Premature end of JPEG file 终极解决方案
Premature end of JPEG file
问题分析
我们在Caffe训练中,常常遇到异常提示:Premature end of JPEG file;
如下图中
这个异常通常是不会影响你正常训练节奏的,但是它却可能影响你的训练效果(当然出现少,看不出明显差距)
那么这到底是个什么异常呢?
答案是:JPEG图像格式破损;也就是你的训练样本JPEG图像格式出了毛病
JPEG格式
正常图像:
你用图像浏览器打开,是正常的,如下图
同样图像用UltraEdit工具打开,查看其16进制格式的首尾,如图
文件头2个字节:0xff,0xd8(JPEG文件标识SOI)
文件尾2个字节:0xff,0xd9(JPEG文件结束标识EOI)
异常图像
注意其右下角,存在灰色马赛克,其末尾字节0xd9,0x9c与标识不符,如下图:
有些图像破损更严重,图像浏览器都无法打开图像
解决方案
写个小程序,check一遍数据集,将存在破损的JPEG图像挑出来
将这部分图像用opencv重写一遍,因为有些破损图像重写以后,在不影响训练情况下,可以继续用着训练集;如上图破损图像,在重写后与该图像一样,但格式变正常,而其右下角马赛克,对像分类、人脸检测、人像分割等任务是没有影响的,则可以继续放回训练集。直接上代码:
#include "iostream"
#include "opencv2\opencv.hpp"
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <io.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <direct.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
#pragma comment(lib,"opencv_world300.lib")
using namespace std;
void ReadDirPath(string basePath, vector<string>& dirList)
{
//dirList.push_back(basePath);
//文件句柄
long long hFile = 0;
//文件信息
struct _finddata_t fileinfo;
string p;
if ((hFile = _findfirst(p.assign(basePath).append("\\*").c_str(), &fileinfo)) != -1)
{
do
{
//如果是目录,迭代之
//如果不是,加入列表
if (strcmp(fileinfo.name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(fileinfo.name, "..") == 0)
{
continue;
}
else
{
if ((fileinfo.attrib & 0x10) == _A_SUBDIR)
{
string dir = p.assign(basePath).append("\\").append(fileinfo.name);
dirList.push_back(dir);
ReadDirPath(dir, dirList);
}
}
} while (_findnext(hFile, &fileinfo) == 0);
_findclose(hFile);
}
}
void ReadImagePath(string basePath, vector<string>& imageList)
{
if (!imageList.empty())
{
imageList.clear();
}
vector<string> dirList;
dirList.push_back(basePath);
ReadDirPath(basePath, dirList);
for (int i = 0; i < dirList.size(); i++)
{
long long hFile = 0;
//文件信息
struct _finddata_t fileinfo;
string p;
if ((hFile = _findfirst(p.assign(dirList[i]).append("\\*.*").c_str(), &fileinfo)) != -1)
{
do
{
if (strcmp(fileinfo.name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(fileinfo.name, "..") == 0)
{
continue;
}
else
{
string name = fileinfo.name;
if (name.size()<5)
{
continue;
}
name = name.substr(name.size() - 4, name.size());
if (name == ".jpg" || name == ".JPG" || name == ".png" || name == ".PNG" || name == "jpeg" || name == "JPEG")
{
string dir = p.assign(dirList[i]).append("\\").append(fileinfo.name);
imageList.push_back(dir);
}
}
} while (_findnext(hFile, &fileinfo) == 0);
_findclose(hFile);
}
}
}
bool CheckJpeg(string file)
{
if (file.empty())
{
return false;
}
ifstream in(file.c_str(), ios::in | ios::binary);
if (!in.is_open())
{
cout << "Error opening file!" << endl;
return false;
}
int start;
in.read((char*)&start, 4);
short int lstart = start << 16 >> 16;
//cout << hex << lstart << " ";
in.seekg(-4, ios::end);
int end;
in.read((char*)&end, 4);
short int lend = end >> 16;
//cout << hex << lend << endl;
in.close();
if ((lstart != -9985) || (lend != -9729)) //0xd8ff 0xd9ff
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
if (argc < 5)
{
cout << "Please Use: [image_path] [width] [hight] [isdemo]" << endl;
system("pause");
return -1;
}
else if (argc >5)
{
cout << "Parameters too much" << endl;
system("pause");
return -1;
}
string image_path = argv[1];
int nW = atoi(argv[2]);
int nH = atoi(argv[3]);
vector<string> image_list;
ReadImagePath(image_path, image_list);
if (image_list.size()<1)
{
cout << image_path <<": This path has no jpeg image!" << endl;
system("pause");
return -1;
}
int num = image_list.size();
cout << "Check image plan: "<<endl;
for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
printf("%d/%d\r", i, num), fflush(stdout);
string save_dir = image_path;
string name = image_list[i];
name = name.substr(name.size() - 4, name.size());
bool isJpg = false;
if (name == ".jpg" || name == ".JPG" || name == "jpeg" || name == "JPEG")
{
isJpg = CheckJpeg(image_list[i]);
}
if (isJpg)
{
save_dir += "_false";
}
else
{
save_dir = save_dir + "_" + argv[2] + "x" + argv[3];
}
Mat img = imread(image_list[i]);
if (atoi(argv[4]) && !img.empty())
{
imshow("img", img);
cvWaitKey(0);
}
if (isJpg) //格式破损
{
if (_access(save_dir.c_str(), 6) == -1)
{
_mkdir(save_dir.c_str());
}
if (!img.empty())
{
string image_name = image_list[i];
image_name = image_name.substr(image_name.rfind("\\"));
imwrite(save_dir + image_name, img);
}
remove(image_list[i].c_str());
}
else if (img.cols < nW || img.rows < nH)
{
string dir = image_list[i];
dir = dir.replace(0,image_path.size(), save_dir);
dir = dir.substr(0,dir.rfind("\\"));
if (_access(dir.c_str(), 6) == -1)
{
_mkdir(dir.c_str());
}
if (!img.empty())
{
string image_name = image_list[i];
image_name = image_name.substr(image_name.rfind("\\"));
imwrite(dir + image_name, img);
}
remove(image_list[i].c_str());
}
}
cout << "finished!" << endl;
//system("pause");
return 0;
}
编译为exe,可用run.bat启动
本工具还加入了以图像大小分类图像的功能,命令行说明
”Please Use: [image_path] [width] [hight] [isdemo]”
分别表示:图像路径文件夹;分类图像的宽度;分类图像的高度;是否显示图像
当只使用Check功能时,将后面3个参数置0即可快速Check数据集,最终会将存在问题的图像重写一遍,放在与你图像路径文件夹xxx相同位置下,新建xxx_false的文件下。分类的话也会新建文件夹,当然读者也可根据自己喜好更改。
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