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第八章(2)

程序员文章站 2024-03-18 23:38:04
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  1. 上传文件示例(html)
  2. fbc和cbv
  3. html获取字典(keys,values)
  4. django路由系统
  5. django路由系统(url正则表达式)
  6. django路由转发(include)
  7. django数据库
  8. django数据库字段参数
  9. 关联表
  10. request,POST.GET.FILES方法
  11. django数据库增删改查
  12. 数据库类型
  13. 循环生成***
  14. Ajax
  15. 数据库表多对多

1.上传文件示例(html)login.html

login.html

from django.shortcuts import render
import os
# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from django.core.files.uploadedfile import InMemoryUploadedFile

def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request,'login.html')
    elif request.method == "POST":
        # v = request.POST.get('gender')       获取单选
        # print(v)
        # v = request.POST.getlist('favor')    获取多选(list)
        # print(v)
        # v = request.POST.get('fafafa')
        # print(v)
        obj = request.FILES.get('fafafa')       获取文件
        print(obj,type(obj),obj.name)
        file_path = os.path.join('upload',obj.name)
        f = open(file_path,mode='wb')
        for i in obj.chunks():
            f.write(i)
        f.close()

        return render(request,'login.html')
    else:
        return redirect('/index/')

 

<body>
    <form action="/login/" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data"> #上传文件
        <p>
            <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名" />
        </p>
        <p>
            <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码"/>
        </p>
        <p>
            男：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"/>
            女：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="2"/>
            二：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="3"/>
        </p>
        <p>
            男：<input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="11"/>
            女：<input type="checkbox" name="favor" value=22"/>
            二：<input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="33"/>
        </p>
        <p>
            <select name="city" multiple>         #多选
                <option value="sh">上海</option>
                <option value="bj">北京</option>
                <option value="ti">天津</option>
            </select>
        </p>
        <p>
            <input type="file" name="fafafa" />
        </p>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

views.py

2.fbv&cbv

url.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url
from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'login/',views.login),                            #fbv
    url(r'home/', views.Home.as_view())           #cbv
]

templates\home.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/home/" method="POST">
        <input type="text" name="user"/>
        <input type="submit"/>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

cmdb\views.py

from django.views import View
class Home(View):
    def dispatch(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
       #调用父类中的dispatch
        print('before')
        result = super(Home,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
        print('after')
        return result

    def get(self,request):
        print(request.method)
        return render(request,'home.html')

    def post(self,request):
        print(request.method,"POST")
        return render(request,'home.html')

html获取字典(keys,values)

login.html

<body>
    <ul>
        {% for k in user_dict.keys %}
            <li>{{ k }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
     <ul>
        {% for k in user_dict.values %}
            <li>{{ k }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
    <ul>
        {% for k,row in user_dict.items %}
            <li>{{ k }}-{{ row }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>


viewa.py

USER_DICT = {
    'k1':'root1',
    'k2':'root2',
    'k3':'root3',
    'k4':'root4',
}
def index(request):
    return render(request, 'index.html',{'user_dict' : USER_DICT})

django路由系统(url正则表达式)

1,url(r'^index/',views.index),  url(r'^home/',views.Home.as_view()),

{% for k,row in user_list.items %}
	<li><a target="_blank" href="/detail/?nid={{ k }}">{{ row.name }} </a></li>
{% endfor %}


2,url(r'^detail-(\d+).html',views.detail),  

{% for k,row in user_list.items %}
	<li><a target="_blank" href="/detail-{{ k }}.html">{{ row.name }} </a></li>
{% endfor %}

url(r'^detail-(?p<nid>\d+)-(?p<uid>\d+).html', views.detail)
def detail(request, *args,kwargs):
	pass　

django路由转发(include)

对url路由关系进行命名, 以后可以根据次名生成自己想要的URL

url.py

url(r'^asd/', views.index, name='i1'),
url(r'^yug/(\d+)/(\d+)/', views.index, name='i2'),
url(r'^buy/(?p<pid>\d+)/(?p<nid>\d+)/', views.index, name='i3'),

xxx.html

{% url 'i1' %}               #asd/
{% url 'i2' 1 2 %}           #yug/1/2/
{% url 'i3' pid=1 nid=9 %}   #buy/1/9/

views(from django.urls import reverse 自动生成URL)

def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
	from diango.urls import reverse
	
	url1 = reverse('i1')                             # asd/
	url2 = reverse('i2',args=(1,2,))                 # yug/1/2/
	url3 = reverse('i3', kwargs={'pid':1, "nid": 9}) # buy/1/9/

phicomm/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url,include

urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^cmdb/', include("app01.urls")),
    url(r'^monitor/', include("app02.urls")),
]

app01/urls.py

from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^login/', views.login),
]

app01/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

def login(request):
    return HttpResponse('APP01,login')

django数据库

app01/models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    # id列，自增，主键
    # 用户名列，字符串类型，指定长度
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    
    生成表记录
    python manage.py makemigrations
    
