实操：LVS-DR+keepalived群集搭建
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2024-03-21 11:01:10
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文章目录
- 思路
- 1 LVS两个节点步骤
- 1.1 更改主机名，便于查看，LVS负载均衡节点安装ipvsadm和keepalived双节热备实现高可用组件
- 1.2 编辑路由配置文件
- 1.3 启动虚拟网卡ens33:0，分为临时启用和配置文件永久启用
- 1.4 创建一个LVS节点的LVS启动脚本
- 1.5 先别着急启动，把虚拟机的ens33网卡设置为仅主机模式，修改IP地址为静态IP地址
- 1.6 开启ens33:0网卡，关闭防火墙
- 1.7 此时LVS1第一个负载均衡节点已经配置完毕，接下来配置第二个LSV2，配置的内容和lvs1服务器节点一样，差别在静态ip地址
- 2 下面就开始配置两台web节点服务器
- 2.1更改主机名
- 2.2 安装httpd服务
- 2.3 关闭防火墙和增强服务
- 2.4 编辑站点的首页信息
- 2.4 编辑lo:0虚拟网卡
- 2.5 编辑keepalived的web节点脚本，主要用来限制arp
- 2.6回到web1，配置ens33网卡为静态
- 2.7 开启服务
- 2.8 然后到另外一台服务器，web2去配置
- 2.9 两台web节点都重新启动一下lo:0网卡
- 3 此时上面两个节点已经部署好了，接下来到lvs节点部署keepdalived
- 4 测试：打开客户端，设置仅主机模式，设置静态IP
思路
关闭重定向功能也就是ARP
ifup ens33:0 启用
break是结束当前所在的循环语句，继续执行后面本循环体之外的语句
exit 0 正常退出应用程序
exit 非零值 异常退出应用程序
后面的值是一个状态码，可以在执行程序后判断这个状态吗
程序：入口（main）有且只有一个，出口有多个
return返回的是状态码，echo返回的是值
GW 网关，vip虚拟IP地址，RIP是web服务器地址
负载均衡器的缺点：session会话（7层），不可以session共享
nginx’可以反向代理解决7曾的会话共享
1 LVS两个节点步骤
1.1 更改主机名，便于查看，LVS负载均衡节点安装ipvsadm和keepalived双节热备实现高可用组件
[aaa@qq.com ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname lvs1
[aaa@qq.com ~]# su
[aaa@qq.com ~]#
[aaa@qq.com ~]# yum install keepalived ipvsadm -y
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# hostnamectl set-hostname lvs2
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# su
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# yum install keepalived ipvsadm -y
1.2 编辑路由配置文件
[aaa@qq.com ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
#开启路由转发功能
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0
//上面三条是proc响应关闭重定向功能
加载一下使配置生效
[aaa@qq.com ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0
1.3 启动虚拟网卡ens33:0，分为临时启用和配置文件永久启用
临时启用：ifconfig 后面跟ens33：0 再跟IP地址
这里使用永久启用
[aaa@qq.com ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# cp -p ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens33:0
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33:0
#原有内容全部删除，添加下面四条内容
DEVICE=ens33:0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
此时自身的ENS33接口的IP地址是192.168.247.206，先不着急开启ens33:0网卡
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.247.206 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.247.255
1.4 创建一个LVS节点的LVS启动脚本
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# cd /etc/init.d/
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# ls
functions jexec netconsole network README
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# vim dr.sh
#!/bin/bash
GW=192.168.100.1
VIP=192.168.100.10
RIP1=192.168.100.201
RIP2=192.168.100.202
case "$1" in
start)
/sbin/ipvsadm --save > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm
#先保存
systemctl start ipvsadm
#先开启服务
/sbin/ifconfig ens33:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 $VIP up
#开启ens33:0网卡，ip地址，广播地址，子网掩码
/sbin/route add -host $VIP dev ens33:0
#添加路由网段信息
/sbin/ipvsadm -A -t $VIP:80 -s rr
#添加LVS设置，访问80端口，使用轮询算法
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:80 -r $RIP1:80 -g
#-g 代表使用DR，上一次使用的是-m ，代表使用nat（此处为个人理解）
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:80 -r $RIP2:80 -g
echo "ipvsadm starting ____________________[ok]"
;;
stop)
/sbin/ipvsadm -C
#清除缓存
systemctl stop ipvsadm
#关闭LVS
ifconfig ens33:0 down
#关掉虚拟IP
route del $VIP
#删掉路由条目
echo "ipvsadm stoped _______________________[ok]"
;;
status)
if [ ! -e /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm ];then
#如果文件不存在，则
echo "ipvsadm stoped _______________________"
exit 1
else
echo "ipvsadm Runing____________________[ok]"
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# chmod +x dr.sh
1.5 先别着急启动，把虚拟机的ens33网卡设置为仅主机模式，修改IP地址为静态IP地址
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# cd -
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="static"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
UUID="0f432513-5d7a-455c-88b4-257a9a1dbb45"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.100.110
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# systemctl restart network
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.110 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
inet6 fe80::413b:c9ad:e0e:1afc prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:d6:c0:8a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 55 bytes 4716 (4.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 42 bytes 5443 (5.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
ether 00:0c:29:d6:c0:8a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
1.6 开启ens33:0网卡，关闭防火墙
[aaa@qq.com ~]# ifup ens33:0
[aaa@qq.com ~]# service dr.sh start
ipvsadm starting ____________________[ok]
[aaa@qq.com ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[aaa@qq.com ~]# setenforce 0
1.7 此时LVS1第一个负载均衡节点已经配置完毕，接下来配置第二个LSV2，配置的内容和lvs1服务器节点一样，差别在静态ip地址
[aaa@qq.com ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# hostnamectl set-hostname lvs2
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# su
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]#
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# yum install keepalived ipvsadm -y
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# cp -p ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens33:0
