Jedis对redis的五大类型操作代码详解

本篇主要阐述jedis对redis的五大类型的操作：字符串、列表、散列、集合、有序集合。

jedisutil

这里的测试用例采用junit4进行运行，准备代码如下：

private static final string ipaddr = "10.10.195.112";
private static final int port = 6379;
private static jedis jedis= null;
@beforeclass
  public static void init()
  {
	jedis = jedisutil.getinstance().getjedis(ipaddr, port);
}
@afterclass
  public static void close()
  {
	jedisutil.getinstance().closejedis(jedis,ipaddr, port);
}

其中jedisutil是对jedis做的简单封装，代码如下：

import org.apache.log4j.logger;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.map;
import redis.clients.jedis.jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.jedispool;
import redis.clients.jedis.jedispoolconfig;
public class jedisutil
{
	private logger logger = logger.getlogger(this.getclass().getname());
	private jedisutil(){
	}
	private static class redisutilholder{
		private static final jedisutil instance = new jedisutil();
	}
	public static jedisutil getinstance(){
		return redisutilholder.instance;
	}
	private static map<string,jedispool> maps = new hashmap<string,jedispool>();
	private static jedispool getpool(string ip, int port){
		string key = ip+":"+port;
		jedispool pool = null;
		if(!maps.containskey(key))
		    {
			jedispoolconfig config = new jedispoolconfig();
			config.setmaxactive(redisconfig.max_active);
			config.setmaxidle(redisconfig.max_idle);
			config.setmaxwait(redisconfig.max_wait);
			config.settestonborrow(true);
			config.settestonreturn(true);
			pool = new jedispool(config,ip,port,redisconfig.timeout);
			maps.put(key, pool);
		} else
		    {
			pool = maps.get(key);
		}
		return pool;
	}
	public jedis getjedis(string ip, int port)
	  {
		jedis jedis = null;
		int count = 0;
		do
		    {
			try
			      {
				jedis = getpool(ip,port).getresource();
			}
			catch (exception e)
			      {
				logger.error("get redis master1 failed!",e);
				getpool(ip,port).returnbrokenresource(jedis);
			}
		}
		while(jedis == null && count<redisconfig.retry_num);
		return jedis;
	}
	public void closejedis(jedis jedis, string ip, int port){
		if(jedis != null)
		    {
			getpool(ip,port).returnresource(jedis);
		}
	}
}
public class redisconfig
{
	//可用连接实例的最大数目，默认值为8；
	//如果赋值为-1，则表示不限制；如果pool已经分配了maxactive个jedis实例，则此时pool的状态为exhausted(耗尽)。
	public static int max_active = 1024;
	//控制一个pool最多有多少个状态为idle(空闲的)的jedis实例，默认值也是8。
	public static int max_idle = 200;
	//等待可用连接的最大时间，单位毫秒，默认值为-1，表示永不超时。如果超过等待时间，则直接抛出jedisconnectionexception；
	public static int max_wait = 10000;
	public static int timeout = 10000;
	public static int retry_num = 5;
}

键操作

@test public void testkey() throws interruptedexception
  {
    system.out.println("清空数据："+jedis.flushdb());
    system.out.println("判断某个键是否存在："+jedis.exists("username"));
    system.out.println("新增<'username','zzh'>的键值对："+jedis.set("username", "zzh"));
    system.out.println(jedis.exists("name"));
    system.out.println("新增<'password','password'>的键值对："+jedis.set("password", "password"));
    system.out.print("系统中所有的键如下：");
    set<string> keys = jedis.keys("*");
    system.out.println(keys);
    system.out.println("删除键password:"+jedis.del("password"));
    system.out.println("判断键password是否存在："+jedis.exists("password"));
    system.out.println("设置键username的过期时间为5s:"+jedis.expire("username", 5));
    timeunit.seconds.sleep(2);
    system.out.println("查看键username的剩余生存时间："+jedis.ttl("username"));
    system.out.println("移除键username的生存时间："+jedis.persist("username"));
    system.out.println("查看键username的剩余生存时间："+jedis.ttl("username"));
    system.out.println("查看键username所存储的值的类型："+jedis.type("username"));
  }

输出结果：

清空数据：ok
判断某个键是否存在：false
新增<'username','zzh'>的键值对：ok
false
新增<'password','password'>的键值对：ok
系统中所有的键如下：[username, password]
删除键password:1
判断键password是否存在：false
设置键username的过期时间为5s:1
查看键username的剩余生存时间：3
移除键username的生存时间：1
查看键username的剩余生存时间：-1
查看键username所存储的值的类型：string

