RabbitMQ入门
RabbitMQ入门
简介
RabbitMQ是实现了高级消息队列协议(AMQP)的开源消息代理软件(亦称面向消息的中间件)。RabbitMQ服务器是用Erlang语言编写的,而群集和故障转移是构建在开放电信平台框架上的。所有主要的编程语言均有与代理接口通讯的客户端库。
各大主流中间件对比
1.ActiveMQ 是 Apache 出品,最流行的,能力强劲的开源消息总线,并且它一
个完全支持 J M S 规范的消息中间件。
其丰富的 API 、多种集群构建模式使得他成为业界老牌消息中间件,在中
小型企业中应用广泛!
MQ 衡量指标:服务性能、数据存储、集群架构
2.RocketMQ是阿里开源的消息中间件,目前也已经孵化为Apache*项目,它是纯java开发,具有高吞吐量、高可用性、适合大规模分布式系统 应用的特点。
RocketMQ思路起源于Kafka,它对消息的可靠传输及事务 性做了优化。
目前在阿里集团被广泛应用于交易、充值、流计算、消息推 送、日志流式处理、binglog分发等场景
3.RabbitMQ是使用Erlang语言开发的开源消息队列系统,基于AMQP协议 来实现。
AMQP的主要特征是面向消息、队列、路由(包括点对点和发布 /订阅)、可靠性、安全。AMQP协议更多用在企业系统内,对数据_致 性、稳定性和可靠性要求很髙的场景,对性能和吞吐量的要求还在其次。
结论:
activiMq老牌消息中间件,api全面,但是吞吐量不大
Kafaka吞吐量大,但是数据无法保证不丢失,主要面向大数据
rokectMQ:吞吐量大,保证数据不丢失,并且支持分布式事物,但是商业版需要收费
rabbitMQ:吞吐量大,数据不易丢失
RabbitMQ高性能的原因?
Erlang语言最初在于交换机领域的架构模式,这样使得 RabbitMQ在Broker之间进行数据交互的性能是非常优秀的
Erlang的优点:Erlang有着和原生Socket—样的延迟。
什么是AMQP高级消息队列协议?
AMQP定义:
是具有现代特征的二进制协议;
是一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准高级消息队列协议;
是应用层协议的一个开放标准,为面向消息的中间件设计;
AMQP核心概念
Server:又称Broker,接受客户端的连接,实现AMQP实体服务
Connection:连接:应用程序与Broker的网络连接
Channel:网络通道,几乎所有的操作都在Channel中进行,Channel是进行消息读写的通道;客户端可建立多个Channel,每个Channel代表一个会话任务;
Message:消息,服务器与应用程序之间传递的数据,由Properties和Body组成。Properties可以对消息进行装饰,比如消息的优先级、延迟等高级特性;Body则就是消息体内容;
Virtual host:虚拟地址,用于进行逻辑隔离,最上层的消息路由;一个Virtual Host里面可以有若干个Exchange和Queue,同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange或Queue;
Exchange:交换机,交换消息,根据路由键转发消息到绑定的队列;
Binding:Exchange和Queue之间的虚拟连接,binding中可以包含routing key;
Routing key:一个路由规则,虚拟机可用它来确定如何路由一个特定消息
Queue:也称为Message Queue,消息队列,保存消息并将它们转发给消费者。
请求流程图
RibbitMQ安装及使用
Centos安装方式
官网地址:https://www.rabbitmq.com/
提前准备:安装Linux必要依赖包
下载RabbitMQ必须安装包
配置文件修改
服务的启动:rabbitmq-server start &
服务的停止:rabbitmqctl stop_app
管理插件:rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
访问地址:http://ip:15672/
详细步骤
准备:
yum install
build-essential openssl openssl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel
make gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel m4 ncurses-devel tk tc xz -y
下载:
wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/erlang/erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
wget http://repo.iotti.biz/CentOS/7/x86_64/socat-1.7.3.2-5.el7.lux.x86_64.rpm
wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.5/rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm
安装:
rpm -ivh erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh socat-1.7.3.2-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm
配置文件:
vi /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.6.5/ebin/rabbit.app
比如修改密码、配置等等,例如:loopback_users 中的 <<“guest”>>,只保留guest
服务启动和停止:
启动 rabbitmq-server start &
停止 rabbitmqctl app_stop
查看服务是否成功:
yum install lsof
lsof -i:5672
管理插件:rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
访问地址:http://192.168.147.146:15672/
Docker安装方式
注意获取镜像的时候要获取management版本的,不要获取last版本的,management版本的才带有管理界面
1.查询镜像
docker search rabbitmq:management
2.获取镜像
docker pull rabbitmq:management
3.运行镜像
默认guest用户,密码也是guest
docker run -d -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 --name rabbitmq rabbitmq:management
参数说明:
-d:后台运行容器
-name:指定容器名
-p:指定服务运行的端口(5672:应用访问端口;15672:控制台Web端口号)
-v:映射目录或文件,启动了一个数据卷容器,数据卷路径为:/var/lib/rabbitmq,再将此数据卷映射到住宿主机的/data目录
–hostname:主机名(RabbitMQ的一个重要注意事项是它根据所谓的 “节点名称” 存储数据,默认为主机名)
-e:指定环境变量;(RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST:默认虚拟机名;RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER:默认的用户名;RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS:默认用户名的密码)
–restart=always:当Docker重启时,容器能自动启动
rabbitmq:management:镜像名
启动后就能进入RabbitMQ的监控平台了
RabbitMQ快速入门
消息生产与消费
ConnectionFactory:获取连接工厂
Connection:一个链接
Channel:数据通信通道,课发送和接收消息
Queue:具体的消息存储队列
Producer & Consumer:生产和消费者
创建一个springboot项目: rabbitmq-api
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.shl</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq-api</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>rabbitmq-api</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>3.6.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
消费端
package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.quick;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//2 通过连接工厂创建连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3 通过connection创建一个Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明(创建)一个队列
String queueName = "test001";
// 参数:队列名称、持久化与否、独占与否、无消息队列是否自动删除、消息参数
// queueDeclare(String queue, boolean durable, boolean exclusive, boolean autoDelete, Map<String, Object> arguments)
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
//5 创建消费者
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//6 设置Channel
// 参数:队列名称、自动签收、消费者回调
// basicConsume(String queue, boolean autoAck, Consumer callback)
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
while(true){
//7 获取消息(Delivery:传送)
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.err.println("消费端: " + msg);
//Envelope envelope = delivery.getEnvelope();
}
}
}
生产端
package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.quick;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class Procuder {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//2 通过连接工厂创建连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3 通过connection创建一个Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 通过Channel发送数据
