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GestureDetector使用详解

程序员文章站 2024-03-24 15:44:22
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Android sdk给我们提供了GestureDetector(Gesture:手势Detector:识别)类,通过这个类我们可以识别很多的手势,主要是通过他的onTouchEvent(event)方法完成了不同手势的识别。虽然他能识别手势,但是不同的手势要怎么处理,应该是提供给程序员实现的。

GestureDetector这个类对外提供了两个接口和一个外部类
接口:OnGestureListener,OnDoubleTapListener
内部类:SimpleOnGestureListener

这个外部类,其实是两个接口中所有函数的集成,它包含了这两个接口里所有必须要实现的函数而且都已经重写,但所有方法体都是空的;不同点在于:该类是static class,程序员可以在外部继承这个类,重写里面的手势处理方法。
 

如果我们写一个类并implements OnGestureListener,会提示有几个必须重写的函数,加上之后是这个样子的:

private class gesturelistener implements GestureDetector.OnGestureListener{
 
	public boolean onDown(MotionEvent e) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return false;
	}
 
	public void onShowPress(MotionEvent e) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
	}
 
	public boolean onSingleTapUp(MotionEvent e) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return false;
	}
 
	public boolean onScroll(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2,
			float distanceX, float distanceY) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return false;
	}
 
	public void onLongPress(MotionEvent e) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
	}
 
	public boolean onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float velocityX,
			float velocityY) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return false;
	}
	
}

可见,这里总共重写了六个函数,这些函数都在什么情况下才会触发呢?

OnDown(MotionEvent e):用户按下屏幕就会触发;


onShowPress(MotionEvent e):如果是按下的时间超过瞬间,而且在按下的时候没有松开或者是拖动的,那么onShowPress就会执行。


onLongPress(MotionEvent e):长按触摸屏,超过一定时长,就会触发这个事件
    触发顺序:
    onDown->onShowPress->onLongPress


onSingleTapUp(MotionEvent e):从名子也可以看出,一次单独的轻击抬起操作,也就是轻击一下屏幕,立刻抬起来,才会有这个触发,当然,如果除了Down以外还有其它操作,那就不再算是Single操作了,所以也就不会触发这个事件
    触发顺序:
    点击一下非常快的(不滑动)Touchup:
    onDown->onSingleTapUp->onSingleTapConfirmed 
    点击一下稍微慢点的(不滑动)Touchup:
    onDown->onShowPress->onSingleTapUp->onSingleTapConfirmed


onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float velocityX,float velocityY) :滑屏,用户按下触摸屏、快速移动后松开,由1个MotionEvent ACTION_DOWN, 多个ACTION_MOVE, 1个ACTION_UP触发   
     参数解释:
    e1:第1个ACTION_DOWN MotionEvent
    e2:最后一个ACTION_MOVE MotionEvent
    velocityX:X轴上的移动速度,像素/秒
    velocityY:Y轴上的移动速度,像素/秒   


onScroll(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2,float distanceX, float distanceY):在屏幕上拖动事件。无论是用手拖动view,或者是以抛的动作滚动,都会多次触发,这个方法       在ACTION_MOVE动作发生时就会触发
    滑屏:手指触动屏幕后,稍微滑动后立即松开
    onDown-----》onScroll----》onScroll----》onScroll----》………----->onFling
    拖动
    onDown------》onScroll----》onScroll------》onFiling

可见,无论是滑屏,还是拖动,影响的只是中间OnScroll触发的数量多少而已,最终都会触发onFling事件!

2、实例

要使用GestureDetector,有三步要走:

1、创建OnGestureListener监听函数:
可以使用构造实例:

GestureDetector.OnGestureListener listener = new GestureDetector.OnGestureListener({
			
};

也可以构造类:

private class gestureListener implements GestureDetector.OnGestureListener{
	
}

2、创建GestureDetector实例mGestureDetector:

构造函数有下面三个,根据需要选择:

GestureDetector gestureDetector=
new GestureDetector(GestureDetector.OnGestureListener listener);

GestureDetector gestureDetector=
new GestureDetector(Context context,GestureDetector.OnGestureListener listener);

GestureDetector gestureDetector=
new GestureDetector(Context context,GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener listener);

3、onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event)中拦截:

public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
	return mGestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event);   
}

4、控件绑定

TextView tv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv);
tv.setOnTouchListener(this);

3、GestureDetector.OnDoubleTapListener

1、构建

有两种方式设置双击监听:

方法一:新建一个类同时派生自OnGestureListener和OnDoubleTapListener:

private class gestureListener implements GestureDetector.OnGestureListener,GestureDetector.OnDoubleTapListener{
}