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33:0
DEVICE=ens33:0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# cd /etc/init.d/
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# vim dr.sh
//跟lvs1一致
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# chmod +x dr.sh
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# cd -
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="static"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
UUID="ae47f80e-74ad-4ce3-b2f9-6d3899cd9a2b"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.100.111
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.111 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
inet6 fe80::1259:c72a:d63c:9f07 prefixlen 64
ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
ether 00:0c:29:6b:25:36 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# cd -
/etc/init.d
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# cd -
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# service dr.sh start
ipvsadm starting ____________________[ok]
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# systemctl stop firewalld
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# setenforce 0
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]#
2 下面就开始配置两台web节点服务器
2.1更改主机名
[aaa@qq.com ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname web1
[aaa@qq.com ~]# su
[aaa@qq.com ~]#
2.2 安装httpd服务
[aaa@qq.com ~]# yum install httpd -y
2.3 关闭防火墙和增强服务
[aaa@qq.com yum.repos.d]# systemctl stop firewadlld
[aaa@qq.com yum.repos.d]# setenforce 0
2.4 编辑站点的首页信息
[aaa@qq.com ~]# cd /var/www/html
[aaa@qq.com html]# echo "this is kgc web" > index.html
2.4 编辑lo:0虚拟网卡
[aaa@qq.com html]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# cp -p ifcfg-lo ifcfg-lo:0
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-lo:0
//原有内容删除，写入下面内容
DEVICE=lo:0
IPADDR=192.168.100.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=YES
2.5 编辑keepalived的web节点脚本，主要用来限制arp
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# cd /etc/init.d/
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# ls
functions netconsole network README
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# vim web.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=192.168.100.10
case "$1" in
start)
ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $VIP
/sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
sysctl -p > /dev/null 2>&1
echo "RealServer Start OK"
;;
stop)
ifconfig lo:0 down
route del $VIP /dev/null 2>&1
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo "RealServer Stoped"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
把这个web.sh脚本scp到web2节点服务器
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# scp /etc/init.d/web.sh aaa@qq.com:/etc/init.d/
The authenticity of host '192.168.247.154 (192.168.247.154)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Uc0B9+nBzRVbmkCb7FuoF+yLzqsWY8uacWKFdVJCVZE.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:1b:1a:ef:ff:89:db:6e:70:f1:be:91:f8:87:cc:35:0f.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.247.154' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
aaa@qq.com's password:
web.sh 100% 760 464.9KB/s 00:00
到web2查看
[aaa@qq.com ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname web2
[aaa@qq.com ~]# su
[aaa@qq.com ~]# cd /etc/init.d/
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# ls
functions netconsole network README web.sh
2.6回到web1，配置ens33网卡为静态
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
BOOTPROTO=static //设为静态
IPADDR=192.168.100.201 //增加
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 //增加
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1 //增加
修改网卡模式为仅主机模式后，重启网卡
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# systemctl restart network
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# systemctl stop firewalld
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[aaa@qq.com init.d]#
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe3c:9844 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:3c:98:44 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 23168 bytes 17442648 (16.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4083 bytes 357167 (348.7 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo:0: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 192.168.100.10 netmask 255.255.255.0
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
网卡修改完毕
2.7 开启服务
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# ls
functions netconsole network README web.sh
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# chmod +x web.sh
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# service web.sh start
RealServer Start OK
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# systemctl start httpd
[aaa@qq.com init.d]#
自检一下
2.8 然后到另外一台服务器，web2去配置
跟web1一样的操作
先切换网卡为仅主机模式（ipvsadm和keepalived已经yum完毕）
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# systemctl stop firewalld
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# cd /var/www/html/
[aaa@qq.com html]# echo "this is accp web2" > index.html
[aaa@qq.com html]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-isdn ifup ifup-plip ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-lo ifdown-post ifup-aliases ifup-plusb ifup-wireless
