java微信公众号消息模板推送功能实现

一 模板消息的优缺点

优点：显示形式有别于其他消息，信息通俗易懂且要美观一些是一种通知类消息，可以主动给用户发送，用户只需关注公众号不需要和公众号有交互；可根据行业的不同发送个性化消息

缺点：消息内容固定，不能进行过多的定制化

二 使用条件

已经通过微信认证的公众号并且已经申请开通过模板消息接口，而且还需要从模板库中选择过模板并已添加到自己的公众平台

首先点击这里的按钮：

之后找到合适模板点“添加按钮”

三 程序调用模板消息发送接口

1 模板消息由于模板选取不同需要传入参数的名称、值、参数个数也不同首先要封装2个实体

package com.ruoyi.wanshang.domain;

import com.ruoyi.common.core.domain.BaseEntity;

/**
 * 模板消息 TemplateParam
 *
 * @author ruoyi
 */
public class TemplateParam extends BaseEntity
{
	// 参数名称
	private String name;
	// 参数值
	private String value;
	// 颜色
	private String color;
	
    public TemplateParam(String name,String value,String color){
    	this.name=name;
    	this.value=value;
    	this.color=color;
    }
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
 
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
 
	public String getValue() {
		return value;
	}
 
	public void setValue(String value) {
		this.value = value;
	}
 
	public String getColor() {
		return color;
	}
 
	public void setColor(String color) {
		this.color = color;
	}

}

package com.ruoyi.wanshang.domain;

import java.util.List;

import com.ruoyi.common.core.domain.BaseEntity;

/**
 * 模板消息 Template
 *
 * @author ruoyi
 */
public class Template extends BaseEntity
{
	// 消息接收方
	private String toUser;
	// 模板id
	private String templateId;
	// 模板消息详情链接
	private String url;
	// 消息顶部的颜色
	private String topColor;
	// 参数列表
	private List<TemplateParam> templateParamList;
 
	public String getToUser() {
		return toUser;
	}
 
	public void setToUser(String toUser) {
		this.toUser = toUser;
	}
 
	public String getTemplateId() {
		return templateId;
	}
 
	public void setTemplateId(String templateId) {
		this.templateId = templateId;
	}
 
	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}
 
	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}
 
	public String getTopColor() {
		return topColor;
	}
 
	public void setTopColor(String topColor) {
		this.topColor = topColor;
	}
	
	public String toJSON() {
		StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
		buffer.append("{");
		buffer.append(String.format("\"touser\":\"%s\"", this.toUser)).append(",");
		buffer.append(String.format("\"template_id\":\"%s\"", this.templateId)).append(",");
		buffer.append(String.format("\"url\":\"%s\"", this.url)).append(",");
		buffer.append(String.format("\"topcolor\":\"%s\"", this.topColor)).append(",");
		buffer.append("\"data\":{");
		TemplateParam param = null;
		for (int i = 0; i < this.templateParamList.size(); i++) {
		     param = templateParamList.get(i);
		    // 判断是否追加逗号
			if (i < this.templateParamList.size() - 1){
				
				buffer.append(String.format("\"%s\": {\"value\":\"%s\",\"color\":\"%s\"},", param.getName(), param.getValue(), param.getColor()));
			}else{
				buffer.append(String.format("\"%s\": {\"value\":\"%s\",\"color\":\"%s\"}", param.getName(), param.getValue(), param.getColor()));
			}
		
		}
		buffer.append("}");
		buffer.append("}");
		return buffer.toString();
		}
 
	public List<TemplateParam> getTemplateParamList() {
		return templateParamList;
	}
 
	public void setTemplateParamList(List<TemplateParam> templateParamList) {
		this.templateParamList = templateParamList;
	}

}

发送模板消息的主要方法

public static boolean sendTemplateMsg(String token,Template template){
		
		boolean flag=false;
		
		String requestUrl="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
		requestUrl=requestUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", token);
	
		JSONObject jsonResult=CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, "POST", template.toJSON());
		if(jsonResult!=null){
			int errorCode=jsonResult.getInt("errcode");
			String errorMessage=jsonResult.getString("errmsg");
			if(errorCode==0){
				flag=true;
			}else{
				System.out.println("模板消息发送失败:"+errorCode+","+errorMessage);
				flag=false;
			}
		}
		return flag;
		
		
		
}

调用模板消息的发送方法

Template tem=new Template();
tem.setTemplateId("0LYlQL2f4dyoU9fMHTqlQEXkFV5Pi5HBEqhwt3fkTLw");
tem.setTopColor("#00DD00");
tem.setToUser("oWOHzsm8htRGTadf14eDdcnLsAjM");
tem.setUrl("");
		
List<TemplateParam> paras=new ArrayList<TemplateParam>();
paras.add(new TemplateParam("first","亲爱的商户，您有新的已支付订单，请尽快发货哦~~","#FF3333"));
    	paras.add(new TemplateParam("keyword1","ZD2007041586267116","#FF0000"));//订单号
    	paras.add(new TemplateParam("keyword2","洁比世 长柄杯刷","#000000"));//商品名称
    	paras.add(new TemplateParam("keyword3","justbest-SN42","#000000"));//规格
    	paras.add(new TemplateParam("keyword4","1","#000000"));//商品数量
    	paras.add(new TemplateParam("keyword5","2020-07-05 10:29:28","#000000"));//时间
    	paras.add(new TemplateParam("remark","广东省深圳市南山区创新大厦...","#000000"));//收货人信息
		
tem.setTemplateParamList(paras);
    	//获取token
    	Object access_token = iWsUserService.getToken();
        String token = access_token.toString();	
boolean result=sendTemplateMsg(token,tem);

