可以通过自定义的key值与用户进行交互;
view:
用户点击view类型按钮后,微信客户端将会打开开发者在按钮中填写的url值 (即网页链接),达到打开网页的目的,建议与网页授权获取用户基本信息接口结合,获得用户的登入个人信息。
接口调用请求说明
http请求方式:post(请使用https协议) https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bi ... _token=access_token
请求示例
{ "button":[ { "type":"click", "name":"今日歌曲", "key":"v1001_today_music" }, { "type":"click", "name":"歌手简介", "key":"v1001_today_singer" }, { "name":"菜单", "sub_button":[ { "type":"view", "name":"搜索", "url":"http://www.soso.com/" }, { "type":"view", "name":"视频", "url":"http://v.qq.com/" }, { "type":"click", "name":"赞一下我们", "key":"v1001_good" }] }] }
参数说明
返回结果
正确时的返回json数据包如下:
{"errcode":0,"errmsg":"ok"}
错误时的返回json数据包如下(示例为无效菜单名长度):
{"errcode":40018,"errmsg":"invalid button name size"}
六、提交菜单内容给服务器
菜单的json结构为
{"button": [{"name":"天气预报","sub_button":[{"type":"click","name":"北京天气","key":"天气北 京"}, {"type":"click","name":"上海天气","key":"天气上海"}, {"type":"click","name":" 广州天气","key":"天气广州"},{"type":"click","name":"深圳天气","key":"天气深圳"}, {"type":"view","name":"本地天气","url":"http://m.hao123.com/a/tianqi"}]}, {"name":"方倍工作室","sub_button":[{"type":"click","name":"公司简 介","key":"company"}, {"type":"click","name":"趣味游戏","key":"游戏"}, {"type":"click","name":"讲个笑话","key":"笑话"}]}]}
将以下代码保存为menu.php,并且在浏览器中运行该文件(比如 http://127.0.0.1/menu.php),将直接向微信服务器提交菜单
php $access_token = ""; $jsonmenu = '{ "button":[ { "name":"天气预报", "sub_button":[ { "type":"click", "name":"北京天气", "key":"天气北京" }, { "type":"click", "name":"上海天气", "key":"天气上海" }, { "type":"click", "name":"广州天气", "key":"天气广州" }, { "type":"click", "name":"深圳天气", "key":"天气深圳" }, { "type":"view", "name":"本地天气", "url":"http://m.hao123.com/a/tianqi" }] }, { "name":"瑞雪", "sub_button":[ { "type":"click", "name":"公司简介", "key":"company" }, { "type":"click", "name":"趣味游戏", "key":"游戏" }, { "type":"click", "name":"讲个笑话", "key":"笑话" }] }] }'; $url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=".$access_token; $result = https_request($url, $jsonmenu); var_dump($result); function https_request($url,$data = null){ $curl = curl_init(); curl_setopt($curl, curlopt_url, $url); curl_setopt($curl, curlopt_ssl_verifypeer, false); curl_setopt($curl, curlopt_ssl_verifyhost, false); if (!empty($data)){ curl_setopt($curl, curlopt_post, 1); curl_setopt($curl, curlopt_postfields, $data); } curl_setopt($curl, curlopt_returntransfer, 1); $output = curl_exec($curl); curl_close($curl); return $output; } ?>
或者使用官方的调试接口 使用网页调试工具调试该接口
提交成功后,重新关注后即可看到菜单。菜单效果类似如下:
七、响应菜单点击事件
在消息接口中处理event事件,其中的click代表菜单点击,通过响应菜单结构中的key值回应消息,view事件无须响应,将直接跳转过去
define("token", "weixin"); $wechatobj = new wechatcallbackapitest(); if (!isset($_get['echostr'])) { $wechatobj->responsemsg(); }else{ $wechatobj->valid(); } class wechatcallbackapitest { public function valid() { $echostr = $_get["echostr"]; if($this->checksignature()){ echo $echostr; exit; } } private function checksignature() { $signature = $_get["signature"]; $timestamp = $_get["timestamp"]; $nonce = $_get["nonce"]; $token = token; $tmparr = array($token, $timestamp, $nonce); sort($tmparr); $tmpstr = implode( $tmparr ); $tmpstr = sha1( $tmpstr ); if( $tmpstr == $signature ){ return true; }else{ return false; } } public function responsemsg() { $poststr = $globals["http_raw_post_data"]; if (!empty($poststr)){ $postobj = simplexml_load_string($poststr, 'simplexmlelement', libxml_nocdata); $rx_type = trim($postobj->msgtype); switch ($rx_type) { case "text": $resultstr = $this->receivetext($postobj); break; case "event": $resultstr = $this->receiveevent($postobj); break; default: $resultstr = ""; break; } echo $resultstr; }else { echo ""; exit; } } private function receivetext($object) { $funcflag = 0; $contentstr = "你发送的内容为:".