ifdown ifdown-ppp ifup-bnep ifup-post init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep ifdown-routes ifup-eth ifup-ppp network-functions
ifdown-eth ifdown-sit ifup-ib ifup-routes network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-ib ifdown-Team ifup-ippp ifup-sit
ifdown-ippp ifdown-TeamPort ifup-ipv6 ifup-Team
ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-tunnel ifup-isdn ifup-TeamPort
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# cp -p ifcfg-lo ifcfg-lo:0
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-tunnel ifup-isdn ifup-TeamPort
ifcfg-lo ifdown-isdn ifup ifup-plip ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-lo:0 ifdown-post ifup-aliases ifup-plusb ifup-wireless
ifdown ifdown-ppp ifup-bnep ifup-post init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep ifdown-routes ifup-eth ifup-ppp network-functions
ifdown-eth ifdown-sit ifup-ib ifup-routes network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-ib ifdown-Team ifup-ippp ifup-sit
ifdown-ippp ifdown-TeamPort ifup-ipv6 ifup-Team
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-lo:0
DEVICE=lo:0
IPADDR=192.168.100.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=YES
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
# Generated by dracut initrd
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT=yes
NETBOOT=yes
UUID="e242604f-11ba-46c3-8112-0f30fac1082a"
IPV6INIT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
TYPE=Ethernet
IPADDR=192.168.100.202
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.202 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
lo:0: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 192.168.100.10 netmask 255.255.255.0
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# cd /etc/init.d/
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# ls
functions netconsole network README web.sh
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# chmod +x web.sh
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# service web.sh start
RealServer Start OK
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# systemctl start httpd
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# ifup lo:0
[aaa@qq.com init.d]#
2.9 两台web节点都重新启动一下lo:0网卡
[aaa@qq.com init.d]# ifup lo:0
web2的httpd验证
3 此时上面两个节点已经部署好了，接下来到lvs节点部署keepdalived
3.1 编辑/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf脚本
[aaa@qq.com ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
10 smtp_server 127.0.0.1 //smtp邮件服务
12 router_id LVS_01 //router-id不能相同
20 state MASTER //主服务器是MASTER，从服务器是BACKUP
21 interface ens33 //端口是ens33，未修改的eth0是centos6的网卡名称
22 virtual_router_id 51 //虚拟的router-id指的是组号，同一个虚拟IP的服务器的组号要一致
23 priority 100 //优先级，主服务器要比从服务器高，当主服务器宕机时，优先级会自动减，默认减10，所以为了让从服务器顶上去，从服务器的优先级可以设为95
25 authentication { //auth 验证，如果修改的话，同一组号的数据都要相同，这里是实验，就不修改了
26 auth_type PASS
27 auth_pass 1111
28 }
29 virtual_ipaddress { //虚拟IP地址，可以写多个，这里留一个就行，192.168.100.10
30 192.168.200.10
31 192.168.200.17
32 192.168.200.18
33 }
34 virtual_server 192.168.100.10 80 { //虚拟IP地址，访问80端口
36 lb_algo rr //轮询算法
37 lb_kind DR //改为DR模式
41 real_server 192.168.100.201 80 { //web节点服务器地址
42 weight 1 //权重为1
43 SSL_GET { //把这一部分删除，43-51，添加使用TCP检查
44 url {
45 path /
46 digest ff20ad2481f97b1754ef3e12ecd3a9cc
47 }
48 url {
49 path /mrtg/
50 digest 9b3a0c85a887a256d6939da88aabd8cd
51 }
43 TCP_CHECK { //43-44为添加部分
44 connect_port 80
//接下来吧real_server部分复制出来一份在同一个virtual_server中
50 real_server 192.168.100.202 80 {
51 weight 1
52 TCP_CHECK {
53 connect_port 80
54 connect_timeout 3
55 nb_get_retry 3
56 delay_before_retry 3
57 }
58 }
//然后把其余的部分删掉，
61 virtual_server 10.10.10.2 1358 { //从这一行起，往下全部删除
保存退出之后，使用scp复制此脚本到lvs2服务器节点上，然后进行修改
[aaa@qq.com ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf aaa@qq.com:/etc/keepalived/
The authenticity of host '192.168.100.111 (192.168.100.111)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:x1H9Hass0iDGNKV6ZT9+Sc5KRNPzbWu3EE5vCsCGa+U.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:99:54:50:44:f6:b5:e6:79:95:ac:79:b9:b4:a7:3a:4c.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.111' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
aaa@qq.com's password:
keepalived.conf 100% 1149 824.4KB/s 00:00
[aaa@qq.com ~]#
此时切换到lvs2节点，修改scp过来的/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf文件
[aaa@qq.com ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
12 router_id LVS_02
20 state BACKUP
23 priority 95
3.2 配置文件修改完毕，然后可以启动服务了
[aaa@qq.com ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service
[aaa@qq.com ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service
4 测试：打开客户端，设置仅主机模式，设置静态IP
4.1 只成功了一次，到服务器里面把网卡重新启动一下
[aaa@qq.com ~]# systemctl restart network
[aaa@qq.com ~]# ifup ens33:0
[aaa@qq.com ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service
[aaa@qq.com ~]#
[aaa@qq.com ~]# systemctl restart network
[aaa@qq.com ~]# ifup ens33:0
开启到lvs2的网卡，就成功了
4.2 这个时候去网页访问一下，访问到web2节点服务器内容
这个时候关掉LVS1服务器网卡，访问到web1节点服务器内容
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]# systemctl stop network
[aaa@qq.com network-scripts]#
再次开启LVS1服务器网卡，会发现无法访问，
再次关闭LVS1服务器网卡，可以访问，此时轮询到web2节点服务器上
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