字符串操作

在redis里面，字符串可以存储三种类型的值：

字节串(byte string)
整数
浮点数
字节串

@test public void teststring() throws interruptedexception
 {
	jedis.flushdb();
	system.out.println("===========增加数据===========");
	system.out.println(jedis.set("key1","value1"));
	system.out.println(jedis.set("key2","value2"));
	system.out.println(jedis.set("key3", "value3"));
	system.out.println("删除键key2:"+jedis.del("key2"));
	system.out.println("获取键key2:"+jedis.get("key2"));
	system.out.println("修改key1:"+jedis.set("key1", "value1changed"));
	system.out.println("获取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));
	system.out.println("在key3后面加入值："+jedis.append("key3", "end"));
	system.out.println("key3的值："+jedis.get("key3"));
	system.out.println("增加多个键值对："+jedis.mset("key01","value01","key02","value02","key03","value03"));
	system.out.println("获取多个键值对："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03"));
	system.out.println("获取多个键值对："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03","key04"));
	system.out.println("删除多个键值对："+jedis.del(new string[]{
		"key01","key02"
	}
	));
	system.out.println("获取多个键值对："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03"));
	jedis.flushdb();
	system.out.println("===========新增键值对防止覆盖原先值==============");
	system.out.println(jedis.setnx("key1", "value1"));
	system.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2"));
	system.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2-new"));
	system.out.println(jedis.get("key1"));
	system.out.println(jedis.get("key2"));
	system.out.println("===========新增键值对并设置有效时间=============");
	system.out.println(jedis.setex("key3", 2, "value3"));
	system.out.println(jedis.get("key3"));
	timeunit.seconds.sleep(3);
	system.out.println(jedis.get("key3"));
	system.out.println("===========获取原值，更新为新值==========");
	//getset is an atomic set this value and return the old value command.
	system.out.println(jedis.getset("key2", "key2getset"));
	system.out.println(jedis.get("key2"));
	system.out.println("获得key2的值的字串："+jedis.getrange("key2", 2, 4));
}

输出结果：

===========增加数据===========
ok
ok
ok
删除键key2:1
获取键key2:null
修改key1:ok
获取key1的值：value1changed
在key3后面加入值：9
key3的值：value3end
增加多个键值对：ok
获取多个键值对：[value01, value02, value03]
获取多个键值对：[value01, value02, value03, null]
删除多个键值对：2
获取多个键值对：[null, null, value03]
===========新增键值对防止覆盖原先值==============
1
1
0
value1
value2
===========新增键值对并设置有效时间=============
ok
value3
null
===========获取原值，更新为新值==========
value2
key2getset
获得key2的值的字串：y2g

memcached和redis同样有append的操作，但是memcached有prepend的操作，redis中并没有。

整数和浮点数

@test public void testnumber()
  {
    jedis.flushdb();
    jedis.set("key1", "1");
    jedis.set("key2", "2");
    jedis.set("key3", "2.3");
    system.out.println("key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));
    system.out.println("key2的值："+jedis.get("key2"));
    system.out.println("key1的值加1："+jedis.incr("key1"));
    system.out.println("获取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));
    system.out.println("key2的值减1："+jedis.decr("key2"));
    system.out.println("获取key2的值："+jedis.get("key2"));
    system.out.println("将key1的值加上整数5："+jedis.incrby("key1", 5));
    system.out.println("获取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));
    system.out.println("将key2的值减去整数5："+jedis.decrby("key2", 5));
    system.out.println("获取key2的值："+jedis.get("key2"));
  }

输出结果：

key1的值：1
key2的值：2
key1的值加1：2
获取key1的值：2
key2的值减1：1
获取key2的值：1
将key1的值加上整数5：7
获取key1的值：7
将key2的值减去整数5：-4
获取key2的值：-4

