批量安装系统软件（一次性装100台电脑的系统）

cobbler是一款linux生态的自动化运维工具，基于python2开发，用于自动化批量部署安装操作系统；其提供基于cli的管理方式和web配置界面，其中web配置界面是基于python2和django框架开发。另外，cobbler还提供了api，方便二次开发。cobbler属于c/s模型(客户端/服务器模型)

1、查看系统版本

# cat /etc/redhat-release

centos linux release 7.1.1503 (core) （备注本次部署是在centos7中进行）

# uname -rm

3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 x86_64

2、安装epel源,安装epel库

#yum install -y epel-release
#wget -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

3、安装cobbler环境所需的包

下载最新版的pip，然后安装

#wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
#python get-pip.py
#ln -s /usr/local/python27/bin/pip2.7 /usr/bin/pip2
#pip2 install django==1.8.9

4、开始安装cobbler

#yum install -y httpd dhcp tftp tftp-server rsync pykickstart xinetd 
#yum install -y cobbler

5、centos7安装cobbler-web（cobbler-web2.8版本必须用django1.8.9版本）

#yum install httpd-devel
#yum install -y cobbler-web

6、配置httpd的配置文件，更改项目存放的权限

#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

<directory "/usr/share/cobbler/web/">
        <ifmodule mod_ssl.c>
            sslrequiressl
        </ifmodule>
        <ifmodule mod_nss.c>
            nssrequiressl
        </ifmodule>
        setenv virtualenv
        options indexes multiviews
        order allow,deny     ##apache2.4必须改为allowoverride all
        allow from all     ##apache2.4必须改为require all granted        
</directory>

7、开启服务和加开机启动

#systemctl enable xinetd
#systemctl start xinetd
#systemctl start httpd
#systemctl start cobblerd
#systemctl enable httpd
#systemctl enable cobblerd
#systemctl enable rsyncd
#systemctl start rsyncd

8、检查cobbler

#cobbler check

按照上面的提示，逐步修改配置如下：

修改cobbler的settings文件，备份

# cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori}     

修改server，cobbler服务器的ip。

#sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.0.131/' /etc/cobbler/settings

如果用cobbler管理dhcp，修改本项

#sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.0.131/' /etc/cobbler/settings
#sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings

防止循环装系统，适用于服务器第一启动项是pxe启动。

#sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings

设置新装系统的默认root密码123456。random-phrase-here为干扰码，可以自行设定。

# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'cobbler' '123456'

$1$cobbler$sqddobelkjvmxtczr52/11

# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

default_password_crypted: “$1$cobbler$sqddobelkjvmxtczr52/11”

修改tftp配置，启用tftp

#vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp  

将disable = yes改为：disable = no

配置dhcp

# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

配置修改如下：

	subnet 192.168.1.0 	netmask 255.255.255.0 {
	option routers		192.168.1.1;
	option domain-name-servers 	114.114.114.114;
	option subnet-mask	255.255.255.0;
	range dynamic-bootp	10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;

下载boot-loaders

#cobbler get-loaders

同步配置

#systemctl restart cobblerd
#cobbler sync

9、导入镜像到cobbler中

#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
#cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=centos-7-x86_64 --arch=x86_64

10、编辑kickstart文件

#cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
#vim centos-7-x86_64.cfg

配置文件如下：

#kickstart configurator for cobbler by jason zhao
#platform=x86, amd64, or intel em64t
#system  language
lang en_us
#system keyboard
keyboard us
#sytem timezone
timezone asia/shanghai
#root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
#use text mode install
text
#install os instead of upgrade
install
#use nfs installation media
url --url=$tree
#system bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
#clear the master boot record
zerombr
#partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
#disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 --ondisk sda
part swap --size 1024 --ondisk sda
part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda
#system authorization infomation
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
#network information
$snippet('network_config')
#network --bootproto=dhcp --device=em1 --onboot=on
# reboot after installation
reboot
#firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
#selinux configuration
selinux --disabled
#do not configure xwindows
skipx
#package install information
%pre
$snippet('log_ks_pre')
$snippet('kickstart_start')
$snippet('pre_install_network_config')
# enable installation monitoring
$snippet('pre_anamon')
%end
 
%packages
@ base
@ core
sysstat
iptraf
ntp
lrzsz
ncurses-devel
openssl-devel
zlib-devel
openipmi-tools
mysql
nmap
screen
%end
 
%post
systemctl disable postfix.service
%end

11、更改centos6和centos7的ks文件位置

#cobbler profile edit --name=centos-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-7-x86_64.cfg

12、cobbler 常用命令

cobbler check #检查cobbler配置

cobbler sync #同步配置到dhcp/pxe和数据目录

cobbler list #列出所有的cobbler元素

cobbler import #导入安装的系统镜像

cobbler report #列出各元素的详细信息

cobbler distro #查看导入的发行版系统信息

cobbler profile #查看配置信息

cobbler system #查看添加的系统信息

cobbler reposync #同步yum仓库到本地

13、查看详细配置信息，这里把centos7配置信息都显示了

# cobbler profile report
# cobbler sync

14、配置绑定mac地址和ip地址 ,开机自动选择

# cobbler system add --name=centos711 --mac=00:0c:29:70:e8:a3 --profile=centos-7-x86_64  
--ip-address=192.168.0.40 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=192.168.0.1 --interface=eth0 
--static=1 --hostname=centos711 --name-servers="223.5.5.5"
# cobbler sync

到此cento7系统的也可以装机了