Swift 中的结构体 (Struct)

结构体的介绍

• 1.结构体（struct）是由一系列相同类型或者不同类型的数据构成的集合
• 2.结构体指的是一种数据结构
• 3.结构体是值类型，在方法中传递时时值传递
• 4.OC 结构体 只能有属性 Swift 不但可以有属性还可以拥有自己的方法

定义结构体

//定义结构体
struct Location {
    //属性
    var x : Double
    var y : Double
}

创建结构体对应的值

var center = Location(x: 20, y: 30)

创建系统结构体方式

let rect = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 100)
let size = CGSize(width: 100, height: 100)
let point = CGPoint(x: 50, y: 50)
let range = NSRange(location: 3, length: 5)

给结构体扩充方法

//定义结构体
struct Location {
    //属性
    var x : Double
    var y : Double
    //方法
    //最普通的函数，该函数没有改变成员属性
    func test() {
        print("结构体中的函数");
    }
    //改变成员属性: 如果在函数中修改了成员属性，那么该函数前必须加上 mutating
    mutating func moveH(disyance : Double) {
        self.x += disyance
    }
}

给机构体扩充构造函数

• 1.默认情况下，系统会为每一个结构体提供一个默认的构造函数，并且该构造函数，要求给每一个成员属性进行赋值
• 2.构造函数都是以 init 开头，并且构造函数不需要返回值
• 3.在构造函数结束时，必须保证所有的成员属性都被初始化

//定义结构体
struct Location {
    //属性
    var x : Double
    var y : Double
    //构造方法
    init(x:Double,y:Double) {
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
    }
    //构造方法2
    init(xyStr:String) {
        let arr = xyStr.components(separatedBy: ",")
        let x = arr[0]
        let y = arr[1]
        self.x = Double(x) ?? 0
        self.y = Double(y) ?? 0
    }
}

创建&&输出

下面是一个通过定义几个 Struct 获取 App 信息 、设备信息的工具类。

import Foundation
import UIKit
import CoreTelephony //获取运行商需要导入

//App 相关信息
public struct AppDetail {

    //info,plist
    static let infoDic = Bundle.main.infoDictionary!;

    //bundle identifer 
    static let bundleIdentifer = Bundle.main.bundleIdentifier!

    //version版本号 
    static let shortVersion = AppDetail.infoDic["CFBundleShortVersionString"]!;

    //build版本号
    static let buildVersion = AppDetail.infoDic[String(kCFBundleVersionKey)]!;

    //app名称
    static let AppName = AppDetail.infoDic[String(kCFBundleNameKey)]!;


}

//用户设备信息
public struct userDevice {

    //是否是IPhone
    static let isPhone = UIDevice.current.userInterfaceIdiom == UIUserInterfaceIdiom.phone;
    //是否是isPad
    static let isPad = UIDevice.current.userInterfaceIdiom == UIUserInterfaceIdiom.pad;
    //是否是isPad
    static let isAppleTV = UIDevice.current.userInterfaceIdiom == UIUserInterfaceIdiom.tv;

    //备唯一标识符 UUID
    static let deviceUUID = UIDevice.current.identifierForVendor!.uuidString;

    //设备的系统版本
    static let deviceSystemVersion = UIDevice.current.systemVersion;

    //获取设备具体型号:(iphone 6s plus)
    static let deviceModelName = UIDevice.current.modelName;

    //设备的别名::用户定义的名称
    static let userPhoneName = UIDevice.current.name;

    //运行商名称
    static let carrierName = CTTelephonyNetworkInfo().subscriberCellularProvider!.carrierName ?? "无服务";


}

//用户的屏幕尺寸
public struct deviceScreen {

    //屏幕的宽度
    static let screenWidth = UIScreen.main.bounds.width;
    //屏幕的高度
    static let screenHeight = UIScreen.main.bounds.height;


}

//MARK: - UIDevice延展
public extension UIDevice {

    var modelName: String {
        var systemInfo = utsname()
        uname(&systemInfo)
        let machineMirror = Mirror(reflecting: systemInfo.machine)
        let identifier = machineMirror.children.reduce("") { identifier, element in
            guard let value = element.value as? Int8, value != 0 else { return identifier }
            return identifier + String(UnicodeScalar(UInt8(value)))
        }

        switch identifier {
        case "iPod5,1":                                 return "iPod Touch 5"
        case "iPod7,1":                                 return "iPod Touch 6"
        case "iPhone3,1", "iPhone3,2", "iPhone3,3":     return "iPhone 4"
        case "iPhone4,1":                               return "iPhone 4s"
        case "iPhone5,1", "iPhone5,2":                  return "iPhone 5"
        case "iPhone5,3", "iPhone5,4":                  return "iPhone 5c"
        case "iPhone6,1", "iPhone6,2":                  return "iPhone 5s"
        case "iPhone7,2":                               return "iPhone 6"
        case "iPhone7,1":                               return "iPhone 6 Plus"
        case "iPhone8,1":                               return "iPhone 6s"
        case "iPhone8,2":                               return "iPhone 6s Plus"
        case "iPhone8,4":                               return "iPhone SE"
        case "iPhone9,1":                               return "iPhone 7"
        case "iPhone9,2":                               return "iPhone 7 Plus"
        case "iPad2,1", "iPad2,2", "iPad2,3", "iPad2,4":return "iPad 2"
        case "iPad3,1", "iPad3,2", "iPad3,3":           return "iPad 3"
        case "iPad3,4", "iPad3,5", "iPad3,6":           return "iPad 4"
        case "iPad4,1", "iPad4,2", "iPad4,3":           return "iPad Air"
        case "iPad5,3", "iPad5,4":                      return "iPad Air 2"
        case "iPad2,5", "iPad2,6", "iPad2,7":           return "iPad Mini"
        case "iPad4,4", "iPad4,5", "iPad4,6":           return "iPad Mini 2"
        case "iPad4,7", "iPad4,8", "iPad4,9":           return "iPad Mini 3"
        case "iPad5,1", "iPad5,2":                      return "iPad Mini 4"
        case "iPad6,3", "iPad6,4":                      return "iPad Pro 9.7"
        case "iPad6,7", "iPad6,8":                      return "iPad Pro 12.9"
        case "AppleTV5,3":                              return "Apple TV"
        case "i386", "x86_64":                          return "Simulator"
        default:                                        return identifier
        }
    }
}