1. FTP服务器简单创建
1.1. 1.环境
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)-amd64
- 查看linux版本:
[[email protected] vsftpd]# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
[[email protected] vsftpd]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Release: 6.5
Codename: Final
1.2. 安装vsftpd
- 安装vsftpd
yum install vsftpd
- 安装成功后查看
[[email protected] vsftpd]# rpm -qa |grep vsftpd
vsftpd-2.2.2-21.el6.x86_64
- 开启ftp服务
[[email protected] vsftpd]# service vsftpd start
为 vsftpd 启动 vsftpd: [确定]
- 停止ftp服务
[[email protected] vsftpd]# service vsftpd stop
关闭 vsftpd: [确定]
1.3. 创建用户
专门创建一个ftp链接的用户,限制其只能通过ftp方式登录,只能访问指定给他的目录。
1.3.1. 创建用户
- 创建分组,用于存放ftp用户(可以省略)
groupadd ftpgroups
- 创建ftp用户,并加入ftpgroups组,/home/ftp是自己建的目录,不存在就自己创建一个(目录自己定义)
useradd -d /home/ftp/ftptest -g ftpgroups ftptest
-d 后面是指定用户目录的 -g 分配所属组 (如果没创建上面的组 可以省略-g 及后面的组名 ftpgroups)
- 给用户授权文件夹的写权限(我做的需要上传文件)
chmod -R 755 /home/ftp
1.3.2. 设置密码
passwd ftptest
输入两次密码
1.3.3. 设置不允许用于登录
usermod -s /sbin/nologin ftptest
没设置这个的时候,虽然没有ssh的登录权限,但是用xshell链接的时候会进入~bash对其他文件进行操作.
1.4. 配置vsftpd
安装vsftpd之后,在/etc/vsftpd 下有三个配置文件:
-rw——- 1 root root 125 2月 8 14:46 ftpusers
-rw——- 1 root root 384 2月 8 15:35 user_list
-rw——- 1 root root 4765 2月 8 16:35 vsftpd.conf
-rwxr–r– 1 root root 338 5月 11 2016 vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh
1.4.1. 配置文件
- ftpusers 可以简单理解为黑名单,其中的用户不能访问ftp,总是生效的
- user_list 与 vsftpd.conf中的配置userlist_enable=YES 和 userlist_deny=NO功能使用,可以设置成黑名单,白名单(只有此文件里的用户才能使用ftp),具体设置看下面
- vsftpd.conf 主配置文件
修改一下配置文件让其只能访问自身目录
vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
如下设置
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
chroot_list 文件自己创建,如果需要让某些用户可以访问其他目录,就把用户加到这个文件中
解释一下userlist_enable=YES,userlist_deny=NO
userlist_enable 为YES时user_list文件有效,NO 则不生效
userlist_deny 为YES时user_list文件为黑名单,NO为白名单
通过配置指定user_list
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list
2. 我的配置
ftpusers 不变
chroot_list 创建了内容为空
user_list 修改为
# vsftpd userlist
# If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file
# If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and
# do not even prompt for a password.
# Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
# for users that are denied.
#root
#bin
#daemon
#adm
#lp
#sync
#shutdown
#halt
#mail
#news
#uucp
#operator
#games
#nobody
ftptest
vsftpd.conf修改为
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file.
# This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES
# WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files.
# NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
userlist_deny=NO
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
3. JAVA上传下载
3.1. java需要的jar
commons-io-2.1.jar
commons-net-1.4.1.jar
3.2. java代码demo
package ftp;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPClient;
public class FtpTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
testUpload();
testDownload();
}
/**
* FTP上传单个文件测试
*/
public static void testUpload() {
FTPClient ftpClient = new FTPClient();
FileInputStream fis = null;
try {
ftpClient.connect("192.168.0.1");
System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());
ftpClient.login("username", "password");
System.out.println(ftpClient.getReplyCode() + ftpClient.getReplyString());
File srcFile = new File("C:\\Users\\jk\\Desktop\\img.jpg");
System.out.println(srcFile.exists());
fis = new FileInputStream(srcFile);
//设置上传目录
ftpClient.changeWorkingDirectory("/admin");
System.out.println(ftpClient.getReplyCode() + ftpClient.getReplyString());
ftpClient.setBufferSize(1024);
System.out.println(ftpClient.getReplyCode() + ftpClient.getReplyString());
ftpClient.setControlEncoding("GBK");
System.out.println(ftpClient.getReplyCode() + ftpClient.getReplyString());
//设置文件类型(二进制)
ftpClient.setFileType(FTPClient.BINARY_FILE_TYPE);
System.out.println(ftpClient.getReplyCode() + ftpClient.getReplyString());
ftpClient.storeFile("5.gif", fis);
System.out.println(ftpClient.getReplyCode() + ftpClient.getReplyString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("FTP客户端出错!", e);