方法二:使用GestureDetector::setOnDoubleTapListener();函数设置监听:

//构建GestureDetector实例	
mGestureDetector = new GestureDetector(new gestureListener()); //使用派生自OnGestureListener
private class gestureListener implements GestureDetector.OnGestureListener{
	
}
 
//设置双击监听器
mGestureDetector.setOnDoubleTapListener(new doubleTapListener());
private class doubleTapListener implements GestureDetector.OnDoubleTapListener{
	
}

要想使用OnDoubleTapListener的几个函数,就必须先实现OnGestureListener。

2、函数讲解:

首先看一下OnDoubleTapListener接口必须重写的三个函数:

private class doubleTapListener implements GestureDetector.OnDoubleTapListener{
 
	public boolean onSingleTapConfirmed(MotionEvent e) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return false;
	}
 
	public boolean onDoubleTap(MotionEvent e) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return false;
	}
 
	public boolean onDoubleTapEvent(MotionEvent e) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return false;
	}
}

onSingleTapConfirmed(MotionEvent e):单击事件。用来判定该次点击是SingleTap而不是DoubleTap,如果连续点击两次就是DoubleTap手势,如果只点击一次,系统等待一段时间后没有收到第二次点击则判定该次点击为SingleTap而不是DoubleTap,然后触发SingleTapConfirmed事件。触发顺序是:OnDown->OnsingleTapUp->OnsingleTapConfirmed
关于onSingleTapConfirmed和onSingleTapUp的一点区别: OnGestureListener有这样的一个方法onSingleTapUp,和onSingleTapConfirmed容易混淆。二者的区别是:onSingleTapUp,只要手抬起就会执行,而对于onSingleTapConfirmed来说,如果双击的话,则onSingleTapConfirmed不会执行。

 

onDoubleTap(MotionEvent e):双击事件

onDoubleTapEvent(MotionEvent e):双击间隔中发生的动作。指触发onDoubleTap以后,在双击之间发生的其它动作,包含down、up和move事件;下图是双击一下的Log输出:
GestureDetector使用详解

两点总结:

1、从上图可以看出,在第二下点击时,先触发OnDoubleTap,然后再触发OnDown(第二次点击)

2、其次在触发OnDoubleTap以后,就开始触发onDoubleTapEvent了,onDoubleTapEvent后面的数字代表了当前的事件,0指ACTION_DOWN,1指ACTION_UP,2 指ACTION_MOVE
在上一个例子的基础上,我们再添加一个双击监听类,实现如下:
 

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnTouchListener{
 
	private GestureDetector mGestureDetector;   
	
 
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
 
      mGestureDetector = new GestureDetector(new gestureListener()); //使用派生自OnGestureListener
      mGestureDetector.setOnDoubleTapListener(new doubleTapListener());
        
      TextView tv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv);
      tv.setOnTouchListener(this);
      tv.setFocusable(true);   
      tv.setClickable(true);   
      tv.setLongClickable(true); 
	}
	
	
	/* 
     * 在onTouch()方法中,我们调用GestureDetector的onTouchEvent()方法,将捕捉到的MotionEvent交给GestureDetector 
     * 来分析是否有合适的callback函数来处理用户的手势 
     */  
	public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
		return mGestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event);   
	}
	
	//OnGestureListener监听
	private class gestureListener implements GestureDetector.OnGestureListener{
 
		public boolean onDown(MotionEvent e) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onDown");   
	        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onDown", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();   
			return false;
		}
 
		public void onShowPress(MotionEvent e) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onShowPress");   
	        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onShowPress", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();   
		}
 
		public boolean onSingleTapUp(MotionEvent e) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onSingleTapUp");   
	        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onSingleTapUp", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();   
	        return true;   
		}
 
		public boolean onScroll(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2,
				float distanceX, float distanceY) {
			Log.i("MyGesture22", "onScroll:"+(e2.getX()-e1.getX()) +"   "+distanceX);   
	        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onScroll", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();   
	        
	        return true;   
		}
 
		public void onLongPress(MotionEvent e) {
			 Log.i("MyGesture", "onLongPress");   
		     Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onLongPress", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();   
		}
 
		public boolean onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float velocityX,
				float velocityY) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onFling");   
	        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onFling", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();   
			return true;
		}
	};
	
	//OnDoubleTapListener监听
	private class doubleTapListener implements GestureDetector.OnDoubleTapListener{
 
		public boolean onSingleTapConfirmed(MotionEvent e) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onSingleTapConfirmed");   
	        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onSingleTapConfirmed", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  
			return true;
		}
 
		public boolean onDoubleTap(MotionEvent e) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onDoubleTap");   
	        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onDoubleTap", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  
			return true;
		}
 
		public boolean onDoubleTapEvent(MotionEvent e) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onDoubleTapEvent");   
	        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onDoubleTapEvent", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  
			return true;
		}
	};
}