$object->content; $resultstr = $this->transmittext($object, $contentstr, $funcflag); return $resultstr; } private function receiveevent($object) { $contentstr = ""; switch ($object->event) { case "subscribe": $contentstr = "欢迎洋洋博客"; case "unsubscribe": break; case "click": switch ($object->eventkey) { case "company": $contentstr[] = array("title" =>"公司简介", "description" =>"洋洋的博客", "picurl" =>"http://discuz.comli.com/weixin/weather/icon/cartoon.jpg", "url" =>"weixin://addfriend/pondbaystudio"); break; default: $contentstr[] = array("title" =>"默认菜单回复", "description" =>"您正在使用的是<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">洋洋的博客</span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">", </span> "picurl" =>"http://discuz.comli.com/weixin/weather/icon/cartoon.jpg", "url" =>"weixin://addfriend/pondbaystudio"); break; } break; default: break; } if (is_array($contentstr)){ $resultstr = $this->transmitnews($object, $contentstr); }else{ $resultstr = $this->transmittext($object, $contentstr); } return $resultstr; } private function transmittext($object, $content, $funcflag = 0) { $texttpl = "<xml> <tousername><![cdata[%s]]></tousername> <fromusername><![cdata[%s]]></fromusername> <createtime>%s</createtime> <msgtype><![cdata[text]]></msgtype> <content><![cdata[%s]]></content> <funcflag>%d</funcflag> </xml>"; $resultstr = sprintf($texttpl, $object->fromusername, $object->tousername, time(), $content, $funcflag); return $resultstr; } private function transmitnews($object, $arr_item, $funcflag = 0) { //首条标题28字,其他标题39字 if(!is_array($arr_item)) return; $itemtpl = " <item> <title><![cdata[%s]]></title> <description><![cdata[%s]]></description> <picurl><![cdata[%s]]></picurl> <url><![cdata[%s]]></url> </item> "; $item_str = ""; foreach ($arr_item as $item) $item_str .= sprintf($itemtpl, $item['title'], $item['description'], $item['picurl'], $item['url']); $newstpl = "<xml> <tousername><![cdata[%s]]></tousername> <fromusername><![cdata[%s]]></fromusername> <createtime>%s</createtime> <msgtype><![cdata[news]]></msgtype> <content><![cdata[]]></content> <articlecount>%s</articlecount> <articles> $item_str</articles> <funcflag>%s</funcflag> </xml>"; $resultstr = sprintf($newstpl, $object->fromusername, $object->tousername, time(), count($arr_item), $funcflag); return $resultstr; } } ?>
八、菜单中获取openid
由于菜单中只能填写固定的url地址,对于想要菜单中获取用户的openid的情况,可以使用oauth2.0授权的方式来实现。
url中填写的地址为一个固定的回调地址。原理方法可以参考 微信公众平台开发(99) 自定义菜单获取openid
<?php /* 洋洋的博客 */ define("token", "weixin"); $wechatobj = new wechatcallbackapitest(); if (isset($_get['echostr'])) { $wechatobj->valid(); }else{ $wechatobj->responsemsg(); } class wechatcallbackapitest { public function valid() { $echostr = $_get["echostr"]; if($this->checksignature()){ header('content-type:text'); echo $echostr; exit; } } private function checksignature() { $signature = $_get["signature"]; $timestamp = $_get["timestamp"]; $nonce = $_get["nonce"]; $token = token; $tmparr = array($token, $timestamp, $nonce); sort($tmparr, sort_string); $tmpstr = implode( $tmparr ); $tmpstr = sha1( $tmpstr ); if( $tmpstr == $signature ){ return true; }else{ return false; } } public function responsemsg() { $poststr = $globals["http_raw_post_data"]; if (!empty($poststr)){ $postobj = simplexml_load_string($poststr, 'simplexmlelement', libxml_nocdata); $fromusername = $postobj->fromusername; $tousername = $postobj->tousername; $keyword = trim($postobj->content); $time = time(); $texttpl = "<xml> <tousername><![cdata[%s]]></tousername> <fromusername><![cdata[%s]]></fromusername> <createtime>%s</createtime> <msgtype><![cdata[%s]]></msgtype> <content><![cdata[%s]]></content> <funcflag>0</funcflag> </xml>"; if($keyword == "?" || $keyword == "?") { $msgtype = "text"; $contentstr = '当前时间是:'.date("y-m-d h:i:s",time()); $resultstr = sprintf($texttpl, $fromusername, $tousername, $time, $msgtype, $contentstr); echo $resultstr; } }else{ echo ""; exit; } } } ?>
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