    创建表
    python manage.py migrate

phicomm/settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01'  ###
]

链接mysql

DATABASES = {
        'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'dbname',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'XXXX',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}

phicomm/init.py

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

增删改查

phicomm/settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01'
]



DATABASES = {
        'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'abc',
        'USER': 'test',
        'PASSWORD': '123.com',
        'HOST': '192.168.1.6',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}

phicomm/urls.py
urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^cmdb/', include("app01.urls")),
    url(r'^monitor/', include("app02.urls")),
]


app01/urls.py
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^login/', views.login),
    url(r'^orm/',views.orm),

from app01 import models
def orm(request):
    #创建
    #models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='root',password='123')

    # dic = {'username': 'test','password':'789'}
    # models.UserInfo.objects.create(**dic)

    # obj = models.UserInfo(username='zhang',password='123')
    # obj.save()

    #查
    #result = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
    # result = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username="root",id='1')
    # for row in result:
    #     print(row.id,row.username,row.password)

    #删除
    # models.UserInfo.objects.all(id='3').delete()
    # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id='3').delete()

    #更新
    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=4).update(password='6789')
    return HttpResponse('orm')　　

django数据库字段参数

class UserInfo(moldels.Model):
	# id列，自增，主键
	# 用户名列，字符串类型，指定长度
	# 字符串，数字，时间，二进制
	username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
	password = models.CharField(max_length=60)
	email = models.CharField(max_length=60)
	test = models.EmailField(max-length=19,null=True)
	#test = models.URLField(max-length=19,null=True)
	#test = models.GenericIPAddressField()

null                数据库中字段是否可以为空
    db_column           数据库中字段的列名
    db_tablespace
    default             数据库中字段的默认值
    primary_key         数据库中字段是否为主键
    db_index            数据库中字段是否可以建立索引
    unique              数据库中字段是否可以建立唯一索引
    unique_for_date     数据库中字段【日期】部分是否可以建立唯一索引
    unique_for_month    数据库中字段【月】部分是否可以建立唯一索引
    unique_for_year     数据库中字段【年】部分是否可以建立唯一索引

    verbose_name        Admin中显示的字段名称
    blank               Admin中是否允许用户输入为空
    editable            Admin中是否可以编辑
    help_text           Admin中该字段的提示信息
    choices             Admin中显示选择框的内容，用不变动的数据放在内存中从而避免跨表操作
                        如：gf = models.IntegerField(choices=[(0, '何穗'),(1, '大表姐'),],default=1)

    error_messages      自定义错误信息（字典类型），从而定制想要显示的错误信息；
                        字典健：null, blank, invalid, invalid_choice, unique, and unique_for_date
                        如：{'null': "不能为空.", 'invalid': '格式错误'}

    validators          自定义错误验证（列表类型），从而定制想要的验证规则
                        from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
                        from django.core.validators import EmailValidator,URLValidator,DecimalValidator,\
                        MaxLengthValidator,MinLengthValidator,MaxValueValidator,MinValueValidator
                        如：
                            test = models.CharField(
                                max_length=32,
                                error_messages={
                                    'c1': '优先错信息1',
                                    'c2': '优先错信息2',
                                    'c3': '优先错信息3',
                                },
                                validators=[
                                    RegexValidator(regex='root_\d+', message='错误了', code='c1'),
                                    RegexValidator(regex='root_112233\d+', message='又错误了', code='c2'),
                                    EmailValidator(message='又错误了', code='c3'), ]
                            )

