python实现正整数的2,8,10,16进制数之间的互相转换
程序员文章站
2024-03-17 13:08:10
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思路
- 构造一个10进制转(2,8,16)进制的函数;
- 构造一个(2,8,16)进制转10进制的函数;
- 操作两个函数,完成2,8,10,16进制数之间的互相转换。
输入注意
- 输入8进制和16进制数时,不需要输入‘0o’或‘0x’,输入数字即可。
代码如下
#encoding=utf-8
import math
num=input("请输入一个数字:")
mertic=int(input("请输入该数的进制数:"))
newMertic=int(input("请输入要转化成的进制数:"))
def tenToAny(num,newMertic):
num=int(num)
# 初始化输出字符串
str_New = ""
if newMertic == 8:
str_New = "0o"
if newMertic == 16:
str_New = "0x"
if newMertic in [2,8,10,16]:
#初始化栈
lists = []
#while循环,进行入栈操作
while True:
remainder = num % newMertic
if remainder == 10:
remainder = 'A'
elif remainder == 11:
remainder = 'B'
elif remainder == 12:
remainder = 'C'
elif remainder == 13:
remainder = 'D'
elif remainder == 14:
remainder = 'E'
elif remainder == 15:
remainder = 'F'
num = int(num / newMertic)
lists.append(remainder)#让余数入栈
if num==0:
break
lists.reverse()#倒序排列栈中的元素
for i in range(len(lists)):
str_New += str(lists[i])
return str_New
else:
return '输入的‘要转化成’的进制数有误!'
def anyToTen(num,mertic):
num = list(num)
# 如果输入一个2,8,10进制且带字母的数,前后矛盾,报错
for i in num:
if (i in ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F']) and mertic!=16:
return '输入参数有误!'
numList = []
result = 0 # 初始化结果值
#将16进制中的字母,转化成数字,然后入栈
for i in range(len(num)):
if num[i] == 'A':
num[i] = 10
numList.append(int(num[i]))
elif num[i] == 'B':
num[i] = 11
numList.append(int(num[i]))
elif num[i] == 'C':
num[i] = 12
numList.append(int(num[i]))
elif num[i] == 'D':
num[i] = 13
numList.append(int(num[i]))
elif num[i] == 'E':
num[i] = 14
numList.append(int(num[i]))
elif num[i] == 'F':
num[i] = 15
numList.append(int(num[i]))
else:
numList.append(int(num[i]))
numList.reverse()#倒序排列栈中的元素
#栈中元素和进制数,计算出结果
if mertic in [2, 8, 10, 16]:
for i in range(len(numList)):
result += numList[i] * math.pow(mertic, i)
return result
else:
return "输入的“转化成”的进制数有误!"
#如果“该数”的进制数为10,只调用tenToAny方法
if mertic==10:
result=tenToAny(num,newMertic)
#如果“转化成”的进制数为10,只调用anyToTen方法
elif newMertic==10:
result=anyToTen(num,mertic)
#否则,先调用anyToTen方法,再调用tenToAny方法
else:
mid=anyToTen(num,mertic)
result=tenToAny(mid,newMertic)
print(result)
感想: 欢迎大家与我一起讨论,优化代码!