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python时间函数和常用格式化 博客分类: python timedatetime格式化时间

程序员文章站 2024-03-16 08:18:04
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使用之前import:

import time,datetime

下面的函数在python2.7里可以正常运行,但python2.4可能不支持某些方法。比如python2.4.3中报错:

AttributeError: type object 'datetime.datetime' has no attribute 'strptime'

 

格式化当前时间则为:

首选:time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

其次:datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime.d atetime.now(), '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

最后:str(datetime.datetime.now())[:19]

 

获取日期差:

oneday = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
today = datetime.date.today()
yesterday  = datetime.date.today() - oneday

tomorrow = datetime.date.today() + oneday

获取今天零点的时间:

today_zero_time = datetime.datetime.strftime(today, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

print today_zero_time

2013-05-21 00:00:00

 

获取时间差:

oneday = datetime.timedelta(days=1)

today_time = datetime.datetime.now()

yesterday_time = datetime.datetime.now() - oneday

tomorrow_time  = datetime.datetime.now() + oneday

注意时间是浮点数,带毫秒。如下:

print tomorrow_time
2013-05-22 10:34:43.873844

那么要获取当前时间,需要格式化一下:

oneday = datetime.timedelta(days=1)

today_time = datetime.datetime.now()

yesterday_time = datetime.datetime.now() - oneday

tomorrow_time  = datetime.datetime.now() + oneday

tomorrow_time = datetime.datetime.strftime(today_time, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

运行结果如下所示:

print tomorrow_time
2013-05-21 10:34:43

 

获取上个月最后一天:

last_month_last_day = datetime.date(datetime.date.today().year,datetime.date.today().month,1)-datetime.timedelta(1) 

 

字符串格式转秒数:

expire_time = "2013-05-21 09:50:35"

d = datetime.datetime.strptime(expire_time,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

time_sec_float = time.mktime(d.timetuple())

print time_sec_float
1369101035.0

注意python里获取到的是float类型的秒数,而不是整形。如果要获得整数,可以用int(time_sec_float)

 

秒数转字符串:

time_sec = time.time()

time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(time_sec))

 

python的时间转换函数搞得太抽象复杂,因此我包装了一个函数,传入字符串可以获取到时间的各种格式,传入秒数可以获取字符串格式时间(这个是很简单的),还传入两个字符串格式的时间,以计算他们的时间差。

#coding=gbk

import time, datetime

# 传入一个字符串格式的时间2013-05-21 14:31:23,可以得到各种格式的时间
class TIMEFORMAT:
    def __init__(self, time_string="1970-1-1 00:00:00"):
        self.time_string = self._format_time_string(time_string)

    def _format_time_string(self, time_string):
        return time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", self.get_struct(time_string))

    @property
    def time_struct(self):
        return self.get_struct(self.time_string)
    def get_struct(self, time_string):
        return time.localtime(self.get_seconds(time_string))

    @property
    def seconds(self):
        return self.get_seconds(self.time_string)
    def get_seconds(self, time_string):
        d = datetime.datetime.strptime(time_string, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        return time.mktime(d.timetuple())

    def get_string(self, time_sec):
        return time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(time_sec))

    # 对于中国的时间,是1970-01-01 08:00:00
    def check_diff_time(self, t1, t2):
        sec1 = int(self.get_seconds(t1))
        sec2 = int(self.get_seconds(t2))
        if sec1 > sec2:
            secdiff = sec1 - sec2
        else:
            secdiff = sec2 - sec1
        d = self.get_struct(self.get_string(secdiff))
        day = d.tm_mday
        hour = d.tm_hour
        if d.tm_hour < 8:
            day -= 1
            hour = 24 + (d.tm_hour - 8)
        else:
            hour = d.tm_hour - 8

        return {
            "year"  :d.tm_year - 1970,
            "month" :d.tm_mon  - 1,
            "day"   : day - 1,
            "hour"  : hour,
            "min"   : d.tm_min,
            "sec"   : d.tm_sec,
        }

if __name__ == "__main__":
    t1 = TIMEFORMAT("2015-04-01 12:23:23")
    t2 = TIMEFORMAT("2014-03-10 22:23:23")
    print t1.seconds
    print t2.seconds
    d = t1.check_diff_time(t1.time_string, t2.time_string)
    print "%s 和 %s 时间差为:%s年%s月%s天%s小时%s分%s秒" %(t1.time_string, t2.time_string, d["year"], d["month"], d["day"], d["hour"], d["min"], d["sec"])