获取token

    public Object getToken() {
    	String param = "grant_type=client_credential"+"&appid="+PayState.APPID+"&secret="+PayState.APPSECRET;
        String access_tokens = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token";
        String sendGet1 = HttpRequestUtils.sendGet(access_tokens, param);
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(sendGet1);
        Object accessToken = jsonObject.get("access_token");
        return accessToken;
    }

HttpRequestUtils工具类

package com.ruoyi.wanshang.utils;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * http请求工具类
 */
public class HttpRequestUtils {
    /**
     * 向指定URL发送GET方法的请求
     *
     * @param url
     *            发送请求的URL
     * @param param
     *            请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return URL 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendGet(String url, String param) {
        String result = "";
        BufferedReader in = null;
        try {
            String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
            URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            // 建立实际的连接
            connection.connect();
            // 获取所有响应头字段
            Map<String, List<String>> map = connection.getHeaderFields();
            // 遍历所有的响应头字段
            for (String key : map.keySet()) {
                System.out.println(key + "--->" + map.get(key));
            }
            // 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    connection.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送GET请求出现异常！" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 使用finally块来关闭输入流
        finally {
            try {
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e2) {
                e2.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 向指定 URL 发送POST方法的请求
     *
     * @param url
     *            发送请求的 URL
     * @param param
     *            请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendPost(String url, String param) {
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
            URL realUrl = new URL(url);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            // 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            // 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
            out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
            // 发送请求参数
            out.print(param);
            // flush输出流的缓冲
            out.flush();
            // 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送 POST 请求出现异常！"+e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流
        finally{
            try{
                if(out!=null){
                    out.close();
                }
                if(in!=null){
                    in.close();
                }
            }
            catch(IOException ex){
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}

CommonUtil工具类

package com.ruoyi.wanshang.utils;


import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
 
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
 
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
 
public class CommonUtil {
	
	public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) { 
		
        JSONObject jsonObject = null;
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();  
        try {  
            // 创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化  
            TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };  
            SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");  
            sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());  
            // 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象  
            SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();  
  
            URL url = new URL(requestUrl);  
            HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();  
            httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);  
  
            httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);  
            httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);  
            httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);  
            // 设置请求方式（GET/POST）  
            httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);  
  
            if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) {
            	 httpUrlConn.connect();  
            } 
               
  
            // 当有数据需要提交时  
            if (null != outputStr) {  
                OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();  
                // 注意编码格式，防止中文乱码  
                outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));  
                outputStream.close();  
            }  
  
            // 将返回的输入流转换成字符串  
            InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();  
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");  
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);  
  
            String str = null;  
            while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {  
                buffer.append(str);  
            }  
            bufferedReader.close();  
            inputStreamReader.close();  
            // 释放资源  
            inputStream.close();  
            inputStream = null;  
            httpUrlConn.disconnect();  
            jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());  
        } catch (ConnectException ce) {  
            ce.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }  
        return jsonObject;  
    }
	
    public static String httpRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) { 
		
        
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();  
        try {  
          
  
            URL url = new URL(requestUrl);  
            HttpURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();  
           
  
            httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);  
            httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);  
            httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);  
            // 设置请求方式（GET/POST）  
            httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);  
  
            if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) {
            	 httpUrlConn.connect();  
            } 
               
  
            // 当有数据需要提交时  
            if (null != outputStr) {  
                OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();  
                // 注意编码格式，防止中文乱码  
                outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));  
                outputStream.close();  
            }  
  
            // 将返回的输入流转换成字符串  
            InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();  
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");  
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);  
  
            String str = null;  
            while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {  
                buffer.append(str);  
            }  
            bufferedReader.close();  
            inputStreamReader.close();  
            // 释放资源  
            inputStream.close();  
            inputStream = null;  
            httpUrlConn.disconnect();  
            //jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());  
        } catch (ConnectException ce) {  
            ce.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }  
        return buffer.toString();  
    }
	public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source){
		String result = source;
		try {
			result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source,"utf-8");
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return result;
	}
	
    public static String httpsRequestForStr(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) { 
		
        String result="";
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();  
        try {  
            // 创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化  
            TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };  
            SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");  
            sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());  
            // 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象  
            SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();  
  
            URL url = new URL(requestUrl);  
            HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();  
            httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);  
  
            httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);  
            httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);  
            httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);  
            // 设置请求方式（GET/POST）  
            httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);  
  
            if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) {
            	 httpUrlConn.connect();  
            } 
               
  
            // 当有数据需要提交时  
            if (null != outputStr) {  
                OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();  
                // 注意编码格式，防止中文乱码  
                outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));  
                outputStream.close();  
            }  
  
            // 将返回的输入流转换成字符串  
            InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();  
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");  
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);  
  
            String str = null;  
            while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {  
                buffer.append(str);  
            }  
            bufferedReader.close();  
            inputStreamReader.close();  
            // 释放资源  
            inputStream.close();  
            inputStream = null;  
            httpUrlConn.disconnect();  
            result=buffer.toString();  
        } catch (ConnectException ce) {  
            ce.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }  
        return result;  
    }
}

最后，效果图如下：