Java代码实现excel的导入和导出
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2024-03-20 21:00:58
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简介
目前比较常用的实现Java导入、导出Excel的技术有:Jakarta POI、freemarker和Java Excel，在此只对Jakarta POI做简单的讲解
https://www.cnblogs.com/liuyk-code/p/6672347.html
常用方法
Jakarta POI 是一套用于访问微软格式文档的Java API。Jakarta POI有很多组件组成，其中有用于操作Excel格式文件的HSSF和用于操作Word的HWPF，在各种组件中目前只有用于操作Excel的HSSF相对成熟。官方主页:http://poi.apache.org/index.html ，API文档: http://poi.apache.org/apidocs/index.html
- 遍历workbook
// load源文件
POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream(filePath));
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
for (int i = 0; i < wb.getNumberOfSheets(); i++) {
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(i);
for (int i = sheet.getFirstRowNum(); i < sheet.getLastRowNum(); i ++) {
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
if (row != null) {
。。。操作}
}
}
// 目标文件
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(objectPath);
//写文件
swb.write(fos);
fos.close();
- 得到列和单元格
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) j);
- 设置sheet名称和单元格内容为中文
wb.setSheetName(n, "中文",HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);
cell.setEncoding((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue("中文");
- 单元格内容未公式或数值，可以这样读写
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
cell.getNumericCellValue()
- 设置列宽、行高
sheet.setColumnWidth((short)column,(short)width);
row.setHeight((short)height);
- 添加区域，合并单元格
Region region = new Region((short)rowFrom,(short)columnFrom,(short)rowTo,(short)columnTo);
sheet.addMergedRegion(region);
//得到所有区域
sheet.getNumMergedRegions()
- 常用方法
根据单元格不同属性返回字符串数值
public String getCellStringValue(HSSFCell cell) {
String cellValue = "";
switch (cell.getCellType()) {
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
if(cellValue.trim().equals("")||cellValue.trim().length()<=0)
cellValue=" ";
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
cellValue=" ";
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
break;
default:
break;
}
return cellValue;
}
- 常用单元格边框格式
虚线HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED
实线HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN
public static HSSFCellStyle getCellStyle(short type)
{
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setBorderBottom(type);//下边框
style.setBorderLeft(type);//左边框
style.setBorderRight(type);//右边框
style.setBorderTop(type);//上边框
return style;
}
- 设置字体和内容位置
HSSFFont f = wb.createFont();
f.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 11);//字号
f.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);//加粗
style.setFont(f);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//左右居中
style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//上下居中
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
HSSFDataFormat df = wb.createDataFormat();
style1.setDataFormat(df.getFormat("0.00%"));//设置单元格数据格式
cell.setCellFormula(string);//给单元格设公式
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
cell.setCellStyle(style);
10.插入图片
//先把读进来的图片放到一个ByteArrayOutputStream中，以便产生ByteArray
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
BufferedImage bufferImg = ImageIO.read(new File("ok.jpg"));
ImageIO.write(bufferImg,"jpg",byteArrayOut);
//读进一个excel模版
FileInputStream fos = new FileInputStream(filePathName+"/stencil.xlt");
fs = new POIFSFileSystem(fos);
//创建一个工作薄
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,1023,255,(short) 0,0,(short)10,10);
patriarch.createPicture(anchor , wb.addPicture(byteArrayOut.toByteArray(),HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
导出Excel
- 环境配置（导入jar包）
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.15</version>
</dependency>
- Jakarta POI HSSF API组件
HSSF（用于操作Excel的组件）提供给用户使用的对象在rg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel包中,主要部分包括Excel对象，样式和格式，还有辅助操作。有以下几种对象：
常用组件：
HSSFWorkbook excel的文档对象
HSSFSheet excel的表单
HSSFRow excel的行
HSSFCell excel的格子单元
HSSFFont excel字体
HSSFDataFormat 日期格式
HSSFHeader sheet头
HSSFFooter sheet尾（只有打印的时候才能看到效果）
样式：
HSSFCellStyle cell样式
辅助操作包括：
HSSFDateUtil 日期
HSSFPrintSetup 打印
HSSFErrorConstants 错误信息表
-
基本操作步骤
首先，理解一下一个Excel的文件的组织形式，一个Excel文件对应于一个workbook(HSSFWorkbook)，一个workbook可以有多个sheet（HSSFSheet）组成，一个sheet是由多个row（HSSFRow）组成，一个row是由多个cell（HSSFCell）组成。
基本操作步骤：
a、用HSSFWorkbook打开或者创建“Excel文件对象”
b、用HSSFWorkbook对象返回或者创建Sheet对象
c、用Sheet对象返回行对象，用行对象得到Cell对象
d、对Cell对象读写。 -
测试用例（暂定）
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.Region;
