Android代码优化
1、避免使用静态的变量尤其是静态的Context、View、Drawable等消耗内存的对象,如果一定要使用可以使用弱引用,即WeakReference这个类,如下:
private static WeakReference<Context> context;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
context = new WeakReference<Context>(this);
}
public static Context getContext() {
return context.get();
}
2、避免非静态内部类引用外部类,因为静态内部类会引用外部类的对象或View对象,造成内存泄露,最典型的是handler使用,如下:
private Handler handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Toast.makeText(Act.this, "I am handler", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
或
private TextView textView;
private Handler handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
textView.setText("text from handler");
}
};
替代为:
private Handler handler = new MyHandler(this);
private static class MyHandler extends Handler {
private WeakReference<Act> activity;
public MyHandler(Act activity) {
this.activity = new WeakReference<>(activity);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Toast.makeText(activity.get(), "show toast from handler", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
3、避免使用枚举,在Android中官方已经不推荐使用枚举,可以使用android.support包提供的annotation编译期注解配合常量来替代,可以参考系统的Toast类源码如下:
public static final int LENGTH_SHORT = 0;
public static final int LENGTH_LONG = 1;
@IntDef({LENGTH_SHORT, LENGTH_LONG})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface Duration {
}
4、在大部分情况下,使用增强的foreach替代for循环,如下:
int[] num = new int[]{1, 3, 5, 6, 9};
int sum = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < num.length; j++) {
sum += num[j];
}
可以替代为:
int[] num = new int[]{1, 3, 5, 6, 9};
int sum = 0;
for (int j : num) {
sum += j;
}
5、避免在循环语句内部反复创建和销毁对象,避免内存抖动,影响性能,如下:
int[] numArray1 = new int[]{1, 3, 5, 6, 9};
int[] numArray2 = new int[]{1, 3, 5, 6, 9};
int sum = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < numArray1.length; j++) {
int num1 = numArray1[j];
int num2 = numArray2[j];
sum += num1 + num2;
}
可以替代为:
int[] numArray1 = new int[]{1, 3, 5, 6, 9};
int[] numArray2 = new int[]{1, 3, 5, 6, 9};
int sum = 0;
int num1;
int num2;
for (int j = 0; j < numArray1.length; j++) {
num1 = numArray1[j];
num2 = numArray2[j];
sum += num1 + num2;
}
6、使用更加高效的数据结构,在Java中如Map、HashMap等,在Android中有专门的设计类都是以Sparsexx开头,如下:
Map<Integer, String> map1 = new HashMap<>();
Map<Integer, File> map2 = new HashMap<>();
可以替代为:
SparseArray<String> s1 = new SparseArray<>();
SparseArray<File> s2 = new SparseArray<>();
SparseArray内部定义了一个int类型的数组用于存储key,所以如果map的key是int类型,就可以使用SparseArray替代,下面是类定义:
当然除了这个类还有其他的类,如:SparseBooleanArray、SparseIntArray、SparseLongArray,这三个类内部都定义了int类型的数组来存储key。7、字符串大量拼接时,使用StringBuilder替代+,且StringBuilder效率比StringBuffer高,如下:
String str = "我";
List<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
names.add("小明");
names.add("小王");
names.add("小刘");
names.add("小赵");
for (String s : names) {
str += s;
}
可以替代为:
StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder("我");
List<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
names.add("小明");
names.add("小王");
names.add("小刘");
names.add("小赵");
for (String s : names) {
str.append(s);
}
注意:不要在使用了StringBuilder中又同时使用字符串+,如这样:str.append(s+"\n"),可以这样:str.append(s).append("\n")。
8、避免在自定义View的onDraw方法中重复申请和释放内存,如下:
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
Paint paint = new Paint();
paint.setColor(Color.RED);
paint.setTypeface(Typeface.DEFAULT_BOLD);
paint.setAntiAlias(true);
paint.setTextSize(28);
}
改为在onDraw方法之前申明:
Paint paint = new Paint();
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
paint.setColor(Color.RED);
paint.setTypeface(Typeface.DEFAULT_BOLD);
paint.setAntiAlias(true);
paint.setTextSize(28);
}
9、避免使用系统已经过时的方法,如果要使用要对系统API版本进行判断处理,如下:
getResources().getColor(R.color.color_0d0d0d);
getColor带一个参数的这个方法已经标注为过时,替代为:
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
getResources().getColor(R.color.color_0d0d0d, getTheme());
} else {
getResources().getColor(R.color.color_0d0d0d);
}
10、使用泛型的时候如果明确知道类型最好限制泛型类型,如下:
public <VIEW> VIEW findViewById(int resId) {
return (VIEW) contentView.findViewById(resId);
}
替代为:
public <VIEW extends View> VIEW findViewById(int resId) {
return (VIEW) contentView.findViewById(resId);