在redis2.6或以上版本中有这个命令：incrbyfloat，即将键存储的值加上浮点数amount，jedis-2.1.0中不支持这一操作。

列表

@test public void testlist()
{
  jedis.flushdb();
  system.out.println("===========添加一个list===========");
  jedis.lpush("collections", "arraylist", "vector", "stack", "hashmap", "weakhashmap", "linkedhashmap");
  jedis.lpush("collections", "hashset");
  jedis.lpush("collections", "treeset");
  jedis.lpush("collections", "treemap");
  system.out.println("collections的内容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));//-1代表倒数第一个元素，-2代表倒数第二个元素
  system.out.println("collections区间0-3的元素："+jedis.lrange("collections",0,3));
  system.out.println("===============================");
  // 删除列表指定的值 ，第二个参数为删除的个数（有重复时），后add进去的值先被删，类似于出栈
  system.out.println("删除指定元素个数："+jedis.lrem("collections", 2, "hashmap"));
  system.out.println("collections的内容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
  system.out.println("删除下表0-3区间之外的元素："+jedis.ltrim("collections", 0, 3));
  system.out.println("collections的内容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
  system.out.println("collections列表出栈（左端）："+jedis.lpop("collections"));
  system.out.println("collections的内容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
  system.out.println("collections添加元素，从列表右端，与lpush相对应："+jedis.rpush("collections", "enummap"));
  system.out.println("collections的内容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
  system.out.println("collections列表出栈（右端）："+jedis.rpop("collections"));
  system.out.println("collections的内容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
  system.out.println("修改collections指定下标1的内容："+jedis.lset("collections", 1, "linkedarraylist"));
  system.out.println("collections的内容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
  system.out.println("===============================");
  system.out.println("collections的长度："+jedis.llen("collections"));
  system.out.println("获取collections下标为2的元素："+jedis.lindex("collections", 2));
  system.out.println("===============================");
  jedis.lpush("sortedlist", "3","6","2","0","7","4");
  system.out.println("sortedlist排序前："+jedis.lrange("sortedlist", 0, -1));
  system.out.println(jedis.sort("sortedlist"));
  system.out.println("sortedlist排序后："+jedis.lrange("sortedlist", 0, -1));
}

输出结果：

===========添加一个list===========
collections的内容：[treemap, treeset, hashset, linkedhashmap, weakhashmap, hashmap, stack, vector, arraylist]
collections区间0-3的元素：[treemap, treeset, hashset, linkedhashmap]
===============================
删除指定元素个数：1
collections的内容：[treemap, treeset, hashset, linkedhashmap, weakhashmap, stack, vector, arraylist]
删除下表0-3区间之外的元素：ok
collections的内容：[treemap, treeset, hashset, linkedhashmap]
collections列表出栈（左端）：treemap
collections的内容：[treeset, hashset, linkedhashmap]
collections添加元素，从列表右端，与lpush相对应：4
collections的内容：[treeset, hashset, linkedhashmap, enummap]
collections列表出栈（右端）：enummap
collections的内容：[treeset, hashset, linkedhashmap]
修改collections指定下标1的内容：ok
collections的内容：[treeset, linkedarraylist, linkedhashmap]
===============================
collections的长度：3
获取collections下标为2的元素：linkedhashmap
===============================
sortedlist排序前：[4, 7, 0, 2, 6, 3]
[0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7]
sortedlist排序后：[4, 7, 0, 2, 6, 3]

redis中还有阻塞式的列表弹出命令以及在列表之间移动元素的命令：blpop, brpop, rpoplpush, brpoplpush等。

集合（set）

@test public void testset()
 {
   jedis.flushdb();
   system.out.println("============向集合中添加元素============");
   system.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleset", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5"));
   system.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleset", "e6"));
   system.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleset", "e6"));
   system.out.println("eleset的所有元素为："+jedis.smembers("eleset"));
   system.out.println("删除一个元素e0："+jedis.srem("eleset", "e0"));
   system.out.println("eleset的所有元素为："+jedis.smembers("eleset"));
   system.out.println("删除两个元素e7和e6："+jedis.srem("eleset", "e7","e6"));
   system.out.println("eleset的所有元素为："+jedis.smembers("eleset"));
   system.out.println("随机的移除集合中的一个元素："+jedis.spop("eleset"));
   system.out.println("随机的移除集合中的一个元素："+jedis.spop("eleset"));
   system.out.println("eleset的所有元素为："+jedis.smembers("eleset"));
   system.out.println("eleset中包含元素的个数："+jedis.scard("eleset"));
   system.out.println("e3是否在eleset中："+jedis.sismember("eleset", "e3"));
   system.out.println("e1是否在eleset中："+jedis.sismember("eleset", "e1"));
   system.out.println("e1是否在eleset中："+jedis.sismember("eleset", "e5"));
   system.out.println("=================================");
   system.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleset1", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5"));
   system.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleset2", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8"));
   system.out.println("将eleset1中删除e1并存入eleset3中："+jedis.smove("eleset1", "eleset3", "e1"));
   system.out.println("将eleset1中删除e2并存入eleset3中："+jedis.smove("eleset1", "eleset3", "e2"));
   system.out.println("eleset1中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleset1"));
   system.out.println("eleset3中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleset3"));
   system.out.println("============集合运算=================");
   system.out.println("eleset1中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleset1"));
   system.out.println("eleset2中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleset2"));
   system.out.println("eleset1和eleset2的交集:"+jedis.sinter("eleset1","eleset2"));
   system.out.println("eleset1和eleset2的并集:"+jedis.sunion("eleset1","eleset2"));
   system.out.println("eleset1和eleset2的差集:"+jedis.sdiff("eleset1","eleset2"));//eleset1中有，eleset2中没有
 }