public class POIExportExcel {
public HSSFWorkbook generateExcel1(List list, HSSFWorkbook wb, String title) {
//行的数量
int rows = 0;
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1");
// 数据格样式
HSSFCellStyle dataCellStyle = createDataCellStyle(wb);
// 小标题样式
HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = createCellStyle(wb);
sheet.setDefaultRowHeight((short) 400);//设置所有行高为400
//设置列宽
sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 1, (short) 2800);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 2, (short) 2800);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 3, (short) 2800);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 4, (short) 2800);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 5, (short) 2800);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 6, (short) 2800);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 7, (short) 2800);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 8, (short) 2800);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 9, (short) 2800);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 10, (short) 3200);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 11, (short) 3200);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 12, (short) 3200);
sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 13, (short) 3200);
//标题行
HSSFRow row1 = sheet.createRow((short) (rows++));
row1.setHeight((short) 500);
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(0, (short) 0, 0, (short) 13));//横跨1-14列
createCell(row1, (short) 0, cellStyle, title);
//表头行(1,2列合并；3,4,5,6,7列合并；8,9列合并)
HSSFRow row2 = sheet.createRow((short) (rows++));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 0, 1, (short) 1));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 2, 1, (short) 6));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 7, 1, (short) 8));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 9, 1, (short) 9));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 10, 1, (short) 10));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 11, 1, (short) 11));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 12, 1, (short) 12));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 13, 1, (short) 13));
createCell(row2, (short) 0, dataCellStyle, "name1");
createNullCell(row2, (short) 1, dataCellStyle);
createCell(row2, (short) 2, dataCellStyle, "name2");
createNullCell(row2, (short) 3, dataCellStyle);
createNullCell(row2, (short) 4, dataCellStyle);
createNullCell(row2, (short) 5, dataCellStyle);
createNullCell(row2, (short) 6, dataCellStyle);
createCell(row2, (short) 7, dataCellStyle, "name3");
createNullCell(row2, (short) 8, dataCellStyle);
createCell(row2, (short) 9, dataCellStyle, "name4");
createCell(row2, (short) 10, dataCellStyle, "name5");
createCell(row2, (short) 11, dataCellStyle, "name6");
createCell(row2, (short) 12, dataCellStyle, "name7");
createCell(row2, (short) 13, dataCellStyle, "name8");
//遍历集合,保存数据到单元格
for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++){
Object javaBean = list.get(i);
//具体的数据值通过对象去获取，这里简单给值
String variable1 = "value1"+"_"+i;
String variable2 = "value2"+"_"+i;
String variable3 = "value3"+"_"+i;
String variable4 = "value4"+"_"+i;
String variable5 = "value5"+"_"+i;
String variable6 = "value6"+"_"+i;
String variable7 = "value7"+"_"+i;
String variable8 = "value8"+"_"+i;
HSSFRow rowi = sheet.createRow((short) (rows++));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 0, i+2, (short) 1));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 2, i+2, (short) 6));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 7, i+2, (short) 8));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 9, i+2, (short) 9));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 10, i+2, (short) 10));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 11, i+2, (short) 11));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 12, i+2, (short) 12));
sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 13, i+2, (short) 13));
createCell(rowi, (short) 0, dataCellStyle, variable1);
createNullCell(rowi, (short) 1, dataCellStyle);
createCell(rowi, (short) 2, dataCellStyle, variable2);
createNullCell(rowi, (short) 3, dataCellStyle);
createNullCell(rowi, (short) 4, dataCellStyle);
createNullCell(rowi, (short) 5, dataCellStyle);
createNullCell(rowi, (short) 6, dataCellStyle);
createCell(rowi, (short) 7, dataCellStyle, variable3);
createNullCell(rowi, (short) 8, dataCellStyle);