}
11、使用android.support.annotation包改进代码,增强代码健壮性,如下:
import android.support.annotation.IdRes;
public View findViewById(@IdRes int resId) {
return contentView.findViewById(resId);
}
@IdRes是一个编译期注解,代码会在编译阶段进行检查,这样做的好处是外部要调用findViewById方法时不可以随便传入数值,必须是R.id.xx中的某一个,当然传入0和-1也是没问题,一般会用来做默认判断处理,如:
public View findViewById(@IdRes int resId) {
if (resId <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("传入的参数不对,只能是资源ID.");
}
return contentView.findViewById(resId);
}
12、使用ListView时Adapter一定要复用convertView并使用ViewHolder,如下:
public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private List<String> data;
private final LayoutInflater layoutInflater;
private class MyViewHolder {
public TextView textView;
public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
textView = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.text);
}
}
public MyAdapter(Context context, List<String> data) {
layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
this.data = data;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return data == null ? 0 : data.size();
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return data.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return 0;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
MyViewHolder viewHolder;
if (convertView == null) {
convertView = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_text, parent, false);
viewHolder = new MyViewHolder(convertView);
convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
} else {
viewHolder = (MyViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
}
viewHolder.textView.setText(getItem(position).toString());
return convertView;
}
}
13、使用RecyclerView替代ListView,Android 5.0推出了RecyclerView,RecyclerView更加强大、灵活、可扩展性强,简单用法如下:
private class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
public final TextView textView;
public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
super(itemView);
textView = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.text);
}
}
private class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyViewHolder> {
private final LayoutInflater layoutInflater;
private List<String> data;
public MyAdapter(Context context, List<String> data) {
layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
this.data = data;
}
@Override
public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
return new MyViewHolder(layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_text, parent, false));
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(MyViewHolder holder, int position) {
holder.textView.setText(getItem(position));
}
public String getItem(int position) {
return data.get(position);
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return data == null ? 0 : data.size();
}
}
RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recyclerView);
List<String> languages = new ArrayList<>();
languages.add("C");
languages.add("C++");
languages.add("Java");
languages.add("Kotlin");
languages.add("Python");
MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(this, languages);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
注意:RecyclerView一定要调用setLayoutManager来指定item布局排列,否则无法展示列表数据。具体详细用法,请移步。
14、如果成员变量的值是固定不变的,改用final static修饰,如下:
private String TAG = "MyAdapter";
改为:
private final static String TAG = "MyAdapter";
15、使用Timer或TimerTask时要记得取消,在Activity的onDestroy或Fragment的onDetach方法中调用cancel方法取消。
16、使用TypedArray完毕后及时调用typedArray.recycle()方法释放资源。
17、文件或流操作时要在finally语句块中关闭而不要在catch语句块中关闭,因为如果发生异常程序就不会往下执行,如下:
FileInputStream fis;
try {
fis = new FileInputStream(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "aa.txt");
fis.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
改为:
FileInputStream fis = null;
try {
fis = new FileInputStream(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "aa.txt");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fis != null) {
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
作者:Shyky
链接:https://juejin.im/post/5a24ae816fb9a044fb07960e
来源:掘金
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
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