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RabbitMQ入门

程序员文章站 2024-03-18 10:55:28
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简介

RabbitMQ是实现了高级消息队列协议(AMQP)的开源消息代理软件(亦称面向消息的中间件)。RabbitMQ服务器是用Erlang语言编写的,而群集和故障转移是构建在开放电信平台框架上的。所有主要的编程语言均有与代理接口通讯的客户端库。

各大主流中间件对比

1.ActiveMQ 是 Apache 出品,最流行的,能力强劲的开源消息总线,并且它一
个完全支持 J M S 规范的消息中间件。
其丰富的 API 、多种集群构建模式使得他成为业界老牌消息中间件,在中
小型企业中应用广泛!
MQ 衡量指标:服务性能、数据存储、集群架构

2.RocketMQ是阿里开源的消息中间件,目前也已经孵化为Apache*项目,它是纯java开发,具有高吞吐量、高可用性、适合大规模分布式系统 应用的特点。
RocketMQ思路起源于Kafka,它对消息的可靠传输及事务 性做了优化。
目前在阿里集团被广泛应用于交易、充值、流计算、消息推 送、日志流式处理、binglog分发等场景

3.RabbitMQ是使用Erlang语言开发的开源消息队列系统,基于AMQP协议 来实现。
AMQP的主要特征是面向消息、队列、路由(包括点对点和发布 /订阅)、可靠性、安全。AMQP协议更多用在企业系统内,对数据_致 性、稳定性和可靠性要求很髙的场景,对性能和吞吐量的要求还在其次。
RabbitMQ入门
结论:
activiMq老牌消息中间件,api全面,但是吞吐量不大
Kafaka吞吐量大,但是数据无法保证不丢失,主要面向大数据
rokectMQ:吞吐量大,保证数据不丢失,并且支持分布式事物,但是商业版需要收费
rabbitMQ:吞吐量大,数据不易丢失

RabbitMQ高性能的原因?

Erlang语言最初在于交换机领域的架构模式,这样使得 RabbitMQ在Broker之间进行数据交互的性能是非常优秀的
Erlang的优点:Erlang有着和原生Socket—样的延迟。

什么是AMQP高级消息队列协议?

AMQP定义:
是具有现代特征的二进制协议;
是一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准高级消息队列协议;
是应用层协议的一个开放标准,为面向消息的中间件设计;
RabbitMQ入门

AMQP核心概念

Server:又称Broker,接受客户端的连接,实现AMQP实体服务
Connection:连接:应用程序与Broker的网络连接

Channel:网络通道,几乎所有的操作都在Channel中进行,Channel是进行消息读写的通道;客户端可建立多个Channel,每个Channel代表一个会话任务;

Message:消息,服务器与应用程序之间传递的数据,由Properties和Body组成。Properties可以对消息进行装饰,比如消息的优先级、延迟等高级特性;Body则就是消息体内容;

Virtual host:虚拟地址,用于进行逻辑隔离,最上层的消息路由;一个Virtual Host里面可以有若干个Exchange和Queue,同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange或Queue;

Exchange:交换机,交换消息,根据路由键转发消息到绑定的队列;
Binding:Exchange和Queue之间的虚拟连接,binding中可以包含routing key;
Routing key:一个路由规则,虚拟机可用它来确定如何路由一个特定消息
Queue:也称为Message Queue,消息队列,保存消息并将它们转发给消费者。
RabbitMQ入门
请求流程图
RabbitMQ入门

RibbitMQ安装及使用

Centos安装方式

官网地址:https://www.rabbitmq.com/
提前准备:安装Linux必要依赖包
RabbitMQ入门
下载RabbitMQ必须安装包
配置文件修改
服务的启动:rabbitmq-server start &
服务的停止:rabbitmqctl stop_app
管理插件:rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
访问地址:http://ip:15672/

详细步骤
准备:
yum install
build-essential openssl openssl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel
make gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel m4 ncurses-devel tk tc xz -y

下载:
wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/erlang/erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
wget http://repo.iotti.biz/CentOS/7/x86_64/socat-1.7.3.2-5.el7.lux.x86_64.rpm
wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.5/rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm

安装:
rpm -ivh erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh socat-1.7.3.2-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm

配置文件:
vi /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.6.5/ebin/rabbit.app
比如修改密码、配置等等,例如:loopback_users 中的 <<“guest”>>,只保留guest
服务启动和停止:
启动 rabbitmq-server start &
停止 rabbitmqctl app_stop
查看服务是否成功:
yum install lsof
lsof -i:5672

管理插件:rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
访问地址:http://192.168.147.146:15672/

Docker安装方式

注意获取镜像的时候要获取management版本的,不要获取last版本的,management版本的才带有管理界面

1.查询镜像

docker search rabbitmq:management 

2.获取镜像

docker pull rabbitmq:management

RabbitMQ入门
3.运行镜像
默认guest用户,密码也是guest

docker run -d -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 --name rabbitmq rabbitmq:management