createCell(rowi, (short) 9, dataCellStyle, variable4);
createCell(rowi, (short) 10, dataCellStyle, variable5);
createCell(rowi, (short) 11, dataCellStyle, variable6);
createCell(rowi, (short) 12, dataCellStyle, variable7);
createCell(rowi, (short) 13, dataCellStyle, variable8);
}
return wb;
}
/**
* 创建单元格
* @param row
* @param id
* @param style
* @param value
*/
private void createCell(HSSFRow row, short id, HSSFCellStyle style,
String value) {
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) id);
// cell.setEncoding(HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);
cell.setCellValue(value);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
}
/**
* 创建空的单元格
*/
private HSSFCell createNullCell(HSSFRow row, short id, HSSFCellStyle style) {
HSSFCell null1Cell = row.createCell(id);
null1Cell.setCellStyle(style);
return null1Cell;
}
/**
* 设置数据单元格样式
* @param wb
* @return
*/
private HSSFCellStyle createDataCellStyle(HSSFWorkbook wb) {
HSSFCellStyle dataCellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
// 水平居中
dataCellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_LEFT);
dataCellStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
dataCellStyle.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
dataCellStyle.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
dataCellStyle.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
return dataCellStyle;
}
/**
* 设置单元格样式
* @param wb
* @return
*/
private HSSFCellStyle createCellStyle(HSSFWorkbook wb) {
// 小标题样式
HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
// 水平居中
cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
// 字体
HSSFFont littleFont = wb.createFont();
// 设置字体为粗体
littleFont.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
// 然后将字体关联到样式
cellStyle.setFont(littleFont);
cellStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
cellStyle.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
cellStyle.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
cellStyle.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
return cellStyle;
}
public static void main(String[] args){
/*String serverPath = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+"exportExcel";
//在服务器端创建文件夹
File file = new File(serverPath+path);
if(!file.exists()){
file.mkdir();
}
SimpleDateFormat sfm = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
String filename = "excel" + "_" + sfm.format(new java.util.Date());
String encodedfileName = new String(filename.getBytes(), "GBK");
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(serverPath+path+"/"+encodedfileName+".xls"); */
new POIExportExcel();
String title = "POI导出excel";
List list = new ArrayList<String>();
//加入两条做个测试
list.add(new String());
list.add(new String());
try {
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("D:/"+title+".xls");
HSSFWorkbook wb =new HSSFWorkbook();
wb = new POIExportExcel().generateExcel1(list,wb,title);
wb.write(out);
/*List srcfile=new ArrayList();
srcfile.add(new File(serverPath+path+"/"+encodedfileName+".xls"));
//将服务器上存放Excel的文件夹打成zip包
File zipfile = new File(serverPath+path+".zip");
ZipUtil.zipFiles(srcfile, zipfile);
//弹出下载框供用户下载
this.downFile(response,serverPath, path+".zip");*/
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
导入Excel
读取Excel文件时，首先生成一个POIFSFileSystem对象，由POIFSFileSystem对象构造一个HSSFWorkbook，该HSSFWorkbook对象就代表了Excel文档。
- 引入jar包
包括dom4j.jar和xmlbeans.jar
没有的话会抛出：Exception in thread “main” java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/xmlbeans/XmlObject
<dependency>
<groupId>dom4j</groupId>
<artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
- 例子
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.RichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
public class MyExcelReader {
/**
* 分析获取上传的excel文件中的数据信息。 仅对Excel文件的第一张表进行分析，分析过程中如果遇到空行就结束。
* @param file
* excel
* @return excel中对应的数据以二维数组形式返回
* @throws Exception
*/
private String[][] readExcel(File file) {
String[][] data = null;
Workbook wb = null;
try {
// 解析excel2003
if (file.getName().endsWith(".xls")) {
POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream(
file.getPath()));
// excel数据对象
wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
}
// 解析excel2007及以上
if (file.getName().endsWith(".xlsx")) {
wb = new XSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(file.getPath()));
}
// excel中对应的表单
Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
// excel中的有效列数
