IPFS（一）Ubuntu下搭建IPFS环境

今天我们开始在ubuntu下搭建IPFS环境。
我们需要编译安装IPFS，那么就需要安装Go环境。
安装最近版本的Go语言环境，参考官方网站 https://golang.org/dl/ ，下载最新版的Go。具体涉及到的命令包括：

wget https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.11.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.11.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz

接下来编辑当前用户的环境变量：

vi ~/.profile

添加以下内容：

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin 
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go 
export GOPATH=$HOME/go 
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/go/bin

编辑保存并退出vi后，记得把这些环境载入：

source ~/.profile

我们把go的目录GOPATH设置为当前用户的文件夹下，所以记得创建go文件夹

cd ~
mkdir go

Go环境搭建好后，IPFS需要先修改环境变量如下：

vi ~/.profile

添加如下设定

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin

开始下载IPFS源代码，并编译。

go get -u -d github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs
make install

这个时候，你已经编译将IPFS编译通过了。
IPFS的基本命令如下，请参考

  ipfs - Global p2p merkle-dag filesystem.

  ipfs [<flags>] <command> [<arg>] ...

SUBCOMMANDS
  BASIC COMMANDS
    init          Initialize ipfs local configuration
    add <path>    Add a file to ipfs
    cat <ref>     Show ipfs object data
    get <ref>     Download ipfs objects
    ls <ref>      List links from an object
    refs <ref>    List hashes of links from an object

  DATA STRUCTURE COMMANDS
    block         Interact with raw blocks in the datastore
    object        Interact with raw dag nodes
    files         Interact with objects as if they were a unix filesystem

  ADVANCED COMMANDS
    daemon        Start a long-running daemon process
    mount         Mount an ipfs read-only mountpoint
    resolve       Resolve any type of name
    name          Publish or resolve IPNS names
    dns           Resolve DNS links
    pin           Pin objects to local storage
    repo          Manipulate an IPFS repository

  NETWORK COMMANDS
    id            Show info about ipfs peers
    bootstrap     Add or remove bootstrap peers
    swarm         Manage connections to the p2p network
    dht           Query the DHT for values or peers
    ping          Measure the latency of a connection
    diag          Print diagnostics

  TOOL COMMANDS
    config        Manage configuration
    version       Show ipfs version information
    update        Download and apply go-ipfs updates
    commands      List all available commands

  Use 'ipfs <command> --help' to learn more about each command.

  ipfs uses a repository in the local file system. By default, the repo is located
  at ~/.ipfs. To change the repo location, set the $IPFS_PATH environment variable:

    export IPFS_PATH=/path/to/ipfsrepo

接下来，我们创建一个私有的IPFS网络

您可能希望IPFS服务器运行在一个安全的公共域之后，比如https://example.com。您需要做的第一件事是购买一个自定义域或使用一个子域，并将其指向服务器的IP地址。接下来，我们用以下命令在服务器上安装Nginx:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install nginx

执行如下命令：

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbot
sudo apt-get install python-certbot-nginx
sudo certbot –nginx -d pactcare.online

第一个命令将在web服务器上安装certbot，使您更容易获得网站的Let ‘s Encrypt certificates (HTTPS)。在最后一个命令之后，将在命令行中启动一个对话框，该对话框将指导您完成设置过程。通常建议选择选项2，它支持自动重定向。

如果现在重新加载域，应该通过https而不是HTTP连接域。

现在你的IPFS网络已经搭建好了。你可以使用了。
首先开始启动网络

ipfs init

执行ipfs init命令后，会在根目录生成一个.ipfs的文件夹存储节点数据
可以通过ipfs id查看节点id信息：

ipfs id
{
        "ID": "Qmbh3Kk1itPsmC5smsx2hX6aRDgmUDgTH5Nrje3dLugaZV",
        "PublicKey": "CAASpgIwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDu0rkVjKInvn39KcJyVrKFbolvKrmmLujiN0nr2Yr+w4/3ICrvdm2/WDEeZiZMh1kRmNhtljolFZqLCzofi8DfwdG848daOM/966/qpoKPMwNOEuTdBSHMrXLgrczFaPWf2cI4hWbyCxswsv/4C88Ts55T8W6kg4shVZ+BsgeN/2uv0Ge68d165o7okLzM/fPKxdHGnXM2lxkG/qZwim4XkenDEJj1vOxvWmXr1+0aySvelIZQSWebpOBgsdwldlgJvwGMAr6tAtPGXSUvM17t5YY3gwy5WYTJs5nGz8bFS0oWAF7kPnArJye9J4lLnVQNy66R1cKLqvmZoH2L6t8DAgMBAAE=",
        "Addresses": null,
        "AgentVersion": "go-ipfs/0.4.19-dev/6851d51",
        "ProtocolVersion": "ipfs/0.1.0"
}

然后，我们查看一下ipfs网络中已经存储的readme文件

ipfs cat /ipfs/QmS4ustL54uo8FzR9455qaxZwuMiUhyvMcX9Ba8nUH4uVv/readme
Hello and Welcome to IPFS!

██╗██████╗ ███████╗███████╗
██║██╔══██╗██╔════╝██╔════╝
██║██████╔╝█████╗  ███████╗
██║██╔═══╝ ██╔══╝  ╚════██║
██║██║     ██║     ███████║
╚═╝╚═╝     ╚═╝     ╚══════╝

If you're seeing this, you have successfully installed
IPFS and are now interfacing with the ipfs merkledag!

 -------------------------------------------------------
| Warning:                                              |
|   This is alpha software. Use at your own discretion! |
|   Much is missing or lacking polish. There are bugs.  |
|   Not yet secure. Read the security notes for more.   |
 -------------------------------------------------------

Check out some of the other files in this directory:

  ./about
  ./help
  ./quick-start     <-- usage examples
  ./readme          <-- this file
  ./security-notes

接下来，我们启动服务器

ipfs daemon

//显示如下信息

Initializing daemon...
go-ipfs version: 0.4.19-dev-6851d51
Repo version: 7
System version: amd64/linux
Golang version: go1.11.5
Swarm listening on /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/4001
Swarm listening on /ip4/192.168.0.120/tcp/4001
Swarm listening on /ip6/2409:8a55:385e:1590:b4cd:2700:58c9:3/tcp/4001
Swarm listening on /ip6/2409:8a55:385e:1595:38db:7dc2:a4fc:9401/tcp/4001
Swarm listening on /ip6/::1/tcp/4001
Swarm listening on /p2p-circuit
Swarm announcing /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/4001
Swarm announcing /ip4/192.168.0.120/tcp/4001
Swarm announcing /ip6/2409:8a55:385e:1590:b4cd:2700:58c9:3/tcp/4001
Swarm announcing /ip6/2409:8a55:385e:1595:38db:7dc2:a4fc:9401/tcp/4001
Swarm announcing /ip6/::1/tcp/4001
API server listening on /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/5001
WebUI: http://127.0.0.1:5001/webui
Gateway (readonly) server listening on /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/8080
Daemon is ready

网络已经启动了
输入如下地址：

http://127.0.0.1:5001/webui

显示如下画面，你的IPFS网络启动成功了。

2019年2月12日整理于深圳