RabbitMQ入门

参数说明:
-d:后台运行容器
-name:指定容器名
-p:指定服务运行的端口(5672:应用访问端口;15672:控制台Web端口号)
-v:映射目录或文件,启动了一个数据卷容器,数据卷路径为:/var/lib/rabbitmq,再将此数据卷映射到住宿主机的/data目录
–hostname:主机名(RabbitMQ的一个重要注意事项是它根据所谓的 “节点名称” 存储数据,默认为主机名)
-e:指定环境变量;(RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST:默认虚拟机名;RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER:默认的用户名;RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS:默认用户名的密码)
–restart=always:当Docker重启时,容器能自动启动
rabbitmq:management:镜像名

启动后就能进入RabbitMQ的监控平台了
RabbitMQ入门

RabbitMQ快速入门

消息生产与消费
ConnectionFactory:获取连接工厂
Connection:一个链接
Channel:数据通信通道,课发送和接收消息
Queue:具体的消息存储队列
Producer & Consumer:生产和消费者

创建一个springboot项目: rabbitmq-api
pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.shl</groupId>
    <artifactId>rabbitmq-api</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>rabbitmq-api</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
            <version>3.6.5</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>


消费端

package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.quick;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

import java.io.IOException;

public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 通过连接工厂创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        //3 通过connection创建一个Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4 声明(创建)一个队列
        String queueName = "test001";
//        参数:队列名称、持久化与否、独占与否、无消息队列是否自动删除、消息参数
//        queueDeclare(String queue, boolean durable, boolean exclusive, boolean autoDelete, Map<String, Object> arguments)
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);

        //5 创建消费者
        QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);

        //6 设置Channel
//         参数:队列名称、自动签收、消费者回调
//        basicConsume(String queue, boolean autoAck, Consumer callback)
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);

        while(true){
            //7 获取消息(Delivery:传送)
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.err.println("消费端: " + msg);
            //Envelope envelope = delivery.getEnvelope();
        }

    }
}

生产端

package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.quick;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Procuder {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 通过连接工厂创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        //3 通过connection创建一个Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //4 通过Channel发送数据
        for(int i=0; i < 5; i++){
            String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ!";
            //1 exchange   2 routingKey
            channel.basicPublish("", "test001", null, msg.getBytes());
        }

        //5 记得要关闭相关的连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

RabbitMQ入门
RabbitMQ入门

交换机

RabbitMQ入门
交换机属性:
Name:交换机名称
Type:交换机类型 direct、topic、fanout、headers
Durability:是否需要持久化,true为持久化
Auto Delete:当最后一个绑定到Exchange上的队列删除后,自动删除该Exchange
Internal:当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用,默认为False
Arguments:扩展参数,用于扩展AMQP协议,定制化使用

直流交换机

直连交换机Direct Exchange(完全匹配路由key)

所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息会被转发到RouteKey中指定的Queue

注意:Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange:default Exchange,所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定(binding)操作,消息传递时,RouteKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收,否则该消息会被抛弃;
RabbitMQ入门
消费端

package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.exchange.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

public class Consumer4DirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {


        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "direct";
        String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";

        //表示声明了一个交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        //表示声明了一个队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        //建立一个绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产端

package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.exchange.direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer4DirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";
//        String routingKey = "test.direct111"; //收不到
        //5 发送

        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4  Direct Exchange Message 111 ... ";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey , null , msg.getBytes());

    }
}

RabbitMQ入门
RabbitMQ入门

主题交换机

主题交换机Topic Exchange(匹配路由规则的交换机)

所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关系RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上;

Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配,此时队列需要绑定一个Topic;

注意:可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配
符号:“#” 匹配一个或者多个词
符号:“” 匹配不多不少一个词
列如:
“log.#” 能够匹配到 “log.info.oa”
“log.
” 能够匹配到 “log.err”

RabbitMQ入门
消费端

package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.exchange.topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

public class Consumer4TopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {


        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "topic";
        String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
        String routingKey = "user.#";
//        String routingKey = "user.*";
        // 1 声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        // 2 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        // 3 建立交换机和队列的绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产端

package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.exchange.topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer4TopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String routingKey1 = "user.save";
        String routingKey2 = "user.update";
        String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";
        //5 发送

        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message ...";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , msg.getBytes());
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

RabbitMQ入门
RabbitMQ入门
当我们修改匹配通配符时,收到的消息也会随之更改
RabbitMQ入门
RabbitMQ入门

输出交换机

输出交换机Fanout Exchange(不做路由)

不处理路由键,只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上;
发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上;
Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的
RabbitMQ入门
消费端

package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.exchange.fanout;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;

public class Consumer4FanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "fanout";
        String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
        String routingKey = "";    //不设置路由键
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);

        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
        }
    }
}

生产端

package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.exchange.fanout;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer4FanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        //5 发送
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
            String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message ...";
            channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null , msg.getBytes());
        }
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

RabbitMQ入门

相关标签: RabbitMQ入门