int colNum = getValidColNum(sheet);
// 只有excel的有效列数大于零才对数据进行分析
if (colNum > 0) {
// 从Excel中获取到的有效数据
data = getExcelData(sheet, colNum);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return data;
}
/**
* 得到表单的有效列数. 获取表单第一行开始位置连续非空单元格的个数
*
* @param sheet
* Excel的表单
* @return 列数
* @throws Exception
*/
private int getValidColNum(Sheet sheet) throws Exception {
// 判断文件是否为空文件
if (sheet.getRow(0) == null) {
System.out.println("文件为空");
throw new Exception("error.importExcel.blankExcelFile");
}
// 表单总列数
int colNum = sheet.getRow(0).getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
Row row = sheet.getRow(0);
// 如果表单第一行即表头位置出现空单元格，该单元格后面的信息不在导入
for (int i = 0; i < colNum; i++) {
if (row.getCell((short) i) != null) {
Cell cell = row.getCell((short) i);
String value = this.getCellValue(cell);
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(value)) {
colNum = i;
break;
}
}
// 如果列表头信息为空，不读取后面的数据
else {
colNum = i;
}
}
return colNum;
}
/**
* 读取Excel数据. 读取过程中，遇到空行自动停止，舍弃空行后面的数据。 可根据数组信息获取Excel的有效行数
*
* @param sheet
* 表单对象
* @param colNum
* 有效列数
* @return 数据二维数组
*/
private String[][] getExcelData(Sheet sheet, int colNum) {
int tempRowNum = sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows();
// 存储从Excel表中读取的数据信息
List<List<String>> dataList = new ArrayList<List<String>>();
// 读取Excel数据，将其存储在可变长的List容器中，同时得到Excel文件的有效数据行数
int rowNum = 0;
for (; rowNum < tempRowNum && sheet.getRow(rowNum) != null; rowNum++) {
List<String> rowData = new ArrayList<String>();
// 对行信息进行累加，判断该行是否为空行
String rowValue = "";
for (int j = 0; j < colNum; j++) {
if (sheet.getRow(rowNum).getCell((short) j) != null) {
Cell cell = sheet.getRow(rowNum).getCell((short) j);
String value = getCellValue(cell);
rowData.add(value);
rowValue += value;
} else {
rowData.add(null);
}
}
// 读取信息时如遇到空行，结束读入
if (rowValue.length() == 0) {
break;
} else {
dataList.add(rowData);
}
}
// 将Excel数据转存到数组对象中
String[][] data = new String[rowNum][colNum];
for (int i = 0; i < dataList.size(); i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < dataList.get(i).size(); j++) {
data[i][j] = dataList.get(i).get(j);
}
}
return data;
}
/**
* 得到Excel单元格的数据内容
*
* @param cell
* Excel单元格对象
* @return 单元格的内容
*/
public String getCellValue(Cell cell) {
// excel的日期格式和java的有很大区别
if (cell.getCellType() == Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC
&& DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
return new Date(cell.getDateCellValue().getTime()).toString();
} else if (cell.getCellType() == HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC) {
double value = cell.getNumericCellValue();
return new DecimalFormat("###.####").format(value);
} else {
String result = "";
try {
RichTextString textString = cell.getRichStringCellValue();
if (textString != null) {
result = textString.getString().trim();
result = this.subStr(result);
if (result.length() > 0) {
char firstChar = result.charAt(0);
// 如果信息不是以英文字符或数字开始，替换掉信息中的所有中英文空格，以英文或数字开始的信息不处理
if (!(firstChar >= 'a' && firstChar <= 'z'
|| firstChar >= 'A' && firstChar <= 'Z' || firstChar >= '0'
&& firstChar <= '9')) {
result = result.replaceAll(" ", "").replaceAll(" ",
"");
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}
/**
* 截取字符串中的内码
*
* @param str
* @return
*/
public String subStr(String str) {
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
// 韩文等乱码,均以&#开头以；结束的字符
if (str.indexOf("&#") >= 0
&& str.indexOf(";", str.indexOf("&#")) > 0) {
String s2 = str.substring(str.indexOf("&#"), str.indexOf(";",
str.indexOf("&#")) + 1);
s2 = this.cov(s2);
str = str.substring(0, str.indexOf("&#"))
+ s2
+ str.substring(
str.indexOf(";", str.indexOf("&#")) + 1, str
.length());
}
}
return str;
}
/**
* 转化编码，韩文等乱码
*
* @param string
* @return
*/
public String cov(String string) {
String str = string.replaceAll("&#", ",").replaceAll(";", "");
String[] s2 = str.split(",");
String s1 = "";
for (int i = 1; i < s2.length; i++) {
int a = Integer.parseInt(s2[i], 10);
s1 = s1 + (char) a;
}
return s1;
}
/**
* 测试
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file = new File("D:/test.xlsx");
// 保存Excel文件到服务器
String[][] dataArray = new MyExcelReader().readExcel(file);
// System.out.println("标题："+dataArray[0].toString());
for (int i = 0; i < dataArray.length; i++) {
String[] rowData = dataArray[i];
for (int j = 0; j < rowData.length; j++) {
System.out.println("第" + (i + 1) + "行第" + (j + 1) + "列："
+ dataArray[i][j]);
}
}
}
}
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