Linux离线安装MySQL

服务器：阿里云ECS
系统版本：CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core)

1.下载MySQL安装包

下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

2. 将mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz上传到Linux的“/usr/local”目录下

3. 解压安装包

[[e-mail] local]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解压后在“/usr/local”下面会多一个目录“mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64”
将这个目录重命名为mysql

[[e-mail] local]# mv mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

4. 创建mysql用户组及用户，并给mysql用户设置密码

[[e-mail] local]# groupadd mysql
[[e-mail] local]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[[e-mail] local]# passwd mysql
Changing password for user mysql.
New password: 
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

5. 在mysql目录下新建data文件夹用于存放数据库文件

[[e-mail] local]# cd mysql
[[e-mail] mysql]# mkdir data

6. 在mysql当前目录下设定目录的访问权限

注:后面的小点，表示当前目录

[[e-mail] mysql]# chown -R mysql .
[[e-mail] mysql]# chgrp -R mysql .
[[e-mail] mysql]# ll
total 260
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql mysql   4096 Oct 21 09:12 bin
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql mysql      6 Oct 21 09:16 data
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql mysql     55 Oct 21 09:12 docs
drwxr-xr-x  3 mysql mysql   4096 Oct 21 09:12 include
drwxr-xr-x  5 mysql mysql    230 Oct 21 09:12 lib
-rw-r--r--  1 mysql mysql 247914 Sep 23 20:00 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x  4 mysql mysql     30 Oct 21 09:12 man
-rw-r--r--  1 mysql mysql    587 Sep 23 20:00 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql   4096 Oct 21 09:12 share
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql mysql     90 Oct 21 09:12 support-files
[[e-mail] mysql]# 

7. 初始化数据库

[[e-mail] mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

注：在执行完上述命令后

这个密码就是root的初始密码

8. 启动mysql

[[e-mail] mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/iZm5e0ruj2b7jdo68j6u4nZ.err'.
                                                           [  OK  ]

9. 登录mysql,修改root用户密码

[[e-mail] mysql]# ./bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.32

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

10. 配置mysql允许远程访问

[[e-mail] mysql]# ./bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) #创建远程登录对象

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' with grant option; #授权远程登录
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges; #强制刷新
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

11. mysql的启动、停止、重启命令

[[e-mail] mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server start #启动命令
Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ]
[[e-mail] mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server restart #重启命令
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  OK  ]
Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ]
[[e-mail] mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server stop #停止命令
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  OK  ]
[[e-mail] mysql]#