双击一下:

GestureDetector使用详解

轻轻单击一下,对应的事件触发顺序为:

GestureDetector使用详解

四、GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener---类
它与前两个不同的是:
1、这是一个类,在它基础上新建类的话,要用extends派生而不是用implements继承!
2、OnGestureListener和OnDoubleTapListener接口里的函数都是强制必须重写的,即使用不到也要重写出来一个空函数但在SimpleOnGestureListener类的实例或派生类中不必如此,可以根据情况,用到哪个函数就重写哪个函数,因为SimpleOnGestureListener类本身已经实现了这两个接口的所有函数,只是里面全是空的而已。

下面利用SimpleOnGestureListener类来重新实现上面的几个效果,代码如下:
 

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnTouchListener {
 
	private GestureDetector mGestureDetector;   
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
		mGestureDetector = new GestureDetector(new simpleGestureListener());
		
		TextView tv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv);
	    tv.setOnTouchListener(this);
	    tv.setFocusable(true);   
	    tv.setClickable(true);   
	    tv.setLongClickable(true); 
	}
	
	public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return mGestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event);   
	}
 
	private class simpleGestureListener extends
			GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener {
		
		/*****OnGestureListener的函数*****/
		public boolean onDown(MotionEvent e) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onDown");
			Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onDown", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
					.show();
			return false;
		}
 
		public void onShowPress(MotionEvent e) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onShowPress");
			Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onShowPress", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
					.show();
		}
 
		public boolean onSingleTapUp(MotionEvent e) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onSingleTapUp");
			Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onSingleTapUp",
					Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
			return true;
		}
 
		public boolean onScroll(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2,
				float distanceX, float distanceY) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onScroll:" + (e2.getX() - e1.getX()) + "   "
					+ distanceX);
			Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onScroll", Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
					.show();
 
			return true;
		}
 
		public void onLongPress(MotionEvent e) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onLongPress");
			Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onLongPress", Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
					.show();
		}
 
		public boolean onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float velocityX,
				float velocityY) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onFling");
			Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onFling", Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
					.show();
			return true;
		}
		
		/*****OnDoubleTapListener的函数*****/
		public boolean onSingleTapConfirmed(MotionEvent e) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onSingleTapConfirmed");
			Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onSingleTapConfirmed",
					Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
			return true;
		}
 
		public boolean onDoubleTap(MotionEvent e) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onDoubleTap");
			Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onDoubleTap", Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
					.show();
			return true;
		}
 
		public boolean onDoubleTapEvent(MotionEvent e) {
			Log.i("MyGesture", "onDoubleTapEvent");
			Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onDoubleTapEvent",
					Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
			return true;
		}
 
	}
}

五、OnFling应用——识别向左滑还是向右滑

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnTouchListener {
 
	private GestureDetector mGestureDetector;   
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
		mGestureDetector = new GestureDetector(new simpleGestureListener());
		
		TextView tv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv);
	    tv.setOnTouchListener(this);
	    tv.setFocusable(true);   
	    tv.setClickable(true);   
	    tv.setLongClickable(true); 
	}
	
	public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return mGestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event);   
	}
 
	private class simpleGestureListener extends
			GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener {
		
		/*****OnGestureListener的函数*****/
 
		final int FLING_MIN_DISTANCE = 100, FLING_MIN_VELOCITY = 200;  
		
		// 触发条件 :   
        // X轴的坐标位移大于FLING_MIN_DISTANCE,且移动速度大于FLING_MIN_VELOCITY个像素/秒   
       
		// 参数解释:   
        // e1:第1个ACTION_DOWN MotionEvent   
        // e2:最后一个ACTION_MOVE MotionEvent   
        // velocityX:X轴上的移动速度,像素/秒   
        // velocityY:Y轴上的移动速度,像素/秒   
		public boolean onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float velocityX,
				float velocityY) {
			
	        
	        if (e1.getX() - e2.getX() > FLING_MIN_DISTANCE  
	                && Math.abs(velocityX) > FLING_MIN_VELOCITY) {  
	            // Fling left   
	            Log.i("MyGesture", "Fling left");  
	            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Fling Left", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
	        } else if (e2.getX() - e1.getX() > FLING_MIN_DISTANCE  
	                && Math.abs(velocityX) > FLING_MIN_VELOCITY) {  
	            // Fling right   
	            Log.i("MyGesture", "Fling right");  
	            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Fling Right", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
	        }  
			return true;
		}
 
	}
}