输出结果：

============向集合中添加元素============
8
1
0
eleset的所有元素为：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e0, e8, e7, e6, e5]
删除一个元素e0：1
eleset的所有元素为：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e8, e7, e6, e5]
删除两个元素e7和e6：2
eleset的所有元素为：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e8, e5]
随机的移除集合中的一个元素：e5
随机的移除集合中的一个元素：e2
eleset的所有元素为：[e3, e4, e1, e8]
eleset中包含元素的个数：4
e3是否在eleset中：true
e1是否在eleset中：true
e1是否在eleset中：false
=================================
8
6
将eleset1中删除e1并存入eleset3中：1
将eleset1中删除e2并存入eleset3中：1
eleset1中的元素：[e3, e4, e0, e8, e7, e5]
eleset3中的元素：[e1, e2]
============集合运算=================
eleset1中的元素：[e3, e4, e0, e8, e7, e5]
eleset2中的元素：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e0, e8]
eleset1和eleset2的交集:[e3, e4, e0, e8]
eleset1和eleset2的并集:[e3, e4, e1, e2, e0, e8, e7, e5]
eleset1和eleset2的差集:[e7, e5]

关于set还有一些其他命令：srandmember, sdiffstore, sinterstore, sunionstore等。

散列

@test public void testhash()
  {
    jedis.flushdb();
    map<string,string> map = new hashmap<>();
    map.put("key1","value1");
    map.put("key2","value2");
    map.put("key3","value3");
    map.put("key4","value4");
    jedis.hmset("hash",map);
    jedis.hset("hash", "key5", "value5");
    system.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为："+jedis.hgetall("hash"));//return map<string,string>
    system.out.println("散列hash的所有键为："+jedis.hkeys("hash"));//return set<string>
    system.out.println("散列hash的所有值为："+jedis.hvals("hash"));//return list<string>
    system.out.println("将key6保存的值加上一个整数，如果key6不存在则添加key6："+jedis.hincrby("hash", "key6", 6));
    system.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为："+jedis.hgetall("hash"));
    system.out.println("将key6保存的值加上一个整数，如果key6不存在则添加key6："+jedis.hincrby("hash", "key6", 3));
    system.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为："+jedis.hgetall("hash"));
    system.out.println("删除一个或者多个键值对："+jedis.hdel("hash", "key2"));
    system.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为："+jedis.hgetall("hash"));
    system.out.println("散列hash中键值对的个数："+jedis.hlen("hash"));
    system.out.println("判断hash中是否存在key2："+jedis.hexists("hash","key2"));
    system.out.println("判断hash中是否存在key3："+jedis.hexists("hash","key3"));
    system.out.println("获取hash中的值："+jedis.hmget("hash","key3"));
    system.out.println("获取hash中的值："+jedis.hmget("hash","key3","key4"));
  }

输出结果：

散列hash的所有键值对为：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key5=value5, key2=value2, key1=value1}
散列hash的所有键为：[key4, key3, key5, key2, key1]
散列hash的所有值为：[value4, value3, value1, value2, value5]
将key6保存的值加上一个整数，如果key6不存在则添加key6：6
散列hash的所有键值对为：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key6=6, key5=value5, key2=value2, key1=value1}
将key6保存的值加上一个整数，如果key6不存在则添加key6：9
散列hash的所有键值对为：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key6=9, key5=value5, key2=value2, key1=value1}
删除一个或者多个键值对：1
散列hash的所有键值对为：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key6=9, key5=value5, key1=value1}
散列hash中键值对的个数：5
判断hash中是否存在key2：false
判断hash中是否存在key3：true
获取hash中的值：[value3]
获取hash中的值：[value3, value4]

