Matplotlib之基本操作

下面完整代码在github仓库：传送门

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一、画散点图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10, 6) # 图像显示大小
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 防止中文标签乱码，还有通过导入字体文件的方法
plt.rcParams['lines.linewidth'] = 0.5  # 设置曲线线条宽度

# plt.scatter(x=[2, 5, 6], y=[4, 8, 3], marker="*", alpha=0.5)
# plt.show()

# num = np.array([[2, 5], [3, 6], [4, 5], [3, 7], [5, 9]])
# # plt.scatter(x=num, y=num, marker="*", alpha=0.5)
# plt.scatter(x=num[:, 0], y=num[:, 1], marker="*", alpha=0.5)
# plt.show()

x = np.random.rand(20)
y = np.random.rand(20)
x1 = np.random.rand(20)
y1 = np.random.rand(20)

# 绘制点
plt.scatter(x, y, c="r", marker="p", s=20, label="girl")
plt.scatter(x1, y1, c="b", marker="v", s=18, label="boy")
plt.legend()  # 显示图例
plt.title("标题")
plt.text(0.5, 0.4, "哈哈")
plt.xlabel("x")
plt.ylabel("y")
plt.show()

二、画3D图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np

x = np.random.normal(0, 1, 100)
y = np.random.normal(0, 1, 100)
z = np.random.normal(0, 10, 100)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
ax.scatter(x, y, z, c="green", marker="v", label="boy")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

三、画各种直方图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = [5, 8, 10]
y = [12, 16, 6]
x2 = [6, 9, 11]
y2 = [6, 15, 7]
plt.bar(x, y)
plt.bar(x2, y2)
plt.title("Bar")
plt.ylabel('Y axis')
plt.xlabel('X axis')
plt.show()

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np


u = 100  # 均值
sigma = 20  # 方差
# 2000个数据
x = u + sigma*np.random.randn(2000)
# x = np.random.randn(2000)
# 画图 bins:条形的个数， normed:是否标准化
plt.hist(x=x, bins=10, normed=True)
plt.show()

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

u = 100  # 均值
sigma = 20  # 方差
# 2000个数据
x = u + sigma*np.random.randn(2000)
# x = np.random.randn(2000)
# 画图 bins:条形的个数， normed:是否标准化
plt.hist(x=x, bins=10, normed=True)
plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.random.rand(10000)
y = np.random.rand(10000)

plt.hist2d(x=x, y=y, bins=100)
plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 用来正常显示中文标签
labels = ['娱乐', '育儿', '饮食', '房贷', '交通', '其它']
sizes = [2, 4, 12, 70, 2, 9]
explode = (0, 0, 0, 0.1, 0, 0)
plt.pie(sizes, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%', shadow=False, startangle=150)
plt.title("饼图实例-8月份家庭支出")
plt.show()

四、画动态图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np


ax = []
ay = []
plt.ion()

for i in range(100):
    random = np.random.rand()
    ax.append(i)
    # ay.append(i**2)
    # ay.append(np.log(i**2))
    # ay.append(-np.log(i**2))
    ay.append(-np.log(i**2)*random)

    # plt.clf()
    plt.plot(ax, ay)  # 画折线图
    plt.scatter(ax,ay, c="r", marker="v")
    plt.pause(0.1)

plt.ioff()
plt.show()