参数

null              是否可以为空
default           默认值
primary_key       主键
db_column         列名
db_index          索引
unique            唯一索引
unique_for_date   
unique_for_month
unique_for_year
auto_now           自动生成时间
auto_now_add       创建时自动生成时间

    obj = UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1).update(caption='CEO')
    obj = UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1).first()
    obj.caption="CEO"
    obj.save()

choices              django admin中显示下拉框，避免链表查询
blank                django admin是否可以为空
verbose_name         django admin显示字段中文
editable			django admin是否可以被编辑
error_messages		 错误信息
help_text            django admin提示
validators           django admin自定义错误信息

class UserInfo(moldels.Model):
	# id列，自增，主键
	# 用户名列，字符串类型，指定长度
	# 字符串，数字，时间，二进制
	username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
	password = models.CharField(max_length=60)
	email = models.CharField(max_length=60)
	test = models.EmailField(max-length=19,null=True,error_messages={'invalid':'请输入密码'})
	
	user_type_choices = (
		(1,'超级用户')，
		(2,'普通用户')，
		(3,'低级用户')，
		
	)
	user_type_id = models.IntegerField(choices=user_type_choices,default=1)
	
	
user_list = Userinfo.objects.all()
for row in user_list:
	print(row.user_group_id)
	print(row.user_group.uid)

9.关联表

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class UserGroup(models.Model):
    uid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    groupname = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    # id列，自增，主键
    # 用户名列，字符串类型，指定长度
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32,blank=True,verbose_name='用户名')
    password = models.CharField(max_length=32)


    # user_group = models.ForeignKey(UserGroup,to_field='uid',default=1)
    user_group_id = models.ForeignKey(to=UserGroup,to_field='uid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

10.request,POST.GET.FILES方法

request.POST.get
request.GET.get
request.FILES.get()   获取文件

#checkbox,
.........getlist()

request.path_info 

文件对象 = request.FILES.get()
文件对象. name
文件对象. size
文件对象. chunks()

#<form 特殊的设置></form>

11.django数据库增删改查

增
models.User.objects.create(name='qiansanwan',age=18)
dic = {'name':'xx', 'age': 19}
midels.User.objects.create(**dic)

  obj = models.User(name='qiansanwan',age=18)
  obj.save()

删
	   models.User.objects.filter(id=1).delete()
改
       moldes.User.objects.filter(id__gt=1).update(name='zhang',age=18)
       dic = {'name': 'xx','age': 19}
       models.User.objects.filter(id__gt=1).update(**dic)
查
      moldes.User.objects.filter(id=1,name='root')
      moldes.User.objects.filter(id__gt=1,name='root')      大于
      moldes.User.objects.filter(id__lt=1)                  小于
      moldes.User.objects.filter(id__gte=1)                 大于等于
      moldes.User.objects.filter(id__lte=1)                 小于等于
      
      moldes.User.objects.filter(id=1,name='root')
      dic={'name':'xx','age_gt': 19}
      moldes.User.objects.filter(**dic)

12.数据库类型

v1 = models.Business.objects.all()
#QuerySet ,内部元素都是对象

#QuerySet ,内部元素都是字典
v1 = models.Business.objects.all().values('id','caption')

#QuerySet ,内部元素都是元组
v1 = models.Business.objects.all().values_list('id','caption')

#获取到的一个对象，如果不存在就报错
models.Business.objects.get(id=1)
对象或者None = models.Business.objects.filter(id=1).first()

13.循环生成***

{% for row in v1%}
	<td>{{forloop.counter}} <td/>
{% endfor %}

14.Ajax

$.ajax({
    url: '/host',
    type: "POST",
    data: {'K1': 123,'K2': 'root'},
    success: function(data){
    	//data是服务器端返回的字符串
    	var obj = JSON.parse(data);
    }
})

建议：永远让服务器端返回一个字典

return HttpResponse(json.dumps(字典))

15.数据库表多对多

class Host(models.Model):
	nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
	hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True)
	ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(protocol="ipv4",db_index=True)
	port = models.IntegerField()
	b = models.ForeignKey(to="Business", to_field='id')
	
class Application(models.Model):
	name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
	
class HostToApp(models.Model):
	hobj = models.ForeignKey(to=’Host‘,to_field='id')
    aobj = models.ForeignKey(to='Application','to_field='id')
    
class Host(models.Model):
	nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
	hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True)
	ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(protocol="ipv4",db_index=True)
	port = models.IntegerField()
	b = models.ForeignKey(to="Business", to_field='id')
	

class Application(models.model):
	name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
	r = models.ManyToManyField("Host")
	

无法直接对第三张表直接进行操作

obj = Application.objects.get(id=1)
obj.name

第三张表操作
obj.r.add(1)
obj.r.add(2)
obj.r.add(2,3,4)
obj.r.add(*[1,2,3])

obj.r.remove(1)
obj.r.remove(2,4)
obj.r.remove(*[1,2,3])

设置只保留3，5，7
obj.r.set([3,5,7])

　　

　　

 

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