有序集合

@test public void testsortedset()
  {
    jedis.flushdb();
    map<double,string> map = new hashmap<>();
    map.put(1.2,"key2");
    map.put(4.0, "key3");
    map.put(5.0,"key4");
    map.put(0.2,"key5");
    system.out.println(jedis.zadd("zset", 3,"key1"));
    system.out.println(jedis.zadd("zset",map));
    system.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1));
    system.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrangewithscores("zset", 0, -1));
    system.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrangebyscore("zset", 0,100));
    system.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrangebyscorewithscores("zset", 0,100));
    system.out.println("zset中key2的分值："+jedis.zscore("zset", "key2"));
    system.out.println("zset中key2的排名："+jedis.zrank("zset", "key2"));
    system.out.println("删除zset中的元素key3："+jedis.zrem("zset", "key3"));
    system.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1));
    system.out.println("zset中元素的个数："+jedis.zcard("zset"));
    system.out.println("zset中分值在1-4之间的元素的个数："+jedis.zcount("zset", 1, 4));
    system.out.println("key2的分值加上5："+jedis.zincrby("zset", 5, "key2"));
    system.out.println("key3的分值加上4："+jedis.zincrby("zset", 4, "key3"));
    system.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1));
  }

输出结果：

1
4
zset中的所有元素：[key5, key2, key1, key3, key4]
zset中的所有元素：[[[107, 101, 121, 53],0.2], [[107, 101, 121, 50],1.2], [[107, 101, 121, 49],3.0], [[107, 101, 121, 51],4.0], [[107, 101, 121, 52],5.0]]
zset中的所有元素：[key5, key2, key1, key3, key4]
zset中的所有元素：[[[107, 101, 121, 53],0.2], [[107, 101, 121, 50],1.2], [[107, 101, 121, 49],3.0], [[107, 101, 121, 51],4.0], [[107, 101, 121, 52],5.0]]
zset中key2的分值：1.2
zset中key2的排名：1
删除zset中的元素key3：1
zset中的所有元素：[key5, key2, key1, key4]
zset中元素的个数：4
zset中分值在1-4之间的元素的个数：2
key2的分值加上5：6.2
key3的分值加上4：4.0
zset中的所有元素：[key5, key1, key3, key4, key2]

有序集合还有诸如zinterstore, zunionstore, zremrangebyscore, zremrangebyrank, zrevrank, zrevrange, zrangebyscore等命令。

排序sort

@test public void testsort()
 {
   jedis.flushdb();
   jedis.lpush("collections", "arraylist", "vector", "stack", "hashmap", "weakhashmap", "linkedhashmap");
   system.out.println("collections的内容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));
   sortingparams sortingparameters = new sortingparams();
   system.out.println(jedis.sort("collections",sortingparameters.alpha()));
   system.out.println("===============================");
   jedis.lpush("sortedlist", "3","6","2","0","7","4");
   system.out.println("sortedlist排序前："+jedis.lrange("sortedlist", 0, -1));
   system.out.println("升序："+jedis.sort("sortedlist", sortingparameters.asc()));
   system.out.println("升序："+jedis.sort("sortedlist", sortingparameters.desc()));
   system.out.println("===============================");
   jedis.lpush("userlist", "33"); 
   jedis.lpush("userlist", "22"); 
   jedis.lpush("userlist", "55"); 
   jedis.lpush("userlist", "11"); 
   jedis.hset("user:66", "name", "66"); 
   jedis.hset("user:55", "name", "55"); 
   jedis.hset("user:33", "name", "33"); 
   jedis.hset("user:22", "name", "79"); 
   jedis.hset("user:11", "name", "24"); 
   jedis.hset("user:11", "add", "beijing"); 
   jedis.hset("user:22", "add", "shanghai"); 
   jedis.hset("user:33", "add", "guangzhou"); 
   jedis.hset("user:55", "add", "chongqing"); 
   jedis.hset("user:66", "add", "xi'an"); 
   sortingparameters = new sortingparams();
   sortingparameters.get("user:*->name"); 
   sortingparameters.get("user:*->add"); 
   system.out.println(jedis.sort("userlist",sortingparameters));
 }

输出结果：

collections的内容：[linkedhashmap, weakhashmap, hashmap, stack, vector, arraylist]
[arraylist, hashmap, linkedhashmap, stack, vector, weakhashmap]
===============================
sortedlist排序前：[4, 7, 0, 2, 6, 3]
升序：[0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7]
升序：[7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 0]
===============================
[24, beijing, 79, shanghai, 33, guangzhou, 55, chongqing]

总结

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