} finally {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(fis);
try {
ftpClient.disconnect();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("关闭FTP连接发生异常!", e);
}
}
}
/**
* FTP下载单个文件测试
*/
public static void testDownload() {
FTPClient ftpClient = new FTPClient();
FileOutputStream fos = null;
try {
ftpClient.connect("192.168.0.1");
System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());
ftpClient.login("username", "password");
System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());
String remoteFileName = "/3.gif";
fos = new FileOutputStream("C:/Users/jk/Desktop/3.jpg");
ftpClient.setBufferSize(1024);
System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());
//设置文件类型(二进制)
ftpClient.setFileType(FTPClient.BINARY_FILE_TYPE);
System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());
ftpClient.retrieveFile(remoteFileName, fos);
System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("FTP客户端出错!", e);
} finally {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(fos);
try {
ftpClient.disconnect();
System.out.print(ftpClient.getReplyString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("关闭FTP连接发生异常!", e);
}
}
}
}
3.3. 其他(我没有用到,服务器之前就用着)
如果还是登陆不了ftp,那很有可能是selinux的问题,这个东西把他关掉就行
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=enforcing 设置成SELINUX=disabled
重启一下服务器
reboot
重启完了别忘了把vsftpd服务打开,默认是自启的。
如果连接不上,很可能是防火墙阻止了,尝试关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动
firewall-cmd –state #查看默认防火墙状态(关闭后显示notrunning,开启后显示running)
如果出现远程文件夹无法显示的情况,请使用主动模式连接,在你的ftp工具上设置。
3.4. linux下ftp配置文件详解
# 匿名用户配置
anonymous_enable=YES # 是否允许匿名ftp,如否则选择NO
anon_upload_enable=YES # 匿名用户是否能上传
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # 匿名用户是否能创建目录
anon_other_write_enable=YES # 修改文件名和删除文件
# 本地用户配置
local_enable=YES # 是否允许本地用户登录
local_umask=022 # umask 默认755
write_enable=YES
chroot_local_user=YES # 本地用户禁锢在宿主目录中
chroot_list_enable=YES # 是否将系统用户限止在自己的home目录下
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list # 列出的是不chroot的用户的列表
chown_upload=YES # 是否改变上传文件的属主
chown_username=username # 如果是需要输入一个系统用户名
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_deny=NO
deny_email_enable=YES # 是否允许禁止匿名用户使用某些邮件地址
banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails # 禁止邮件地址的文件路径
ftpd_banner=Welcome to chenlf FTP service. # 定制欢迎信息
dirmessage_enable=YES # 是否显示目录说明文件, 需要收工创建.message文件
message_file= # 设置访问一个目录时获得的目录信息文件的文件名,默认是.message
xferlog_enable=YES # 是否记录ftp传输过程
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log # ftp传输日志的路径和名字
xferlog_std_format=YES # 是否使用标准的ftp xferlog模式
ascii_upload_enable=YES # 是否使用ascii码方式上传文件
ascii_download_enable=YES # 是否使用ascii码方式下载文件
connect_from_port_20=YES # 是否确信端口传输来自20(ftp-data)
nopriv_user=ftpsecure # 运行vsftpd需要的非特权系统用户默认是nobody
async_abor_enable=YES # 是否允许运行特殊的ftp命令async ABOR.
# FTP服务器的资源限制
idle_session_timeout=600 # 设置session超时时间
data_connection_timeout=120 # 设置数据传输超时时间
max_clients=50 # 用户最大连接数 默认是0不限止
max_per_ip=5 # 每个IP地址最大连接数
anon_max_rate=102400 # 匿名的下载速度 KB
local_max_rate=102400 # 普通用户的下载速度 KB
其他配置文件
/etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd
service ftp
{
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/local/sbin/vsftpd
# server_args =
# log_on_success += DURATION USERID
# log_on_failure += USERID
nice = 10
disable = no
}
/etc/pam.d/vsftpd
PAM 认证
/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
此文件包含对服务器上所有FTP内容有权限的用户名。对其他用户来说,他们在服务器上的主目录对他们显示为根目录。
/etc/shells
在允许本地用户登录之前,系统默认检查是否有有效的用户 shell。以防 PAM 认证不可用的情况。
/etc/ftpusers
此文件包含*禁止*FTP登录的用户名,通常有 "root", "uucp", "news" 之类,因为这些用户权限太高,登录 FTP 误操作危险性大。
防火墙设置
如果是用默认的SuSEFirewall2,在 YaST-系统-/etc/sysconfig 编辑器,network-SuSEfirewall2
把 ftp 添加到 FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP,比如你还要打开 ssh 那么
FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP "ftp ssh"
如果你需要被动模式 FTP 和 nat,在 YaST-系统-/etc/sysconfig 编辑器,network-SuSEfirewall2
FW_LOAD_MODULES "ip_conntrack_ftp ip_nat_ftp"
另一种方式直接修改防火墙配置文件:
# cd /etc/sysconfig/
# vi SuSEfirewall2
FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP "ftp 21 telnet 23"