for(int i=0; i < 5; i++){
String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ!";
//1 exchange 2 routingKey
channel.basicPublish("", "test001", null, msg.getBytes());
}
//5 记得要关闭相关的连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
交换机
交换机属性:
Name:交换机名称
Type:交换机类型 direct、topic、fanout、headers
Durability:是否需要持久化,true为持久化
Auto Delete:当最后一个绑定到Exchange上的队列删除后,自动删除该Exchange
Internal:当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用,默认为False
Arguments:扩展参数,用于扩展AMQP协议,定制化使用
直流交换机
直连交换机Direct Exchange(完全匹配路由key)
所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息会被转发到RouteKey中指定的Queue
注意:Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange:default Exchange,所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定(binding)操作,消息传递时,RouteKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收,否则该消息会被抛弃;
消费端
package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.exchange.direct;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
public class Consumer4DirectExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
String exchangeType = "direct";
String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
String routingKey = "test.direct";
//表示声明了一个交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
//表示声明了一个队列
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
//建立一个绑定关系:
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//durable 是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
}
}
}
生产端
package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.exchange.direct;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class Producer4DirectExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1 创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//2 创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3 创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
String routingKey = "test.direct";
// String routingKey = "test.direct111"; //收不到
//5 发送
String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Direct Exchange Message 111 ... ";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey , null , msg.getBytes());
}
}
主题交换机
主题交换机Topic Exchange(匹配路由规则的交换机)
所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关系RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上;
Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配,此时队列需要绑定一个Topic;
注意:可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配
符号:“#” 匹配一个或者多个词
符号:“” 匹配不多不少一个词
列如:
“log.#” 能够匹配到 “log.info.oa”
“log.” 能够匹配到 “log.err”
消费端
package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.exchange.topic;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
public class Consumer4TopicExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
String exchangeType = "topic";
String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
String routingKey = "user.#";
// String routingKey = "user.*";
// 1 声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
// 2 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
// 3 建立交换机和队列的绑定关系:
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//durable 是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
}
}
}
生产端
package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.exchange.topic;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class Producer4TopicExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1 创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//2 创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3 创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
String routingKey1 = "user.save";
String routingKey2 = "user.update";
String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";
//5 发送
String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message ...";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , msg.getBytes());
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
当我们修改匹配通配符时,收到的消息也会随之更改
输出交换机
输出交换机Fanout Exchange(不做路由)
不处理路由键,只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上;
发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上;
Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的
消费端
package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.exchange.fanout;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
public class Consumer4FanoutExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
String exchangeType = "fanout";
String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
String routingKey = ""; //不设置路由键
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//durable 是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
}
}
}
生产端
package com.shl.rabbitmqapi.exchange.fanout;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class Producer4FanoutExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1 创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.197.135");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//2 创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3 创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4 声明
String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
//5 发送
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message ...";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null , msg.getBytes());
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}